北京市低收入社区社会融合的多维度测度与影响因素分析
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摘要
在快速城市化的背景下,城市低收入社区群体的社会融入问题逐渐成为城市包容性发展的桎梏。基于北京市典型低收入社区的实地调查数据,本文运用探索性因子分析对城市低收入社区群体社会融合结构和现状进行探讨,并对影响城市低收入社区群体的社会融合状况进行实证分析。研究发现调查城市低收入社区群体的社会融合主要受到心理融合、经济融合、环境融合、社区关系融合4个维度影响,社区关系融合、环境融合、经济融合和心理融合程度表现出依次降低的倾向,且居民的社会融合总体水平偏低。从影响因素来看,低收入社区群体的社会融合主要受个体因素、家庭因素、就业因素和住房因素的影响,不同维度社会融合程度的影响因素也有所差异。
The social integration of urban low-income community groups has gradually become a shackle of inclusive urban development. Based on the field survey data of typical low-income communities in Beijing,this paper uses exploratory factor analysis to discuss the structure and status quo of social integration of lowincome community groups in cities, and conducts an empirical analysis on the social integration status of low-income community groups in cities. It is found that the social integration of low-income urban community groups is mainly affected by four dimensions: psychological integration, economic integration, environmental integration and community relationship integration. The overall level of social integration of typical community residents is low. The degree of community relationship integration, environment integration, economic integration and psychological integration showed the tendency of decreasing in turn. Finally, from the perspective of influencing factors, the social integration of low-income communities is mainly affected by individual factors, family factors, employment factors and housing factors. Psychological integration is mainly affected by gender, household registration system and family factors.
The social integration of urban low-income community groups has gradually become a shackle of inclusive urban development. Based on the field survey data of typical low-income communities in Beijing,this paper uses exploratory factor analysis to discuss the structure and status quo of social integration of lowincome community groups in cities, and conducts an empirical analysis on the social integration status of low-income community groups in cities. It is found that the social integration of low-income urban community groups is mainly affected by four dimensions: psychological integration, economic integration, environmental integration and community relationship integration. The overall level of social integration of typical community residents is low. The degree of community relationship integration, environment integration, economic integration and psychological integration showed the tendency of decreasing in turn. Finally, from the perspective of influencing factors, the social integration of low-income communities is mainly affected by individual factors, family factors, employment factors and housing factors. Psychological integration is mainly affected by gender, household registration system and family factors.
引文
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[17]张文宏,刘琳.城市移民与本地居民的居住隔离及其对社会融合度评价的影响[J].江海学刊,2015(6):114-122.[Zhang Wenhong,Liu Lin. Resistance of urban immigrants to residence residents and their impact on social inclusion[J]. Jianghai Academic Journal, 2015(6):114-122.]
[18]褚清华.农民工地位变迁与社会融合[J].兰州学刊,2015(2):191-197.[Chu Qinghua. Migrant workers status changes and social integration[J]. Lanzhou Academic Journal, 2015(2):191-197.]
[19]褚清华,杨云彦.农民工社会融合再认识及其影响因素分析[J].人口与发展,2014,20(4):28-36.[Chu Qinghua, Yang Yunyan. Re-understanding of social integration of migrant workers and its influencing factors[J]. Population and Development, 2014,20(4):28-36.]
[20]张文忠,湛东升.“国际一流的和谐宜居之都”的内涵及评价指标[J].城市发展研究,2017,24(6):116-124.[Zhang Wenzhong, Zhan Dongsheng. Connotation and evaluation indicators of"World-class Harmonious and Liveable Capital"[J]. City Development Research,2017,24(6):116-124.]
[21]张文忠.宜居城市建设的核心框架[J].地理研究,2016,35(2):205-213.[Zhang Wenzhong. Core framework of livable urban construction[J]. Geographal Research, 2016,35(2):205-213.]
[22]刘晓峰,陈钊,陆铭.社会融合与经济增长:城市化和城市发展的内生政策变迁[J].世界经济,2010(6):60-80.[Liu Xiaofeng, Chen Zhao, Lu Ming. Social inclusion and economic growth:Endogenous policy changes in urbanization and urban development[J].World Economy, 2010(6):60-80.]
[23]塔娜,柴彦威.基于收入群体差异的北京典型郊区低收入居民的行为空间困境[J].地理学报,2017,72(10):1776-1786.[Ta Na, Chai Yanwei. Population behaviors of low-income residents in typical suburbs in Beijing based on differences in income groups[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017,72(10):1776-1786.]
