浅埋偏压隧道地表沉降规律及其预测方法
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摘要
隧道地表沉降是围岩稳定性判断的重要依据,也是隧道施工监控量测的重要环节。浅埋偏压隧道地表沉降规律相对于非偏压隧道更为复杂,也更容易诱发安全事故,因此有必要进行深入研究。首先,文章基于最大主应力偏转理论,对偏压隧道偏压程度进行量化分析,提出了隧道偏压系数的概念及其计算方法。其次,建立等效分析计算模型,将浅埋偏压隧道地表沉降视为偏压地形和偏压荷载共同作用的叠加,并给出了分析计算方法和步骤。最后,通过现场实测资料进一步对浅埋偏压隧道地表沉降规律进行分析,并对预测结果进行验证。结果表明:偏压系数与地表偏压角、隧道埋深和地层侧压力系数有关;地表沉降曲线在偏压作用下会发生扭曲,最大沉降区域和影响范围都向深埋侧偏移;当偏压程度较大时,偏压作用易导致深埋侧地表出现开裂,浅埋侧地表出现错台。
Surface settlement is an important basis for judging stability of tunnel surrounding rock, and also the key item in tunnel construction monitoring and measurement. The surface settlement law of shallow-buried tunnels under asymmetrical pressures is more complicated and more likely to induce safety accidents compared to the symmetrical loading tunnels, and so it is necessary to conduct in-depth study. Based on the maximum principal stress deflection theory, firstly a quantitative analysis on the asymmetrical loading degree of a tunnel was carried out, the concept and calculation method of tunnel unsymmetrical pressure coefficient were proposed; secondly an equivalent calculation model was established, and the surface settlement of a shallow-buried tunnel under asymmetrical pressure was regarded as superposition of asymmetrical loading terrain and pressure, a calculation method and procedures were given; finally the surface settlement law of shallow-buried tunnels under asymmetrical pressure was further analyzed by field measurement data, and the prediction results were verified. The results show the unsymmetrical pressure coefficient is related to surface bias angle, tunnel overburden and lateral pressure coefficient; surface settlement curve will be twisted under effect of asymmetrical pressure, the maximum settlement area and influence range will be shifted towards the deep-buried side; if asymmetrical pressure is large, it′s easy to cause cracking of surface at deep buried side and staggering at the shallow-buried side.
Surface settlement is an important basis for judging stability of tunnel surrounding rock, and also the key item in tunnel construction monitoring and measurement. The surface settlement law of shallow-buried tunnels under asymmetrical pressures is more complicated and more likely to induce safety accidents compared to the symmetrical loading tunnels, and so it is necessary to conduct in-depth study. Based on the maximum principal stress deflection theory, firstly a quantitative analysis on the asymmetrical loading degree of a tunnel was carried out, the concept and calculation method of tunnel unsymmetrical pressure coefficient were proposed; secondly an equivalent calculation model was established, and the surface settlement of a shallow-buried tunnel under asymmetrical pressure was regarded as superposition of asymmetrical loading terrain and pressure, a calculation method and procedures were given; finally the surface settlement law of shallow-buried tunnels under asymmetrical pressure was further analyzed by field measurement data, and the prediction results were verified. The results show the unsymmetrical pressure coefficient is related to surface bias angle, tunnel overburden and lateral pressure coefficient; surface settlement curve will be twisted under effect of asymmetrical pressure, the maximum settlement area and influence range will be shifted towards the deep-buried side; if asymmetrical pressure is large, it′s easy to cause cracking of surface at deep buried side and staggering at the shallow-buried side.
引文
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[13]杨超,张永兴,黄达,等.地形偏压隧道开挖变形特征及预加固措施[J].公路交通科技,2012,29(7):97-103.YANG Chao,ZHANG Yongxing,HUANG Da,et al.Deformation Behavior of Topographic Unsymmetrical Loaded Tunnel after Excavation and Its Pre-reinforcement[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2012,29(7):97-103.
[14]王祥秋,杨林德,高文华.高速公路偏压隧道施工动态监测与有限元仿真模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(1):284-289.WANG Xiangqiu,YANG Linde,GAO Wenhua.Dynamic Monitoring and FEM Simulation Analysis of an Expressway Tunnel with Unsymmetrical Loadings[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(1):284-289.
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[2]韩煊,李宁,J.R.Standing.Peck公式在我国隧道施工地面变形预测中的适用性分析[J].岩土力学,2007,28(1):23-29.HAN Xuan,LI Ning,J R STANDING.An Adaptability Study of Gaussian Equation Applied to Predicting Ground Settlements Induced by Tunnelling in China[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(1):23-29.
