三维复杂块体系统边坡深层加固条件下稳定性及破坏机制模型试验研究
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摘要
白鹤滩水电站左岸为强卸荷岩体三维复杂块体系统高边坡,采用三维地质力学模型试验,进行了边坡变形特性、失稳破坏过程、破坏机制、边坡稳定性及加固处理效果研究。模型试验表明,边坡失稳模式为块体滑动破坏,破坏形态表现为底滑面的剪切破坏和后缘结构面的拉裂破坏以及块体沿底滑面和侧滑面的滑动。边坡破坏过程为模型结构面初裂、结构面组合块体边界贯通、最终至边坡整体失稳3个阶段。采用地质力学模型试验综合法获得了左岸块体系统边坡整体稳定安全系数,典型块体稳定安全系数与三维刚体法及块体单元法(BEM)计算成果对比基本一致,模型试验综合法安全系数相对较大。同时,针对层内错动带LS_(337)界面部位相对变位监测表明,深层混凝土置换洞加固有效地控制了底滑面的滑动变形,提高了相关结构面组合块体的稳定性,边坡加固效果较为明显。研究成果对白鹤滩工程左岸强卸荷区三维复杂块体系统边坡及类似工程边坡稳定性及加固处理具有重要的指导意义。
The left bank of Baihetan hydropower station is a high slope, which is a three-dimensional(3D) complex block system with strongly unloaded rock mass. The 3D geomechanical model test was adapted to investigate the slope deformation characteristic,failure process and mode, destruction mechanism, slope stability, and reinforcement effect. The model test shows that the slope failure exhibits the mode of the block sliding failure, which demonstrates the shear slipping among the bottom surfaces, the tensile crack along the trailing edge surface, and the block sliding along the bottom surface and side surface. The failure process basically experienced three stages, including the initially crack of discontinuities, crack expansion throughout the block boundaries, and the instability of the slope. The general safety factor of the left bank slope was obtained through the comprehensive geo-mechanical model test. The safety factors of given blocks were compared with the calculation results of both 3D-LEM and BEM, which shows good agreements. Simultaneously, the relative displacements at the interface of LS_(337) were monitored. From the results, we can see that by the reinforcement of the deep concrete replacement caverns, the sliding deformation among the bottom surfaces is effectively controlled, and the safety factors of the combination blocks of related discontinuities are improved, and the effect of slope reinforcement is more obvious. This paper provides significant guidance for the stability and reinforcement of the left bank slope of the 3D complex block system with the strongly unloaded area in Baihetan or other similar engineering slopes.
The left bank of Baihetan hydropower station is a high slope, which is a three-dimensional(3D) complex block system with strongly unloaded rock mass. The 3D geomechanical model test was adapted to investigate the slope deformation characteristic,failure process and mode, destruction mechanism, slope stability, and reinforcement effect. The model test shows that the slope failure exhibits the mode of the block sliding failure, which demonstrates the shear slipping among the bottom surfaces, the tensile crack along the trailing edge surface, and the block sliding along the bottom surface and side surface. The failure process basically experienced three stages, including the initially crack of discontinuities, crack expansion throughout the block boundaries, and the instability of the slope. The general safety factor of the left bank slope was obtained through the comprehensive geo-mechanical model test. The safety factors of given blocks were compared with the calculation results of both 3D-LEM and BEM, which shows good agreements. Simultaneously, the relative displacements at the interface of LS_(337) were monitored. From the results, we can see that by the reinforcement of the deep concrete replacement caverns, the sliding deformation among the bottom surfaces is effectively controlled, and the safety factors of the combination blocks of related discontinuities are improved, and the effect of slope reinforcement is more obvious. This paper provides significant guidance for the stability and reinforcement of the left bank slope of the 3D complex block system with the strongly unloaded area in Baihetan or other similar engineering slopes.
引文
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[10]周维垣,林鹏,杨强,等.锦屏高边坡稳定三维地质力学模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):893-901.ZHOU Wei-yuan,LIN Peng,YANG Qiang,et al.Experimental research on stability of Jinping high slope with three-dimensional geo-mechanical model[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(5):893-901.
[11]马时强,刘斌.锦屏高边坡稳定地质力学模型试验研究[J].西华大学学报(自然科学版),2008,27(4):101-105.MA Shi-qiang,LIU Bin.Experimental study on Geo-mechanical model for stability analysis of Jinping high slope[J].Journal of Xihua University(Natural Science),2008,27(4):101-105.
[12]董建华,张林,陈建叶,等.地质力学模型试验技术研究及工程应用[J].长江科学院院报,2012,29(12):78-82.DONG Jian-hua,ZHANG Lin,CHEN Jian-ye,et al.Techniques of geo-mechanical model test and engineering application[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2012,29(12):78-82.
[13]张林,陈媛,陈建叶,等.水工大坝与地基模型试验及工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:79.ZHANG Lin,CHEN Yuan,CHEN Jian-ye,et al.Application of model test of dam and foundation to engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2015:79.
