谱白化叠加方法在气枪信号检测中的应用
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摘要
主动源气枪信号具有绿色环保,低频信号丰富,传播距离远,高重复性的特点,广泛运用于区域尺度深部探测和介质变化监测中.如何准确和高效的识别信号是气枪信号处理的难点也是重点.检测信号的能力取决于观测记录的信噪比,通常为了提高地震记录的信噪比,常用的方法有滤波,去噪和叠加.针对具有高重复性的气枪信号,通过叠加的手段提高信号信噪比.文中基于气枪信号的特征,推导了谱白化叠加与窄带线性叠加的等价关系,从数值模拟和实际气枪记录的角度,对线性叠加、谱白化叠加和加权叠加在信号捡拾能力方面进行了分析和研究.结果表明:相比于线性叠加和加权叠加,谱白化叠加具有与模版信号相似程度高,对弱信号捡拾能力强的特点,但是对于高信噪比信号,线性叠加的效果更好.另一方面,对实际记录分析验证了数值模拟分析的正确性、合理性.因此针对气枪信号近场应采用线性叠加,远场应采用白躁化叠加.而针对地震剖面中信号连续追踪可采用加权叠加结果,这是因为加权叠加提高信噪比最为明显;震相拾取建议采用线性叠加或谱白化叠加结果,这是因为以上两种方法不会产生相位偏移和相位畸变.
The active source gun signal has many advantages,such as environmental protection,low frequency signal,high propagation distance and high repeatability. It is widely used in deep detection and monitoring media changes of regional scale. How to identify signals accurately and efficiently is the key point of air gun signal processing. The ability to detect signals depends on the signal to noise ratio of observed records. In order to improve the signal-tonoise ratio of seismic records,filtering,denoising and superposition are often used. In order to improve the Signal to Noise Ratio( SNR)of gun signals with high repetition,the method of superposition is adopted to improve the signal to noise ratio. Here,we based on the characteristics of air gun signal,derived equivalence relation between linear superposition and spectrum whitening. From the point of view of numerical simulation and actual air gun recording,we analyze and study the signal pickup ability of linear superposition,spectral whitening superposition and weighted superposition. The result shows that: compared to the linear superposition and weighted superposition,spectrum whitening and template signal superimposed with high degree of similarity,the weak signal pickup ability. However,these capabilities have certain scope of application. On the other hand,the correctness and rationality of the numerical simulation analysis are verified by the analysis of the actual record. Therefore,the linear superposition of the near field of gun signal should be adopted,and the far field should be spectrum whitening. The signal in seismic section continuous tracking can be used weighted superposition of results,this is because the weighted sum of SNR is most obvious; seismic phase suggested by linear superposition or spectral whitening results,this is because of the above two methods will not produce phase shift and phase distortion.
The active source gun signal has many advantages,such as environmental protection,low frequency signal,high propagation distance and high repeatability. It is widely used in deep detection and monitoring media changes of regional scale. How to identify signals accurately and efficiently is the key point of air gun signal processing. The ability to detect signals depends on the signal to noise ratio of observed records. In order to improve the signal-tonoise ratio of seismic records,filtering,denoising and superposition are often used. In order to improve the Signal to Noise Ratio( SNR)of gun signals with high repetition,the method of superposition is adopted to improve the signal to noise ratio. Here,we based on the characteristics of air gun signal,derived equivalence relation between linear superposition and spectrum whitening. From the point of view of numerical simulation and actual air gun recording,we analyze and study the signal pickup ability of linear superposition,spectral whitening superposition and weighted superposition. The result shows that: compared to the linear superposition and weighted superposition,spectrum whitening and template signal superimposed with high degree of similarity,the weak signal pickup ability. However,these capabilities have certain scope of application. On the other hand,the correctness and rationality of the numerical simulation analysis are verified by the analysis of the actual record. Therefore,the linear superposition of the near field of gun signal should be adopted,and the far field should be spectrum whitening. The signal in seismic section continuous tracking can be used weighted superposition of results,this is because the weighted sum of SNR is most obvious; seismic phase suggested by linear superposition or spectral whitening results,this is because of the above two methods will not produce phase shift and phase distortion.
引文
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TANG Jie.2008.Study on active source character and weak signal detection in reginal scale deep exploration(in Chinese)[Ph.D.thesis].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China.
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TANG Jie,WANG Bao-Shan,GE Hong-Kui,et al.2009a.Study of experiment and simulation of large volume air-gun in deep structures exploration[J].Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),25(1):1-10.