[24]冯健,林文盛.苏州老城区衰退邻里居住满意度及影响因素[J].地理科学进展,2017,36(2):159-170.[Feng Jian, Lin Wensheng. Residence satisfaction and determinants of recessive neighborhood in old district of Suzhou[J]. Progress in Geography, 2017,36(2):159-170.]
[25]陈宏胜,李志刚.中国大城市保障房社区的社会融合研究——以广州为例[J].城市规划,2015,39(9):33-39.[Chen Hongsheng, Li Zhigang. Social conjunction of social security in large urban areas in China:A case study of Guangzhou[J]. Journal of Urban Planning, 2015,39(9):33-39.]
[26]卢小君,陈慧敏.流动人口社会融合现状与测度——基于大连市的调查数据[J].城市问题,2012(9):69-73.[Lu Xiaojun, Chen Huimin. The present situation and measurement of social inclusion of floating population:Based on the survey data of Dalian[J]. City Issues, 2012(9):69-73.]
[27]余运江,孙斌栋,孙旭.基于ESDA的城市外来人口社会融合水平空间差异研究——以上海为例[J].人文地理,2014,29(2):123-128.[Yu Yunjiang, Sun Bindong, Sun Xu. Study on spatial differences of social inclusion level of urban migrants based on ESDA:A case study of Shanghai[J]. Human Geography, 2014,29(2):123-128.]
[28]田明,薄俊丽.东部地区流动人口城市融入的比较研究[J].人文地理,2014,29(1):43-48.[Tian Ming, Bo Junli. Comparative study on urban integration of floating population in eastern China[J]. Human geography, 2014,29(1):43-48.]
[2]王培暄.城镇居民内部收入差距的影响因素与应对措施研究[J].科学经济社会,2013,31(3):68-72.[Wang Peixuan. Research on the influencing factors and countermeasures of income gap among urban residents[J]. Scientific Economy and Society, 2013,31(3):68-72.]
[3]柳林,杨刚斌,何深静.市场转型期中国大城市低收入社区住房分异研究[J].地理科学,2014,33(8):897-906.[Liu Lin, Yang Gangbin,He Shenjin. Study on housing differentiation of low-income community in large cities in China in the transition period[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2014,33(8):897-906.]
[4]袁媛,古叶恒,陈志灏.中国城市贫困的空间差异特征[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(2):195-203.[Yuan Yuan, Gu Yeheng, Chen Zhihao.Characteristics of spatial differences of urban poverty in China[J].Progress in Geography, 2016,35(2):195-203.]
[5]谌丽,张文忠,党云晓,等.北京市低收入人群的居住空间分布、演变与聚居类型[J].地理研究,2012,31(4):720-732.[Chen Li, Zhang Wenzhong, Dang Yunxiao, et al. Changing spatial distribution, evolution and community types of low-income groups in Beijing[J].Geographical Research, 2012,31(4):720-732.]
[6]何深静,刘玉亭,吴缚龙.南京市不同社会群体的贫困集聚度、贫困特征及其决定因素[J].地理研究,2010,29(4):703-715.[He Shenjing, Liu Yuting, Wu Fulong. Poverty concentration, poverty characteristics and determinants among different social groups in Nanjing[J]. Geographical Research, 2010,29(4):703-715.]
[7]刘冉,黄大志,刘盛和.城市化视角下北京农村居住用地非正规市场的形成机理[J].地理研究,2010,29(8):1355-1368.[Liu Ran,Huang Dazhi, Liu Shenghe. Formation mechanism of informal market for rural residential land in Beijing based on urbanization[J].Geographical Research, 2010,29(8):1355-1368.]
[8]庞娟.融合视角下城市非正规空间的包容性治理研究[J].探索,2017(6):146-152.[Pang Juan. Study on inclusive governance of urban informal space from the perspective of fusion[J]. Explore, 2017(6):146-152.]
[9]任远,邬民乐.城市流动人口的社会融合:文献述评[J].人口研究,2006,30(3):87-94.[Ren Yuan, Wu Minle. Social integration of urban floating population:A literature review[J]. Population Research,2006,30(3):87-94.]
[10]悦中山,杜海峰,李树茁,等.当代西方社会融合研究的概念、理论及应用[J].公共管理学报,2009,6(2):114-121.[Yue Zhongshan, Du Haifeng, Li Shuzhuo, et al. Contemporary western conception of social integration studies, theory and applications[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Management, 2009,6(2):114-121.]
[11]Park R E, Burgess E W. Introduction to the Science of Sociology:Including an Index to Basic Sociological Concepts[M]. Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 1970:1-12.
[12]Alba R, Nee V. Rethinking assimilation theory for a new era of immigration[J]. International Migration Review, 1997,34(4):826-874.
[13]Berbrier M. Assimilationism and pluralism as cultural tools[J]. Sociological Forum, 2004,19(1):29-61.