[14]高大水,郭春茂.地质力学模型试验在高边坡研究中的应用[J].长江科学院院报,1992,9(3):65-71.GAO Da-shui,GUO Chun-mao.Application of geo-mechanical model tests to the study of high slopes[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,1992,9(3):65-71.
[15]杨金旺,陈媛,张林,等.基于地质力学模型试验综合法的顺层岩质高边坡稳定性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(1):131-140.YANG Jin-wang,CHEN Yuan,ZHANG Lin,et al.Stability of high bedding slope of rock based on comprehensive geo-mechanical model test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(1):131-140.
[16]郑惠峰,吴关叶,徐建荣.基于块体单元法的白鹤滩左岸边坡稳定性分析[J].长江科学院院报,2014,31(11):71-75.ZHENG Hui-feng,WU Guan-ye,XU Jian-rong.Stability analysis of the left slope of Baihetan hydropower station based on block element method[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2014,31(11):71-75.
[2]陈祖煜,弥宏亮,汪小刚.边坡稳定三维分析的极限平衡法[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(5):525-529.CHEN Zhu-yu,MI Hong-liang,WANG Xiao-gang.Athree-dimensional limit equilibrium method for slope stability analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2001,23(5):525-529.
[3]OWEN D R J,HINTON E.Finite elements in plasticity:theory and practice[M].Swansea:Pineridge Press Ltd.,1980.
[4]CUNDALL A.Formulation of a three-dimensional distinct element model.Part 1.a scheme to detect and represent contacts in system composed of many polyhedral blocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1998,25(3):107-116.
[5]寇晓东,周维垣,杨若琼.FLAC3D进行三峡船闸高边坡稳定分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(1):6-10.KOU Xiao-dong,ZHOU Wei-yuan,YANG Ruo-qiong.Stability analysis on the high slope of Three Gorges ship lock using FLAC3D[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(1):6-10.
[6]SHI G H.Discontinuous deformation analysis:a new numerical model for the statics and dynamics of deformable block structures[J].Engineering Computations,1992,9(2):157-168.
[7]石根华.数值流行方法与非连续变形分析[M].裴觉民译.北京:清华大学出版社,1997.SHI Gen-hua.Numerical manifold method and Discontinuous deformation analysis[M].Translated by PEI Jue-min.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1997.
[8]郑惠峰,汪卫明,陈胜宏.弹黏塑性块体单元法在龙滩水电站右坝肩边坡稳定分析中的应用[J].岩土力学,2006,27(1):107-111.ZHENG Hui-feng,WANG Wei-ming,CHEN Sheng-hong.Application of elasto-viscoplastic block element method to the stability analysis of the right slope in Longtan hydropower project[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006.27(1):107-111.
[9]沈泰,岳登明,郭春茂.三峡船闸地质力学模型结构稳定研究[J].长江科学院院报,1991,8(2):68-72.SHEN Tai,YUE Deng-ming,GUO Chun-mao,et al.Stability of ship lock of Three Gorges project by means of geo-mechanical modal[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,1991,8(2):68-72.
[10]周维垣,林鹏,杨强,等.锦屏高边坡稳定三维地质力学模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):893-901.ZHOU Wei-yuan,LIN Peng,YANG Qiang,et al.Experimental research on stability of Jinping high slope with three-dimensional geo-mechanical model[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(5):893-901.
[11]马时强,刘斌.锦屏高边坡稳定地质力学模型试验研究[J].西华大学学报(自然科学版),2008,27(4):101-105.MA Shi-qiang,LIU Bin.Experimental study on Geo-mechanical model for stability analysis of Jinping high slope[J].Journal of Xihua University(Natural Science),2008,27(4):101-105.
[12]董建华,张林,陈建叶,等.地质力学模型试验技术研究及工程应用[J].长江科学院院报,2012,29(12):78-82.DONG Jian-hua,ZHANG Lin,CHEN Jian-ye,et al.Techniques of geo-mechanical model test and engineering application[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2012,29(12):78-82.
[13]张林,陈媛,陈建叶,等.水工大坝与地基模型试验及工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:79.ZHANG Lin,CHEN Yuan,CHEN Jian-ye,et al.Application of model test of dam and foundation to engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2015:79.
[14]高大水,郭春茂.地质力学模型试验在高边坡研究中的应用[J].长江科学院院报,1992,9(3):65-71.GAO Da-shui,GUO Chun-mao.Application of geo-mechanical model tests to the study of high slopes[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,1992,9(3):65-71.
[15]杨金旺,陈媛,张林,等.基于地质力学模型试验综合法的顺层岩质高边坡稳定性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(1):131-140.YANG Jin-wang,CHEN Yuan,ZHANG Lin,et al.Stability of high bedding slope of rock based on comprehensive geo-mechanical model test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(1):131-140.
[16]郑惠峰,吴关叶,徐建荣.基于块体单元法的白鹤滩左岸边坡稳定性分析[J].长江科学院院报,2014,31(11):71-75.ZHENG Hui-feng,WU Guan-ye,XU Jian-rong.Stability analysis of the left slope of Baihetan hydropower station based on block element method[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2014,31(11):71-75.
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