长三角宜居城市与创新城市发展的耦合协调研究
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摘要
通过构建宜居城市和创新城市发展指标体系,借助熵值法、耦合协调分析、结构方程等方法,分析了长三角宜居城市与创新城市发展水平的空间分异、耦合协调度分布及作用机制,结果表明:长三角宜居城市水平呈较明显的"中心—外围"格局,创新城市水平呈由沿海向内地梯度递减的格局。宜居与创新高度协调耦合城市集中在沪宁合与沪杭甬沿线,中度协调耦合城市集中于苏中、苏北、浙江除杭甬外其他城市、皖江城市带等,低度协调耦合城市位于长三角边缘的皖北、皖西地区。城市的宜居水平与创新水平有着较强的正相关性;城市生活质量、生态环境、文化娱乐对宜居城市发展至关重要,宜居城市发展能促进创新阶层和创新产业的集聚,但对于城市创新网络发育的作用较小;创新阶层、创新产业通过创新网络产出技术创新和知识创新;创新阶层、创新网络发育、创新产出等对创新城市发展的影响较大,而当前以高新技术制造业为主的创新产业对创新城市发展的直接作用并不显著。
By building the development index system of livable city and innovation city,and using entropy evaluation method,coupling coordination analysis and structural equation model(SME),the spatial heterogeneity,coupling coordination degree and functional mechanism of livable city and innovative city development level in the Yangtze River Delta were analyzed.The results show that livable city level is a typical "center-periphery" pattern,while innovative city level is gradient decreasing from the coast to the inland in the Yangtze River Delta.The highly coordinated coupling cities being livable and innovative were along the line of Shanghai-Nanjing-Hefei and Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo;moderate coordination coupling cities were in the middle and northern part of Jiangsu;other cities except Hangzhou and Ningbo in Zhejiang and the city cluster along Anhui-Yangtze River;low-grade coordination coupling cites were in West and North Anhui at the edge of the Yangtze River Delta.Cities' livable level and innovative level have strong positive correlation.Life quality,ecological environment and cultural entertainment are important for livable city development,while livable city will promote the innovative class and industry agglomeration,but its effect on innovation network development is small.Innovative class,industry yield technology and knowledge innovation result from innovation network.Innovative class,innovation network development,and innovative output play an important role in innovative city development.Nonetheless,current innovative industry mainly based on high and new technology has no significant direct impact on innovative city development.
By building the development index system of livable city and innovation city,and using entropy evaluation method,coupling coordination analysis and structural equation model(SME),the spatial heterogeneity,coupling coordination degree and functional mechanism of livable city and innovative city development level in the Yangtze River Delta were analyzed.The results show that livable city level is a typical "center-periphery" pattern,while innovative city level is gradient decreasing from the coast to the inland in the Yangtze River Delta.The highly coordinated coupling cities being livable and innovative were along the line of Shanghai-Nanjing-Hefei and Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo;moderate coordination coupling cities were in the middle and northern part of Jiangsu;other cities except Hangzhou and Ningbo in Zhejiang and the city cluster along Anhui-Yangtze River;low-grade coordination coupling cites were in West and North Anhui at the edge of the Yangtze River Delta.Cities' livable level and innovative level have strong positive correlation.Life quality,ecological environment and cultural entertainment are important for livable city development,while livable city will promote the innovative class and industry agglomeration,but its effect on innovation network development is small.Innovative class,industry yield technology and knowledge innovation result from innovation network.Innovative class,innovation network development,and innovative output play an important role in innovative city development.Nonetheless,current innovative industry mainly based on high and new technology has no significant direct impact on innovative city development.
引文
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[25] 侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟,等.结构方程模型及其应用[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2004.
[2] 吕拉昌,李勇.基于城市创新职能的中国创新城市空间体系[J].地理学报,2010,65(2):177-190.
[3] TAYLOR P J.Word City Network[M].London:Routledge,2004.
[4] ZYGMUNT B.Liquid Times:Living in an Age of Uncertainty[M].Cambridge:Polity,2007.
[5] 王铮,孙枫,王瑛,等.知识型产业区位的实证分析[J].科研管理,1999,20(3):101-108.
[6] KOMNINOS N.Intelligent Cities[M].London:Spon Press,2002.
[7] FLORIDA R.The Rise of Creative Class:And How It′s Transforming Work,Leisure,Community and Everyday Life[M].New York:Basic Books,2002.
[8] GLAESER E L,SHAPIRO J M.Urban growth in the 1990s:Is city living back?[J].Journal of Regional Science,2003,43(1):139-165.
[9] AYDALOT P.High Technology Industry and Innovation Environments[M].London:Routledge,1988.
[10] SAXENIAN A.Regional Advantage:Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128,Cambrige[M].MA:Harvard University Press,1994.
[11] MATHEWS J A.A silicon valley of the east:Creating Taiwan′s semiconductor industry[J].California Management Review,1997,39(4):26-54.
[12] 苗长虹,魏也华,吕拉昌.新经济地理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[13] 邹德慈.构建创新型城市的要素分析[J].中国科技产业,2005(10):13-15.
[14] STORPER M.The Regional World:Territorial Development in a Global Economy[M].New York:Guilford Press,1997.
[15] 苗长虹,艾少伟.学习场结构与空间中的创新[J].经济地理,2009,29(7):1057-1062.
[16] 格莱泽.刘瑞泉(译).城市的胜利[M].上海:上海社会科学出版社,2012.
[17] 张文忠.宜居城市的内涵及评价指标体系探讨[J].城市规划学刊,2007(3):30-34.
[18] 刘星光,董晓峰,刘颜欣.中国主要城市宜居性发展的地域差异研究[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(6):1281-1290.
[19] 胡晓辉,杜德斌.科技创新城市的功能内涵、评价体系及判定标准[J].经济地理,2011,31(10):1625-1629.
[20] 创新城市评价课题组.中国创新城市评价报告[J].统计研究,2009,26(8):3-9.
[21] 张卫民,安景文,韩朝.熵值法在城市可持续发展评价问题中的应用[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2003(6):115-118.
[22] 胡喜生,洪伟,吴承祯.福州市土地生态系统服务与城市化耦合度分析[J].地理科学,2013,33(10):1216-1223.
[23] 王琦,陈才.产业集群与区域经济空间的耦合度分析[J].地理科学,2008,28(2):145-149.
[24] 马丽,金凤君,刘毅.中国经济与环境污染耦合度格局及工业结构解析[J].地理学报,2012,67(10):1299-1307.
[25] 侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟,等.结构方程模型及其应用[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2004.