利用GRACE监测中国区域干旱及其影响因素分析
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摘要
利用2003-01～2012-12的GRACE时变地球重力场模型计算我国长江中下游平原、西南地区和华北平原陆地水储量变化的时间序列。结果表明,长江中下游平原和华北平原的陆地水储量变化量最低值在2011-05,西南地区最低值在2010-03。根据陆地水储量变化的水平衡原理计算3个区域地下水储量变化情况。结果表明,长江中下游平原和西南地区地下水储量呈缓慢增长的趋势,增长速率分别为0.54 mm/月和0.34 mm/月;华北地区呈缓慢减小的趋势,减小速率为0.33 mm/月。3个区域干旱时期地下水储量的亏损情况分别为:长江中下游平原-21.31 mm/月,华北平原-19.88 mm/月,西南地区-15.72mm/月。最后,用NOAA发布的月降雨和气温数据对3个区域干旱期间的降雨量和蒸发量进行量化,分析3次干旱产生的原因。结果表明,西南地区2010年春季干旱的主要原因是气温异常,长江中下游平原和华北平原2011年干旱的主要原因是降雨量偏少。
In order to study the drought conditions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river, the southwestern region, and the north China plain, we use the GRACE time-varying earth gravity field model from 2003-01 to 2012-12 to calculate the changes in the terrestrial water reserves of the three regions. The results show the lowest value of land water storage change of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river plain and the north China plain occur in May 2011, and in the southwest region the lowest value is in March 2010. According to the water balance principle of land water reserves change, we calculate the changes of groundwater reserves in the three regions. The groundwater reserves in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river and the southwestern region are slowly increasing with rates of 0.54 mm/month and 0.34 mm/month. The trend reduces to a rate of 0.33 mm/month in the north China plain. The loss of groundwater reserves in the three regions during the dry period are:-21.31 mm/month in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river,-19.88 mm/month in the north China plain, and-15.72 mm/month in the southwest. Finally, we use the monthly rainfall and temperature data released by NOAA to quantify the rainfall and evaporation in the three regions during the drought period. The main cause of drought in the southwestern in the spring 2010 is the temperature anomaly. The main reason for the drought of the north China plain and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river in 2011 is the lack of rainfall.
In order to study the drought conditions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river, the southwestern region, and the north China plain, we use the GRACE time-varying earth gravity field model from 2003-01 to 2012-12 to calculate the changes in the terrestrial water reserves of the three regions. The results show the lowest value of land water storage change of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river plain and the north China plain occur in May 2011, and in the southwest region the lowest value is in March 2010. According to the water balance principle of land water reserves change, we calculate the changes of groundwater reserves in the three regions. The groundwater reserves in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river and the southwestern region are slowly increasing with rates of 0.54 mm/month and 0.34 mm/month. The trend reduces to a rate of 0.33 mm/month in the north China plain. The loss of groundwater reserves in the three regions during the dry period are:-21.31 mm/month in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river,-19.88 mm/month in the north China plain, and-15.72 mm/month in the southwest. Finally, we use the monthly rainfall and temperature data released by NOAA to quantify the rainfall and evaporation in the three regions during the drought period. The main cause of drought in the southwestern in the spring 2010 is the temperature anomaly. The main reason for the drought of the north China plain and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river in 2011 is the lack of rainfall.
