新全球构造观中几个问题的探讨
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摘要
开合运动是地球上一切地质体运动的基本形式。由于开合运动同步统一的特征,它包容了垂直运动与水平运动,故开合运动的内涵更深,应用更广;由于开合运动的相互转换特征,垂直运动也是动态相互转换,很难确定地球或某个地区的开与合或垂直运动与水平运动的主次关系,只能按某一阶段它们的主次关系进行构造分区,在这种分区中,按垂直运动与水平运动观点划分的构造单元往往不能反映构造的本质特征,因而建立在垂直运动与水平运动之上的固定论和活动论之争无实际意义。开合运动的相互转换特征及转换带的时空定位有重大的理论和实践意义。开合运动和旋转运动是地球最基本、最重要的运动形式,合称为开合旋运动,在它的长期作用下形成动态的、相对稳定的层圈结构和各种地质构造,称之为开合旋构造体系,开合旋构造体系一度或局部被破坏,经调整达到新平衡的过程称之为地球构造运动,因此构造运动是突发的、短暂的、区域性的;而将充满地球时空、重要非凡的开合旋运动叫地球运动。地球构造运动的内因主要是热能和重力能,核幔交接区是以热能和重力能为主的综合能量形成和聚集的基地,是地球构造运动的策源地。开合运动是地球的本质特征,旋转运动是地球形成及演化的必要条件,开合旋运动塑造了一个内容丰富、生机勃勃、动态发展的开合旋构造体系。
Of all geological body movements,opening-closing movement is the major form of the Earth.Due to the synchronism and unity characteristics of the opening-closing movement,including both vertical and horizontal movements,the movement intension should be much deeper and thus the opening-closing movement should have a wider application.Under this condition the controversy between fixism and mobilism based on vertical and horizontal movements should be of little practical significance.The mutual transforming characteristics between opening and closing movements and the spatial positioning of the transformation zone are of great theoretical and practical significance.Opening-closing and rotationing movements are the most important essential forms of the Earth′s movement and can be,in brief,named as opening-closing rotationing movement.Under the long term effort of this movement the relatively stable,dynamic spherical layering and various geological structures are formed,known as the opening-closing-rotationing tectonic system.The once or local destruction of the this tectonic system can be readjusted to reach a new equilibrium.This process is known as Earth's tectonic movement.Therefore,a tectonic movement is paroxysmal,temporal and regional;and the extraordinary important opening-closing-ratationing movement widespread in time and space in the Earth is named as Earth movement.The internal factor of the Earth tectonic movement is thermal energy and gravitational force energy.The core-mantle boundary is a comprehensive base for the forming and accumulating of thermal energy and gravitational force energy which is the hotbed of the earth tectonic movement.Opening-closingmovement is the substantial property of the Earth.Rotational movement is the prerequisite for the formation of the Earth.Opening-closingratationing movement has modeled a rich content,full of vitality and dynamically developing opening-closing-rotationing tectonic system.
Of all geological body movements,opening-closing movement is the major form of the Earth.Due to the synchronism and unity characteristics of the opening-closing movement,including both vertical and horizontal movements,the movement intension should be much deeper and thus the opening-closing movement should have a wider application.Under this condition the controversy between fixism and mobilism based on vertical and horizontal movements should be of little practical significance.The mutual transforming characteristics between opening and closing movements and the spatial positioning of the transformation zone are of great theoretical and practical significance.Opening-closing and rotationing movements are the most important essential forms of the Earth′s movement and can be,in brief,named as opening-closing rotationing movement.Under the long term effort of this movement the relatively stable,dynamic spherical layering and various geological structures are formed,known as the opening-closing-rotationing tectonic system.The once or local destruction of the this tectonic system can be readjusted to reach a new equilibrium.This process is known as Earth's tectonic movement.Therefore,a tectonic movement is paroxysmal,temporal and regional;and the extraordinary important opening-closing-ratationing movement widespread in time and space in the Earth is named as Earth movement.The internal factor of the Earth tectonic movement is thermal energy and gravitational force energy.The core-mantle boundary is a comprehensive base for the forming and accumulating of thermal energy and gravitational force energy which is the hotbed of the earth tectonic movement.Opening-closingmovement is the substantial property of the Earth.Rotational movement is the prerequisite for the formation of the Earth.Opening-closingratationing movement has modeled a rich content,full of vitality and dynamically developing opening-closing-rotationing tectonic system.
