冀中坳陷地层岩性油气藏分布特征与主控因素
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摘要
为了进一步弄清冀中坳陷不同类型凹陷地层岩性油气藏的分布规律与控制因素,根据各凹陷独特的地质结构和沉积特征,将其细分为继承型、偏移型和早盛型等3类。通过不同凹陷地层岩性油气藏的分布特征,指出继承型凹陷勘探面积最大、勘探前景最好,偏移型凹陷勘探潜力居中,而早盛型凹陷成藏条件相对较差,同时指出沉积体系与构造背景配置在缓坡带、陡坡带和洼槽区等不同区带均可形成不同类型的地层岩性油气藏分布聚集区。主控因素分析认为,地层超剥带、岩相过渡带、湖岸线变迁带均是形成多种岩性或地层圈闭的有利区带,不同类型的砂岩储集体发生岩性、物性及接触关系等变化强烈,为地层岩性圈闭发育提供了有利条件;有利成岩相带和有利岩相带共同控制了地层岩性油气藏"甜点"的成群成带富集,"五带"附近是深化地层岩性油气藏勘探的重要方向。
In order to understand the distribution law and controlling factors of stratigraphic-lithologic reservoirs in sags of Jizhong Depression,these sags were divided into three types(inherited type,migratory type and early prevailing type)according to their unique geological structures and sedimentary characteristics. It shows that the prospects of stratigraphic-lithologic reservoirs are the best in inherited sags with the largest exploration area,are medium in migratory sags,and are relatively poor in early prevailing sags with disadvantage hydrocarbon accumulation conditions. Various plays of stratigraphic-lithologic reservoirs formed by virtue of configuration between sedimentary systems and structural settings,and distributed in different zones,such as gentle slope belt,steep slope belt and trough belt. It is indicated that the zones of stratigraphic overlap denudation belt,lithofacies transition belt and lake strandline change belt are favorable for the formation of various lithologic or stratigraphic traps,and the changes of lithology,physical properties and contact relationships of sandstone reservoirs provide the favorable conditions for the development of lithologic-tratigraphic traps. The enrichment of"sweet spot"ofstratigraphic-lithologic reservoirs in groups and belts is controlled by favorable lithofacies belts and favorable diagenetic facies belts. The areas near the"five belts"(lake strandline change belt,lithofacies transition belt,stratigraphic overlap denudation belt,favorable lithofacies belt and favorable diagenetic facies belt)are the important targets for deepening the exploration of stratigraphic-lithologic reservoirs.
In order to understand the distribution law and controlling factors of stratigraphic-lithologic reservoirs in sags of Jizhong Depression,these sags were divided into three types(inherited type,migratory type and early prevailing type)according to their unique geological structures and sedimentary characteristics. It shows that the prospects of stratigraphic-lithologic reservoirs are the best in inherited sags with the largest exploration area,are medium in migratory sags,and are relatively poor in early prevailing sags with disadvantage hydrocarbon accumulation conditions. Various plays of stratigraphic-lithologic reservoirs formed by virtue of configuration between sedimentary systems and structural settings,and distributed in different zones,such as gentle slope belt,steep slope belt and trough belt. It is indicated that the zones of stratigraphic overlap denudation belt,lithofacies transition belt and lake strandline change belt are favorable for the formation of various lithologic or stratigraphic traps,and the changes of lithology,physical properties and contact relationships of sandstone reservoirs provide the favorable conditions for the development of lithologic-tratigraphic traps. The enrichment of"sweet spot"ofstratigraphic-lithologic reservoirs in groups and belts is controlled by favorable lithofacies belts and favorable diagenetic facies belts. The areas near the"five belts"(lake strandline change belt,lithofacies transition belt,stratigraphic overlap denudation belt,favorable lithofacies belt and favorable diagenetic facies belt)are the important targets for deepening the exploration of stratigraphic-lithologic reservoirs.
引文
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[16]宋璠,邱隆伟,苏妮娜,等.渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷古近系沙河街组二段沉积相特征及演化.石油与天然气地质,2016,37(4):499-508.SONG F,QIU L W,SU N N,et al.Features and evolution of sedimentary facies in the second member of Paelogen Shahejie Formation in Bonan Subsag,Bohai Bay Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(4):499-508.
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[18]林玉祥,赵承锦,朱传真,等.济阳坳陷惠民凹陷新生代沉积-沉降中心迁移规律及其机制.石油与天然气地质,2016,37(4):509-519.LIN Y X,ZHAO C J,ZHU C Z,et al.Migration pattern and geodynamic mechanism of Cenozoic depocenter and subsidence center in Huimin Sag,Bohai Bay Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(4):509-519.
[19]NEKVITNE T,BJФRLYKKE K.Secondary porosity in the Brent Group(Middle Jurassic),Huldra field,North Sea:implication for predicting lateral continuity of sandstone.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1992,62(1):23-34.