引文
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[8] Zhong Y L,Zhong M,Feng W,et al.Groundwater Depletion in the West Liaohe River[J].Remote Sensing,2018,10(4):493-509
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[10] 詹金刚,王勇,郝晓光.GRACE时变重力场位系数误差的改进相关算法[J].测绘学报,2011,40(4):442-453(Zhan Jingang,Wang Yong,Hao Xiaoguang.Improved Method for Removal of Correlated Errors in GRACE Data[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2011,40(4):442-453)
[11] Chen J L,Wilson C R,Famiglietti J S,et al.Attenuation Effect on Seasonal Basin-Scale Water Storage Changes from GRACE Time-Variable Gravity[J].Journal of Geodesy,2007,81(4):237-245
[12] Landerer F W,Swenson S C.Accuracy of Scaled GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage Estimates[J].Water Resources Research,2012,48(4)
[13] Thornthwaite C W.An Approach toward a Rational Classification of Climate[J].Geographical Rev,1948,38:55-94
[14] 孙倩,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,丁建丽,等.利用GRACE数据监测中亚地区陆地水储量动态变化的研究[J].天文学报,2014,55(6):498-511(Sun Qian,Tashpolat Tiyip,Ding Jianli,et al.GRACE Data-Based Estimation of Spatial Variations in Water Storage over the Central Asia during 2003-2013[J].Acta Astronomica Sinica,2014,55(6):498-511)
[15] 孟祥帅.区域地下水观测井网优化方法研究——以沈阳市为例[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012(Meng Xiangshuai.Study on the Optimization Method of Regional Groundwater Observation Well Net:Take Shenyang as an Example[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2012)
[2] Yirdaw S Z,Snelgrove K R,Agboma C O.GRACE Satellite Observations of Terrestrial Moisture for Drought Characterization in the Canadian Prairie[J].Journal of Hydrology,2008,356(1-2):84-92
[3] Long D,Shen Y J,Sun A,et al.Drought and Flood Monitoring for a Large Karst Plateau in Southwest China Using Extended GRACE Data[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2014(155):145-160
[4] 李琼,罗志才,钟波,等.利用GARCE时变重力场探测2010年中国西南干旱陆地水储量变化[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(6):1 843-1 849(Li Qiong,Luo Zhicai,Zhong Bo,et al.Terrestrial Water Storage Changes of the 2010 Southwest China Drought Detected by GRACE Temporal Gravity Field[J].Chinese J Geophys,2013,56(6):1 843-1 849)
[5] 曹艳萍,南卓铜,程国栋.GRACE重力卫星监测新疆干旱特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(8):87-92(Cao Yanping,Nan Zhuotong,Cheng Guodong.GRACE Gravity Satellite Monitoring of Drought Characteristics in Xinjiang[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2015,29(8):87-92)
[6] Rodell M,Chen J L,Kato H,et al.Estimating Groundwater Storage Changes in the Mississippi River Basin (USA) Using GRACE[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2007,15(1):159-166
[7] Feng W,Shum C K,Zhong M,et al.Groundwater Storage Changes in China from Satellite Gravity:An Overview[J].Remote Sensing,2018,10(5):674-699
[8] Zhong Y L,Zhong M,Feng W,et al.Groundwater Depletion in the West Liaohe River[J].Remote Sensing,2018,10(4):493-509
[9] Cheng M K,Tapley B D,Ries J C.Geocenter Variations form Analysis of SLR Data[C].IAG Commission 1 Symposium 2010,Marne-La-Vallee,2010
[10] 詹金刚,王勇,郝晓光.GRACE时变重力场位系数误差的改进相关算法[J].测绘学报,2011,40(4):442-453(Zhan Jingang,Wang Yong,Hao Xiaoguang.Improved Method for Removal of Correlated Errors in GRACE Data[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2011,40(4):442-453)
[11] Chen J L,Wilson C R,Famiglietti J S,et al.Attenuation Effect on Seasonal Basin-Scale Water Storage Changes from GRACE Time-Variable Gravity[J].Journal of Geodesy,2007,81(4):237-245
[12] Landerer F W,Swenson S C.Accuracy of Scaled GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage Estimates[J].Water Resources Research,2012,48(4)
[13] Thornthwaite C W.An Approach toward a Rational Classification of Climate[J].Geographical Rev,1948,38:55-94
[14] 孙倩,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,丁建丽,等.利用GRACE数据监测中亚地区陆地水储量动态变化的研究[J].天文学报,2014,55(6):498-511(Sun Qian,Tashpolat Tiyip,Ding Jianli,et al.GRACE Data-Based Estimation of Spatial Variations in Water Storage over the Central Asia during 2003-2013[J].Acta Astronomica Sinica,2014,55(6):498-511)
[15] 孟祥帅.区域地下水观测井网优化方法研究——以沈阳市为例[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012(Meng Xiangshuai.Study on the Optimization Method of Regional Groundwater Observation Well Net:Take Shenyang as an Example[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2012)
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