[14]田凯.关于农民工的城市适应性的调查分析与思考[J].社会科学研究,1995(5):90-95.[Tian Kai. Survey and analysis of urban adaptability of migrant workers[J]. Journal of Social Sciences, 1995(5):90-95.]
[15]汪明峰,程红,宁越敏.上海城中村外来人口的社会融合及其影响因素[J].地理学报,2015,70(8):1243-1255.[Wang Mingfeng, Cheng Hong, Nin Yuemin. Social integration of migrants in Shanghai's urban villages[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(8):1243-1255.]
[16]张文宏,雷开春.城市新移民社会融合的结构、现状与影响因素分析[J].社会学研究,2008(5):117-141.[Zhang Wenhong, Lei Kaichun. Analysis of the structure, status quo and influential factors of urban new immigrants social inclusion[J]. Journal of Sociology,2008(5):117-141.]
[17]张文宏,刘琳.城市移民与本地居民的居住隔离及其对社会融合度评价的影响[J].江海学刊,2015(6):114-122.[Zhang Wenhong,Liu Lin. Resistance of urban immigrants to residence residents and their impact on social inclusion[J]. Jianghai Academic Journal, 2015(6):114-122.]
[18]褚清华.农民工地位变迁与社会融合[J].兰州学刊,2015(2):191-197.[Chu Qinghua. Migrant workers status changes and social integration[J]. Lanzhou Academic Journal, 2015(2):191-197.]
[19]褚清华,杨云彦.农民工社会融合再认识及其影响因素分析[J].人口与发展,2014,20(4):28-36.[Chu Qinghua, Yang Yunyan. Re-understanding of social integration of migrant workers and its influencing factors[J]. Population and Development, 2014,20(4):28-36.]
[20]张文忠,湛东升.“国际一流的和谐宜居之都”的内涵及评价指标[J].城市发展研究,2017,24(6):116-124.[Zhang Wenzhong, Zhan Dongsheng. Connotation and evaluation indicators of"World-class Harmonious and Liveable Capital"[J]. City Development Research,2017,24(6):116-124.]
[21]张文忠.宜居城市建设的核心框架[J].地理研究,2016,35(2):205-213.[Zhang Wenzhong. Core framework of livable urban construction[J]. Geographal Research, 2016,35(2):205-213.]
[22]刘晓峰,陈钊,陆铭.社会融合与经济增长:城市化和城市发展的内生政策变迁[J].世界经济,2010(6):60-80.[Liu Xiaofeng, Chen Zhao, Lu Ming. Social inclusion and economic growth:Endogenous policy changes in urbanization and urban development[J].World Economy, 2010(6):60-80.]
[23]塔娜,柴彦威.基于收入群体差异的北京典型郊区低收入居民的行为空间困境[J].地理学报,2017,72(10):1776-1786.[Ta Na, Chai Yanwei. Population behaviors of low-income residents in typical suburbs in Beijing based on differences in income groups[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017,72(10):1776-1786.]
[24]冯健,林文盛.苏州老城区衰退邻里居住满意度及影响因素[J].地理科学进展,2017,36(2):159-170.[Feng Jian, Lin Wensheng. Residence satisfaction and determinants of recessive neighborhood in old district of Suzhou[J]. Progress in Geography, 2017,36(2):159-170.]
[25]陈宏胜,李志刚.中国大城市保障房社区的社会融合研究——以广州为例[J].城市规划,2015,39(9):33-39.[Chen Hongsheng, Li Zhigang. Social conjunction of social security in large urban areas in China:A case study of Guangzhou[J]. Journal of Urban Planning, 2015,39(9):33-39.]
[26]卢小君,陈慧敏.流动人口社会融合现状与测度——基于大连市的调查数据[J].城市问题,2012(9):69-73.[Lu Xiaojun, Chen Huimin. The present situation and measurement of social inclusion of floating population:Based on the survey data of Dalian[J]. City Issues, 2012(9):69-73.]
[27]余运江,孙斌栋,孙旭.基于ESDA的城市外来人口社会融合水平空间差异研究——以上海为例[J].人文地理,2014,29(2):123-128.[Yu Yunjiang, Sun Bindong, Sun Xu. Study on spatial differences of social inclusion level of urban migrants based on ESDA:A case study of Shanghai[J]. Human Geography, 2014,29(2):123-128.]
[28]田明,薄俊丽.东部地区流动人口城市融入的比较研究[J].人文地理,2014,29(1):43-48.[Tian Ming, Bo Junli. Comparative study on urban integration of floating population in eastern China[J]. Human geography, 2014,29(1):43-48.]