引文
[1]黄汲清,姜春发,王作勋.新疆及临区板块开合构造及手风琴式运动[J].新疆地质科学,1990(1):3-14.
[2]张文佑,张抗.中国及邻区海域中、新生代盆地变型及含油气远景[C]∥翟光明.北京石油地质会议报告论文集.北京:石油工业出版社,1987:20-32.
[3]МаСинюань,ЯнВуэжань.НекоторыеосновныевопросыгеотектоникиКитая[J].Scientia Sinica,1962,11(4):529-548.
[4]杨巍然,郭铁鹰,马杏垣.中国大地构造演化中的“开”与“合”[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,1984,9(3):39-53.
[5]杨巍然.东秦岭开合史[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,1987,12(5):488-494.
[6]姜春发,杨经绥,冯秉贵,等.昆仑开合构造[M].北京:地质出版社,1992:1-224.
[7]张抗.塔里木:一个经历了多次开合旋回的复杂结构盆地[C]∥塔里木盆地油气勘查文集(纪念沙参二井油气重大突破十周年).乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社;香港:文化教育出版社,1994:51-57.
[8]陈哲夫,成守德,梁云海,等.新疆开合构造与成矿[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1997:356.
[9]郭铁鹰,梁定益,张宜智,等.西藏阿里地质[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1991:1-464.
[10]郑剑东,杨巍然,郭铁鹰.中国大地构造图(1∶1 400万)[M]∥马杏垣.中国岩石圈动力学图集.北京:中国地图出版社,1989:4.
[11]袁哲平.洲际开合配对构造[M]∥马宗晋,杨主恩,吴正文.构造地质学:岩石圈动力学研究进展.北京:地震出版社,1999:138-148.
[12]王宗秀,李涛.新疆博格达山链新生代再生造山机理:岩石圈内切层开合造山带的典型代表[J].地质通报,2004,23(3):286-293.
[13]徐志刚.华南晚前寒武纪剪刀式开合构造及其动力学[J].地质学报,1995,69(4):285-295.
[14]邱小平.广西云开大山地区开合旋回转换与金成矿的关系[J].地质通报,2004,23(3):272-278.
[15]朱松年,吴海.北秦岭造山带的构造开合[M].北京:大地出版社,2009:146.
[16]徐新.概论新疆开合构造[J].新疆地质,1998,16(1):1-12.
[17]梁云海,李文铅,李卫东.新疆准噶尔造山带多旋回开合构造特征[J].地质通报,2004,23(3):279-285.
[18]刘育燕,杨巍然,杨志华.华北、秦岭及扬子陆块的若干古地磁研究结果[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,1993,18(5):635-641.
[19]邓清禄,杨巍然.陆内造山带“开”“合”时序演化的地球化学表征:桐柏北坡二郎坪群例析[J].地质地球化学,1996(6):53-59.
[20]Zhang W H,Yang W R.Application of fluid inclusions in tectonic geology[J].Chinese Journal of Geochemistry,1998,7(2):183-188.
[21]张旺生,杨巍然.北祁连西段遥感构造定量分析与金铜矿化关系[J].地质科技情报,1997,16(增刊):65-72.
[22]刘忠明,杨巍然.剪切带中流体与金矿成矿作用的关系[J].地质科技情报,1997,16(4):69-74.
[23]邱家骧.开合构造与岩浆活动[J].地质通报,1994,23(3):222-231.
