不同地膜覆盖对大蒜生长特性及产量的影响
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摘要
以‘徐蒜917’为试材,研究了不同地膜(红、绿、银、黑、白黑、银黑、透明膜)覆盖对大蒜生长特性及产量的影响。结果表明,相比于透明膜,银膜覆盖可促进大蒜生长,尤其可显著增加大蒜株幅、假茎粗、叶长及叶宽;黑膜覆盖的大蒜株幅和叶长亦显著高于透明膜;红、绿及银黑膜覆盖显著增加了大蒜叶片和叶宽;而白黑膜覆盖与透明膜覆盖的大蒜生长差异不显著,甚至略低于透明膜。此外,有色膜覆盖可显著提高大蒜根系活力和叶绿素a/b比值。银膜产量最高,黑膜次之;红、绿及银黑膜处理产量仍略高于透明膜,但差异不显著;而白黑膜产量较透明膜产量显著下降。因此,覆盖银膜或许可替代透明膜,成为一种栽培大蒜的新模式。
The effects of different color plastic film(red, green, silver, black, white black, silver black and transparent plastic film) mulching on the growth characteristic and yield in garlic were studied by using a garlic(Allium sativum L.)cultivar‘Xusuan 917'. The results showed that compared with the transparent plastic film, the silver plastic film mulching promoted the garlic growth, especially increased plant width, false stem diameter, leaf length and leaf width significantly;The plant width and leaf length of garlic covered with black plastic film were also significantly higher than that of transparent plastic film; The red, green and silver black plastic film increased the garlic leaf length and leaf width significantly, while the growth of garlic covered with white black plastic film didn't differ significantly or even slightly below that of transparent film. Moreover, the colored plastic films could significantly increase root activity and chlorophyll a/b of garlic. The yield of garlic mulched with silver plastic film was highest, and the second was black plastic film. The yield of garlic mulched with red, green and silver black plastic film was still slightly higher than that of the transparent plastic film, but the difference was not significant, while the yield of garlic covered with white black plastic film decreased significantly. Therefore, silver plastic film that replaces transparent plastic film mulching maybe become a new cultivation mode of garlic.
The effects of different color plastic film(red, green, silver, black, white black, silver black and transparent plastic film) mulching on the growth characteristic and yield in garlic were studied by using a garlic(Allium sativum L.)cultivar‘Xusuan 917'. The results showed that compared with the transparent plastic film, the silver plastic film mulching promoted the garlic growth, especially increased plant width, false stem diameter, leaf length and leaf width significantly;The plant width and leaf length of garlic covered with black plastic film were also significantly higher than that of transparent plastic film; The red, green and silver black plastic film increased the garlic leaf length and leaf width significantly, while the growth of garlic covered with white black plastic film didn't differ significantly or even slightly below that of transparent film. Moreover, the colored plastic films could significantly increase root activity and chlorophyll a/b of garlic. The yield of garlic mulched with silver plastic film was highest, and the second was black plastic film. The yield of garlic mulched with red, green and silver black plastic film was still slightly higher than that of the transparent plastic film, but the difference was not significant, while the yield of garlic covered with white black plastic film decreased significantly. Therefore, silver plastic film that replaces transparent plastic film mulching maybe become a new cultivation mode of garlic.
引文
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[19]孔素萍,孙敬强,吴雄,等.大蒜主要农艺性状变异特征及其与产量相关构成分析[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(6):1240-1248
[20]陆信娟,杨峰,樊继德,等.大蒜主要农艺性状的相关与通径分析[J].江西农业学报,2010,22(3):58-61
[21]王玉光.有色地膜覆盖对洋葱生长发育及根际土壤环境的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2009:36
[22]Yonghua Q,Shanglong Z,Asghar S,et al.Regeneration mechanism of Toyonoka strawberry under different color plastic films[J].Plant Science,2005,168(6):1425-1431
[2]吕敬军,张贵国,陈香艳,等.不同地膜覆盖栽培对花生经济性状及产量的影响与效益分析[J].花生学报,2010,39(4):38-41
[3]Braunack MV,Johnston DB,Price J,et al.Soil temperature and soil water potential under thin oxodegradable plastic film impact on cotton crop establishment and yield[J].Field Crops Research,2015,184:91-103
[4]Qin S,Zhang J,Dai H,et al.Effect of ridge-furrow and plastic-mulching planting patterns on yield formation and water movement of potato in a semi-arid area[J].Agricultural Water Management,2014,131:87-94
[5]Al-Karaghouli A,Al-Kayssi AW,Hasson AM.The photometric properties of different colored plastic mulches used for soil solarization[J].Solar&wind technology,1990,7(2-3):119-123
[6]汪兴汉,章志强.不同颜色地膜对光谱的透射反射与吸收性能[J].江苏农业科学,1986(4):31-33
[7]曹小芝,李曙轩,童永忠.不同颜色地膜的性能及其在蔬菜上的应用[J].浙江农业大学学报,1982(1):99-110
[8]艾希珍,张振贤,米庆华,等.有色地膜覆盖对生姜生长及产量的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2001(4):4-6
[9]李日旺,黄国弟,周俊岸,等.不同颜色地膜覆盖对桂热芒71号产量和品质的影响初报[J].农业研究与应用,2013(3):5-7
[10]王玉光,徐坤,赵锴,等.有色地膜覆盖对洋葱生长及产量的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2009(6):46-51
[11]张泽铭,王友强,许梦宇,等.金乡县大蒜生长期气象灾害及应对措施[J].现代农业科技,2013(7):267
[12]刘世琦,许莉,齐连东.大蒜生产关键技术问答[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007:38-39
[13]李锡香,朱德蔚.大蒜种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006:10-14
[14]赵世杰,史国安,董新纯.植物生理学实验指导[M].泰安:中国农业科学技术出版社,2002:47,120
[15]王君,左敏,马小军.黑地膜覆盖对白榆播种苗生长量和除草的影响[J].北方园艺,2012(4):64-65
[16]兰孟焦,吴问胜,潘浩,等.不同地膜覆盖对土壤温度和甘薯产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(1):104-105
[17]辛国胜,林祖军,韩俊杰,等.黑色地膜对甘薯生理特性及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(15):233-237
[18]吕桂菊,刘伟.有色地膜对青椒生育,产量及土壤状况影响研究[J].北方园艺,2001(4):9-10
[19]孔素萍,孙敬强,吴雄,等.大蒜主要农艺性状变异特征及其与产量相关构成分析[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(6):1240-1248
[20]陆信娟,杨峰,樊继德,等.大蒜主要农艺性状的相关与通径分析[J].江西农业学报,2010,22(3):58-61
[21]王玉光.有色地膜覆盖对洋葱生长发育及根际土壤环境的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2009:36
[22]Yonghua Q,Shanglong Z,Asghar S,et al.Regeneration mechanism of Toyonoka strawberry under different color plastic films[J].Plant Science,2005,168(6):1425-1431