WANG Bao-Shan,Wang Wei-tao,GE Hong-Kui,et al.2011.Monitoring subsurface changes with active sources[J].Advances in Earth Science(in Chinese),26(3):249-256.
WANG Wei-Tao.2009.Using active source to study the velocity character of media in regional scale(in Chinese)[Ph.D.thesis].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China.
XIA Ji,JIN Xing,CAI Hui-Teng,et al.2016.The timefrequency characteristic of large volume airgun source wavelet and its influencing factors[J].Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),32(2):249-260.
YANG Wei,WANG Bao-Shan,GE Hong-Kui,et al.2013.The active monitoring system with large volume airgun source and experiment[J].Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),29(4):399-410.
YAO Dao-Ping,ZHANG Yi-Feng,YAN Pei,et al.2016.The Taiwan Strait large capacity air-gun onshore offshore experiment[J].Earthquake Science(in Chinese),38(2):167-178.
ZHANG Jia-Zheng,ZHAO Ming-Hui,QIU Xue-Lin,et al.2012.OBSseismic data processing and preliminary results on the hydrothermal field of the Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),31(3):79-89.
陈颙,朱日祥.2005.设立“地下明灯研究计划”的建议[J].地球科学进展,20(5):485-489.
邓攻,梁锋,李晓婷,等.2015.S变换谱分解技术在深反射地震弱信号提取中的应用[J].地球物理学报,58(12):4594-4604,doi:10.6038/cjg20151221.
林建民,王宝善,葛洪魁,等.2008.大容量气枪震源特征及地震波传播的震相分析[J].地球物理学报,51(1):206-212.
罗桂纯,王宝善,葛洪魁,等.2006.气枪震源在地球深部结构探测中的应用研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,21(2):400-407.
丘学林,赵明辉,叶春明,等.2003.南海东北部海陆联测与海底地震仪探测[J].大地构造与成矿学,27(4):295-300.
曲中党,吴蔚,贺日政,等.2015.基于S变换的软阈值滤波在深地震反射数据处理中的应用[J].地球物理学报,58(9):3157-3168,doi:10.6038/cjg20150912.
唐杰.2008.区域尺度深部探测中的人工源震源特性及信号检测研究[博士论文].合肥:中国科学技术大学.
唐杰,王宝善,葛洪魁,等.2009a.大容量气枪震源的实验与模拟研究[J].中国地震,25(1):1-10.
唐杰,葛洪魁,王宝善,等.2009b.人工地震信号检测中相位信息的利用[J].大地测量与地球动力学,29(3):74-76,79.
王宝善,王伟涛,葛洪魁,等.2011.人工震源地下介质变化动态监测[J].地球科学进展,26(3):249-256.
王伟涛.2009.基于人工震源的区域尺度介质波速探测研究[博士论文].合肥:中国科学技术大学.
夏季,金星,蔡辉腾,等.2016.大容量气枪震源子波时频特性及其影响因素[J].中国地震,32(2):249-260.
杨微,王宝善,葛洪魁,等.2013.大容量气枪震源主动探测技术系统及试验研究[J].中国地震,29(4):399-410.
姚道平,张艺峰,闫培,等.2016.台湾海峡大容量气枪震源海陆联测初探[J].地震学报,38(2):167-178.
张佳政,赵明辉,丘学林,等.2012.西南印度洋洋中脊热液A区海底地震仪数据处理初步成果[J].热带海洋学报,31(3):79-89,doi:10.6038/cjg20150912.
CHEN Yong,ZHU Ri-Xiang.2005.Proposed project of“underground bright lump”[J].Advances in Earth Science(in Chinese),20(5):485-489.
DENG Gong,LIANG Feng,LI Xiao-Ting,et al.2015.S-transform spectrum decomposition technique in the application of the extraction of weak seismic signals[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(12):4594-4604,doi:10.6038/cjg20151221.
LIN Jian-Min,WANG Bao-Shan,GE Hong-Kui,et al.2008.Study on large volume airgun source characteristics and seismic phase analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),51(1):206-212.
LUO Gui-Chun,WANG Bao-Shan,GE Hong-Kui,et al.2006.Progress in earth’s deep structures exploration by air gun source[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),21(2):400-407.
Mcintosh K,Nakamura Y,Wang T K,et al.2005.Crustal-scale seismic profiles across Taiwan and the western Philippine Sea[J].Tectonophysics,401(1-2):23-54.
QIU Xue-Lin,ZHAO Ming-Hui,YE Chun-Ming,et al.2003.Ocean Bottom seismometer and onshore-offshore seismic experiment in northeastern south China sea[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia(in Chinese),27(4):295-300.