[24]杨坤光,徐亚军,杨奎锋.开合构造环境下花岗岩体的构造样式与变形差异[J].地质通报,2003,23(3):246-249.
[25]周雁,汤良杰.开合构造与沉积层序结构样式[J].地质通报,2004,23(3):250-253.
[26]匡文龙.西昆仑密西西比河谷型Pb、Zn型矿成矿地质条件分析与成矿远景预测[M].北京:地质出版社,2006:1-119.
[27]王杰,曾佐勋,贺赤诚,等.天水地震核心区的确定及其特征和意义[J].地学前缘,2014,21(4):293-302.
[28]邢集善,杨巍然,邢作云,等.中国东部深部构造特征及其与矿集区关系[J].地学前缘,2007,14(3):114-130.
[29]曾佐勋,王杰.庐山地震:一个成功的中期预测案例[J].地学前缘,2013,20(3):21-24.
[30]余良耘.评开合构造研究中的辩证思维[J].地质通报,2004,23(3):298-302.
[31]杨巍然,郑剑东.中国开合构造研究的回顾与展望[J].地质科技情报,2002,21(4):31-34.
[32]Yang W R,Zhang J D.Panorama of the opening-closing tectonics theory in China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2004,78(6):1229-1234.
[33]明镜,胡一鸣.爱因斯坦世纪预言终获验证,LIGO首次直接探测到引力波[EB/OL].(2016-02-12)[2016-05-02].http:∥news.k618.cn/kx/201602/t20160212_6703544.html.
[34]French S W,Romanowicz B.Broad plumes rooted at the base of the Earth′s mantle beneath major hotspots[J].Nature,2015,525(3):95.
[35]Garnero E,McNamara A,Shim S H.Continent-sized anomalous zones with low seismic volocity at the base of Earth′s mantle[J/OL].Nature Geoscience,2016,doi:10.1038/ngeo 2733.
[36]杨巍然,王杰,梁晓.亚洲大地构造特征和演化规律[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):1-17.
[37]王杰,曾佐勋,杨巍然,等.天水地震核心区的确定及其特征和意义[J].地学前缘,2014,21(4):203-302.
[38]杨巍然,曾佐勋,李德威,等.板内地震过程的三层次模式[J].地学前缘,2009,16(1):206-217.
[2]张文佑,张抗.中国及邻区海域中、新生代盆地变型及含油气远景[C]∥翟光明.北京石油地质会议报告论文集.北京:石油工业出版社,1987:20-32.
[3]МаСинюань,ЯнВуэжань.НекоторыеосновныевопросыгеотектоникиКитая[J].Scientia Sinica,1962,11(4):529-548.
[4]杨巍然,郭铁鹰,马杏垣.中国大地构造演化中的“开”与“合”[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,1984,9(3):39-53.
[5]杨巍然.东秦岭开合史[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,1987,12(5):488-494.
[6]姜春发,杨经绥,冯秉贵,等.昆仑开合构造[M].北京:地质出版社,1992:1-224.
[7]张抗.塔里木:一个经历了多次开合旋回的复杂结构盆地[C]∥塔里木盆地油气勘查文集(纪念沙参二井油气重大突破十周年).乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社;香港:文化教育出版社,1994:51-57.
[8]陈哲夫,成守德,梁云海,等.新疆开合构造与成矿[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1997:356.
[9]郭铁鹰,梁定益,张宜智,等.西藏阿里地质[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1991:1-464.
[10]郑剑东,杨巍然,郭铁鹰.中国大地构造图(1∶1 400万)[M]∥马杏垣.中国岩石圈动力学图集.北京:中国地图出版社,1989:4.
[11]袁哲平.洲际开合配对构造[M]∥马宗晋,杨主恩,吴正文.构造地质学:岩石圈动力学研究进展.北京:地震出版社,1999:138-148.