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[21]赵贤正,金凤鸣,刘震,等.二连盆地地层岩性油藏“多元控砂-四元成藏-主元富集”与勘探实践(Ⅰ)--“多元控砂”机理.岩性油气藏,2007,19(2):9-15.ZHAO X Z,JIN F M,LIU Z,et al.“Multi-factor controlling,four-factor entrapping and key-factor enrichment”of stratigraphic-lithologic reservoirs and exploration practice in Erlian Basin(Ⅰ)-“Multi-factor controlling”mechanism.Lithologic Reservoirs,2007,19(2):9-15.
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[23]王化爱.东营凹陷古近系岩性地层油气藏层序地层学特征.石油与天然气地质,2010,31(2):158-164.WANG H A.Sequence stratigraphic characteristics of the Paleocene lithologic and stratigraphic reservoirs in the Dongying Depression.Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(2):158-164.
[24]郭永强,刘洛夫.辽河西部凹陷沙三段岩性油气藏主控因素研究.岩性油气藏,2009,21(2):19-23.GUO Y Q,LIU L F.Controlling factors of lithologic reservoirs of Sha 3 member in West Sag of Liaohe Depression.Lithologic Reservoirs,2009,21(2):19-23.
[25]高先志,李晓光,李敬生,等.兴隆台地区沙三段砂体发育模式与岩性油气藏勘探.石油勘探与开发,2007,34(2):187-189.GAO X Z,LI X G,LI J S,et al.Sandstone distribution pattern and the exploration of lithologic reservoirs in the Es3member of Xinglongtai area,Liaohe Depression.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2007,34(2):187-189.
[2]薛良清.湖相盆地中的层序、体系域与隐蔽油气藏.石油与天然气地质,2002,23(2):118.XUE L Q.Sequences,system tracts,and subtle hydrocarbon pools in lacustrine basins.Oil&Gas Geology,2002,23(2):118.
[3]赵文智,张光亚,王红军.石油地质理论新进展及其在拓展勘探领域中的意义.石油学报,2005,26(1):3.ZHAO W Z,ZHANG G Y,WANG H J.New achievements of petroleum geology theory and its significances on expanding oil and gas exploration field.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(1):3.
[4]易士威.断陷盆地岩性地层油藏分布特征.石油学报,2005,26(1):39.YI S W.Distribution features of lithologic and stratigraphic reservoirs in fault-depression basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(1):39.
[5]董桂玉,何幼斌.陆相断陷盆地基准面调控下的古地貌要素耦合控砂机制.石油勘探与开发,2016,43(4):529.DONG G Y,HE Y B.Mechanism of sand body prediction in a continental rift basin by coupling paleogeomorphic elements under the control of base level.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(4):529.
[6]陈世悦,张顺,王永诗,等.渤海湾盆地东营凹陷古近系细粒沉积岩岩相类型及储集层特征.石油勘探与开发,2016,43(2):198-208.CHEN S Y,ZHANG S,WANG Y S,et al.Lithofacies types and reservoirs of Paleogene fine-grained sedimentary rocks in Dongying Sag,Bohai Bay Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(2):198-208.
[7]赵贤正,金凤鸣,李玉帮,等.断陷盆地斜坡带类型与油气运聚成藏机制.石油勘探与开发,2016,43(6):841-849.ZHAO X Z,JIN F M,LI Y B,et al.Slope belt types and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation mechanisms in rift basins.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(6):841-849.
[8]赵贤正,卢学军,王权.富油气凹陷的二次勘探.中国石油勘探,2010,15(2):1-7.ZHAO X Z,LU X J,WANG Q.Secondary exploration in oilrich sags.China Petroleum Exploration,2010,15(2):1-7.
[9]张文朝,杨德相,陈彦均,等.冀中坳陷古近系沉积构造特征与油气分布规律.地质学报,2008,82(8):1103-1112.ZHANG W C,YANG D X,CHEN Y J,et al.Sedimentary structural characteristics and hydrocarbon distributed rules of Jizhong Depression.Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(8):1103-1112.
[10]梁宏斌,崔周旗,卢学军,等.冀中坳陷沉积演化与岩性油气藏勘探.石油钻采工艺,2009,31(增刊1):1-8.LIANG H B,CUI Z Q,LU X J,et al.Depositional evolution and lithologic reservoir exploration in Jizhong Depression.Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2009,31(Suppl 1):1-8.
[11]赵力民,赵贤正,刘井旺,等.冀中坳陷古近系地层岩性油藏成藏特征与勘探方向.石油学报,2009,30(4):492-497.ZHAO L M,ZHAO X Z,LIU J W,et al.Characteristics of Paleogene stratigraphic and lithologic reservoirs and its exploration direction in Jizhong Depression.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(4):492-497.