QU Zhong-Dang,WU Wei,HE Ri-Zheng,et al.2015.Soft threshold filter based on S transform and its application to data processing of deep seismic reflection[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(9):3157-3168,doi:10.6038/cjg20150912.
Stern T,Okaya D,Scherwath M.2002.Structure and strength of a continental transform from onshore-offshore seismic profiling of South Island,New Zealand[J].Earth,Planets and Space,54(11):1011-1019.
TANG Jie.2008.Study on active source character and weak signal detection in reginal scale deep exploration(in Chinese)[Ph.D.thesis].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China.
TANG Jie,GE Hong-Kui,WANG Bao-Shan,et al.2009b.Application of phase information to signal detection of artificial seismic source[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),29(3):74-76,79.
TANG Jie,WANG Bao-Shan,GE Hong-Kui,et al.2009a.Study of experiment and simulation of large volume air-gun in deep structures exploration[J].Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),25(1):1-10.
WANG Bao-Shan,Wang Wei-tao,GE Hong-Kui,et al.2011.Monitoring subsurface changes with active sources[J].Advances in Earth Science(in Chinese),26(3):249-256.
WANG Wei-Tao.2009.Using active source to study the velocity character of media in regional scale(in Chinese)[Ph.D.thesis].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China.
XIA Ji,JIN Xing,CAI Hui-Teng,et al.2016.The timefrequency characteristic of large volume airgun source wavelet and its influencing factors[J].Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),32(2):249-260.
YANG Wei,WANG Bao-Shan,GE Hong-Kui,et al.2013.The active monitoring system with large volume airgun source and experiment[J].Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),29(4):399-410.
YAO Dao-Ping,ZHANG Yi-Feng,YAN Pei,et al.2016.The Taiwan Strait large capacity air-gun onshore offshore experiment[J].Earthquake Science(in Chinese),38(2):167-178.
ZHANG Jia-Zheng,ZHAO Ming-Hui,QIU Xue-Lin,et al.2012.OBSseismic data processing and preliminary results on the hydrothermal field of the Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),31(3):79-89.
陈颙,朱日祥.2005.设立“地下明灯研究计划”的建议[J].地球科学进展,20(5):485-489.
邓攻,梁锋,李晓婷,等.2015.S变换谱分解技术在深反射地震弱信号提取中的应用[J].地球物理学报,58(12):4594-4604,doi:10.6038/cjg20151221.
林建民,王宝善,葛洪魁,等.2008.大容量气枪震源特征及地震波传播的震相分析[J].地球物理学报,51(1):206-212.
罗桂纯,王宝善,葛洪魁,等.2006.气枪震源在地球深部结构探测中的应用研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,21(2):400-407.
丘学林,赵明辉,叶春明,等.2003.南海东北部海陆联测与海底地震仪探测[J].大地构造与成矿学,27(4):295-300.
曲中党,吴蔚,贺日政,等.2015.基于S变换的软阈值滤波在深地震反射数据处理中的应用[J].地球物理学报,58(9):3157-3168,doi:10.6038/cjg20150912.
唐杰.2008.区域尺度深部探测中的人工源震源特性及信号检测研究[博士论文].合肥:中国科学技术大学.
唐杰,王宝善,葛洪魁,等.2009a.大容量气枪震源的实验与模拟研究[J].中国地震,25(1):1-10.
唐杰,葛洪魁,王宝善,等.2009b.人工地震信号检测中相位信息的利用[J].大地测量与地球动力学,29(3):74-76,79.
王宝善,王伟涛,葛洪魁,等.2011.人工震源地下介质变化动态监测[J].地球科学进展,26(3):249-256.
王伟涛.2009.基于人工震源的区域尺度介质波速探测研究[博士论文].合肥:中国科学技术大学.
夏季,金星,蔡辉腾,等.2016.大容量气枪震源子波时频特性及其影响因素[J].中国地震,32(2):249-260.
杨微,王宝善,葛洪魁,等.2013.大容量气枪震源主动探测技术系统及试验研究[J].中国地震,29(4):399-410.
姚道平,张艺峰,闫培,等.2016.台湾海峡大容量气枪震源海陆联测初探[J].地震学报,38(2):167-178.
张佳政,赵明辉,丘学林,等.2012.西南印度洋洋中脊热液A区海底地震仪数据处理初步成果[J].热带海洋学报,31(3):79-89,doi:10.6038/cjg20150912.
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