[12]王宗秀,李涛.新疆博格达山链新生代再生造山机理:岩石圈内切层开合造山带的典型代表[J].地质通报,2004,23(3):286-293.
[13]徐志刚.华南晚前寒武纪剪刀式开合构造及其动力学[J].地质学报,1995,69(4):285-295.
[14]邱小平.广西云开大山地区开合旋回转换与金成矿的关系[J].地质通报,2004,23(3):272-278.
[15]朱松年,吴海.北秦岭造山带的构造开合[M].北京:大地出版社,2009:146.
[16]徐新.概论新疆开合构造[J].新疆地质,1998,16(1):1-12.
[17]梁云海,李文铅,李卫东.新疆准噶尔造山带多旋回开合构造特征[J].地质通报,2004,23(3):279-285.
[18]刘育燕,杨巍然,杨志华.华北、秦岭及扬子陆块的若干古地磁研究结果[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,1993,18(5):635-641.
[19]邓清禄,杨巍然.陆内造山带“开”“合”时序演化的地球化学表征:桐柏北坡二郎坪群例析[J].地质地球化学,1996(6):53-59.
[20]Zhang W H,Yang W R.Application of fluid inclusions in tectonic geology[J].Chinese Journal of Geochemistry,1998,7(2):183-188.
[21]张旺生,杨巍然.北祁连西段遥感构造定量分析与金铜矿化关系[J].地质科技情报,1997,16(增刊):65-72.
[22]刘忠明,杨巍然.剪切带中流体与金矿成矿作用的关系[J].地质科技情报,1997,16(4):69-74.
[23]邱家骧.开合构造与岩浆活动[J].地质通报,1994,23(3):222-231.
[24]杨坤光,徐亚军,杨奎锋.开合构造环境下花岗岩体的构造样式与变形差异[J].地质通报,2003,23(3):246-249.
[25]周雁,汤良杰.开合构造与沉积层序结构样式[J].地质通报,2004,23(3):250-253.
[26]匡文龙.西昆仑密西西比河谷型Pb、Zn型矿成矿地质条件分析与成矿远景预测[M].北京:地质出版社,2006:1-119.
[27]王杰,曾佐勋,贺赤诚,等.天水地震核心区的确定及其特征和意义[J].地学前缘,2014,21(4):293-302.
[28]邢集善,杨巍然,邢作云,等.中国东部深部构造特征及其与矿集区关系[J].地学前缘,2007,14(3):114-130.
[29]曾佐勋,王杰.庐山地震:一个成功的中期预测案例[J].地学前缘,2013,20(3):21-24.
[30]余良耘.评开合构造研究中的辩证思维[J].地质通报,2004,23(3):298-302.
[31]杨巍然,郑剑东.中国开合构造研究的回顾与展望[J].地质科技情报,2002,21(4):31-34.
[32]Yang W R,Zhang J D.Panorama of the opening-closing tectonics theory in China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2004,78(6):1229-1234.
[33]明镜,胡一鸣.爱因斯坦世纪预言终获验证,LIGO首次直接探测到引力波[EB/OL].(2016-02-12)[2016-05-02].http:∥news.k618.cn/kx/201602/t20160212_6703544.html.
[34]French S W,Romanowicz B.Broad plumes rooted at the base of the Earth′s mantle beneath major hotspots[J].Nature,2015,525(3):95.
[35]Garnero E,McNamara A,Shim S H.Continent-sized anomalous zones with low seismic volocity at the base of Earth′s mantle[J/OL].Nature Geoscience,2016,doi:10.1038/ngeo 2733.
[36]杨巍然,王杰,梁晓.亚洲大地构造特征和演化规律[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):1-17.
[37]王杰,曾佐勋,杨巍然,等.天水地震核心区的确定及其特征和意义[J].地学前缘,2014,21(4):203-302.
[38]杨巍然,曾佐勋,李德威,等.板内地震过程的三层次模式[J].地学前缘,2009,16(1):206-217.