[12]王权,金凤鸣,王素卿,等.饶阳凹陷岩性地层油藏控制因素与成藏模式.新疆石油地质,2008,29(5):595-598.WANG Q,JIN F M,WANG S Q,et al.Control factor and reservoir-forming pattern of lithologic-stratigraphic reservoirs in Raoyang Sag.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2008,29(5):595-598.
[13]田建章,李先平,崔永谦,等.断陷湖盆缓坡带岩性地层油藏模式及勘探实践--以冀中坳陷文安斜坡和蠡县斜坡为例.中国石油勘探,2010,15(2):24-28.TIAN J Z,LI X P,CUI Y Q,et al.Lithostratigraphic reservoir models and exploration practice in gentle slope zone of rift lacustrine basins.China Petroleum Exploration,2010,15(2):24-28.
[14]赵贤正,卢学军,崔周旗,等.断陷盆地斜坡带精细层序地层研究与勘探成效.地学前缘,2012,19(1):10-19.ZHAO X Z,LU X J,CUI Z Q,et al.Detailed research of fine sequence stratigraphy and exploration results in the slope zone of faulted basin.Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(1):10-19.
[15]张文朝,崔周旗,降栓奇,等.冀中坳陷古近系沉积、储层与油气.北京:石油工业出版社,2011:167-176.ZHANG W C,CUI Z Q,JIANG S Q,et al.Paleogene sedimentation,reservoir and hydrocarbon in Jizhong Depression.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011:167-176.
[16]宋璠,邱隆伟,苏妮娜,等.渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷古近系沙河街组二段沉积相特征及演化.石油与天然气地质,2016,37(4):499-508.SONG F,QIU L W,SU N N,et al.Features and evolution of sedimentary facies in the second member of Paelogen Shahejie Formation in Bonan Subsag,Bohai Bay Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(4):499-508.
[17]赵贤正,金凤鸣,王权,等.陆相断陷盆地洼槽聚油理论及其应用--以渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷和二连盆地为例.石油学报,2011,32(1):18-24.ZHAO X Z,JIN F M,WANG Q,et al.Theory of hydrocarbon accumulation in troughs within continental faulted basins and its application:a case study in Jizhong Depression and Erlian Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(1):18-24.
[18]林玉祥,赵承锦,朱传真,等.济阳坳陷惠民凹陷新生代沉积-沉降中心迁移规律及其机制.石油与天然气地质,2016,37(4):509-519.LIN Y X,ZHAO C J,ZHU C Z,et al.Migration pattern and geodynamic mechanism of Cenozoic depocenter and subsidence center in Huimin Sag,Bohai Bay Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(4):509-519.
[19]NEKVITNE T,BJФRLYKKE K.Secondary porosity in the Brent Group(Middle Jurassic),Huldra field,North Sea:implication for predicting lateral continuity of sandstone.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1992,62(1):23-34.
[20]FRANCA A B,ARAúJO L M,MAYNARD J B,et al.Secondary porosity formed by deep meteoric leaching:Botucatu eolianite,southern South America.AAPG Bulletin,2003,87(7):1073-1082.
[21]赵贤正,金凤鸣,刘震,等.二连盆地地层岩性油藏“多元控砂-四元成藏-主元富集”与勘探实践(Ⅰ)--“多元控砂”机理.岩性油气藏,2007,19(2):9-15.ZHAO X Z,JIN F M,LIU Z,et al.“Multi-factor controlling,four-factor entrapping and key-factor enrichment”of stratigraphic-lithologic reservoirs and exploration practice in Erlian Basin(Ⅰ)-“Multi-factor controlling”mechanism.Lithologic Reservoirs,2007,19(2):9-15.
[22]易士威,陈亚青.二连盆地坡折带的控相与控藏.岩性油气藏,2010,22(4):31-36.YI S W,CHEN Y Q.Effect of slope break belt on facies and reservoirs in Erlian Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2010,22(4):31-36.
[23]王化爱.东营凹陷古近系岩性地层油气藏层序地层学特征.石油与天然气地质,2010,31(2):158-164.WANG H A.Sequence stratigraphic characteristics of the Paleocene lithologic and stratigraphic reservoirs in the Dongying Depression.Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(2):158-164.
[24]郭永强,刘洛夫.辽河西部凹陷沙三段岩性油气藏主控因素研究.岩性油气藏,2009,21(2):19-23.GUO Y Q,LIU L F.Controlling factors of lithologic reservoirs of Sha 3 member in West Sag of Liaohe Depression.Lithologic Reservoirs,2009,21(2):19-23.
[25]高先志,李晓光,李敬生,等.兴隆台地区沙三段砂体发育模式与岩性油气藏勘探.石油勘探与开发,2007,34(2):187-189.GAO X Z,LI X G,LI J S,et al.Sandstone distribution pattern and the exploration of lithologic reservoirs in the Es3member of Xinglongtai area,Liaohe Depression.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2007,34(2):187-189.