[3]潘龙,王建国,陈陆望.连拱隧道浅埋偏压段的受力和变形机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(S2):3557-3566.PAN Long,WANG Jianguo,CHEN Luwang.Research on Stress and Deformation Mechanisms of Shallow Section with Unsymmetrical Loading of Multi-arch Tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(S2):3557-3566.
[4]孙洋,陈建,平余莉,等.浅埋偏压隧道软岩大变形机理及施工控制分析[J].现代隧道技术,2013,50(5):169-175.SUN Yang,CHEN Jian,PING Yuli,et al.Analysis of the Large Deformation Mechanism of a Shallow-buried Unsymmetrical Loading Tunnel in Soft Rock and Construction Controls[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2013,50(5):169-175.
[5]陈思阳,朱彦鹏,李忠.大断面黄土偏压隧道开挖侧向边坡稳定性影响分析[J].现代隧道技术,2014,51(1):82-89.CHEN Siyang,ZHU Yanpeng,LI Zhong,et al.Analysis of Lateral Slope Stability during Construction of a Loess Tunnel with a Large Section[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2014,51(1):82-89.
[6]杨灵,韩立军,蔚立元.浅埋隧道洞El段IV级围岩开挖方案比选数值分析[J].现代隧道技术,2013,50(1):67-72.YANG Ling,HAN Lijun,WEI Liyuan.Numerical Analysis of the Scheme for the Portal Excavation of a Shallow Tunnel in a Grade IV Rock Mass[J].Modem Tunnelling Technology,2013,50(1):67-72.
[7]祁寒,高波,王帅帅,等.不同地质条件浅埋偏压小净距隧道施工力学效应研究[J].现代隧道技术,2014,51(4):108-112.QI Han,GAO Bo,WANG Shuaishuai,et al.Mechanical Behaviors of a Shallow-bias Tunnel with a Small Clear Distance in Different Geological Conditions[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2014,51(4):108-112.
[8]赵永国,邵生俊,韩常领.浅埋、偏压隧道开挖施工方案的仿真分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(S2):509-513.ZHAO Yongguo,SHAO Shengjun,HAN Changling.Simulation on Different Excavation Construction of the Shallow-buried Tunnel under the Uneven Rock Pressure[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(S2):509-513.
[9]刘小军,张永兴.浅埋偏压隧道洞口段合理开挖工序及受力特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(S1):3066-3063.LIU Xiaojun,ZHANG Yongxing.Analysis of Reasonable Excavation Sequence and Stress Characteristics of Portal Section of Shallow Tunnel with Unsymmetrical Loadings[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(S1):3066-3063
[10]丁文其,王晓形,李志刚,等.龙山浅埋大跨度连拱隧道施工方案优化分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(22):4042-4047.DING Wenqi,WANG Xiaoxing,LI Zhigang,et al.Optimal Analysis of Construction Schemes for Shallow Large Span Longshan Twin Tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(22):4042-4047.
[11]王英学,周佳媚,高波.偏压滑坡地段围岩受力特征测试分析[J].岩土力学,2002,23(6):792-794.WANG Yingxue,ZHOU Jiamei,GAO Bo.Measurement and Analysis of Stress Conditions of Tunnel Surrounding Rock Masses at Deviation Pressured Landslide Section[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23(6):792-794.
[12]雷明锋,彭立敏,施成华,等.浅埋偏压隧道衬砌受力特征及破坏机制试验研究[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(8):3316-3325.LEI Mingfeng,PENG Limin,SHI Chenghua,et al.Model Research on Failure Mechanism and Lining Stress Characteristics of Shallow Buried Tunnel under Unsymmetrical Pressure[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2013,44(8):3316-3325.
[13]杨超,张永兴,黄达,等.地形偏压隧道开挖变形特征及预加固措施[J].公路交通科技,2012,29(7):97-103.YANG Chao,ZHANG Yongxing,HUANG Da,et al.Deformation Behavior of Topographic Unsymmetrical Loaded Tunnel after Excavation and Its Pre-reinforcement[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2012,29(7):97-103.
[14]王祥秋,杨林德,高文华.高速公路偏压隧道施工动态监测与有限元仿真模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(1):284-289.WANG Xiangqiu,YANG Linde,GAO Wenhua.Dynamic Monitoring and FEM Simulation Analysis of an Expressway Tunnel with Unsymmetrical Loadings[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(1):284-289.
[15]张克恭,刘松玉.土力学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011.ZHANG Kegong,LIU Songyu.Soil Mechanics[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2011.
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