混凝土拱坝的多轴强度与安全指标
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摘要
为便于推算混凝土多轴强度,开展混凝土结构的多轴强度设计,本文针对任意的多参数强度准则,给出了用等比超载系数K_(OL)计算多轴强度的通用方法。以某已建成的拱坝为例,分别计算坝体的等比超载系数K_(OL)和失效距离系数K_(FD),并与单轴强度安全系数进行比较,指出混凝土拱坝按多轴强度设计的必要性。基于K_(FD)的定义和算例分析,建议将K_(FD)作为拱坝多轴强度安全设计和校核的指标。
In order to calculate the multi-axial strength of concrete and design a concrete structure considering the multi-axial strength of concrete, a general method for calculating the multi-axial strength under an arbitrary multi-parameter strength criteria is presented in this paper by using the overload factor of equivalent ratio, K_(OL). Taking a completed arch dam as an example, the equal proportional overload factor,K_(OL), and the failure distance factor, K_(FD), are calculated, respectively, and compared with the safety factor of uniaxial strength. Then,the necessity of designing a concrete arch dam according to the multi-axial strength is pointed out. Based on the definition of K_(FD) and the analysis of an example, it is suggested that K_(FD) should be consideredas an index for the safety design and the checking of multi-axial strength of arch dams.
In order to calculate the multi-axial strength of concrete and design a concrete structure considering the multi-axial strength of concrete, a general method for calculating the multi-axial strength under an arbitrary multi-parameter strength criteria is presented in this paper by using the overload factor of equivalent ratio, K_(OL). Taking a completed arch dam as an example, the equal proportional overload factor,K_(OL), and the failure distance factor, K_(FD), are calculated, respectively, and compared with the safety factor of uniaxial strength. Then,the necessity of designing a concrete arch dam according to the multi-axial strength is pointed out. Based on the definition of K_(FD) and the analysis of an example, it is suggested that K_(FD) should be consideredas an index for the safety design and the checking of multi-axial strength of arch dams.
引文
[1]MOHAMMADI M,WU Yufei.Triaxial test for concrete under non-uniform passive confinement[J].Construction and Building Materials,2017,138:455-468.
[2]RONG Chong,SHI Qingxuan,ZHANG Ting,et al.New failure criterion models for concrete under multiaxial stress in compression[J].Construction and Building Materials,2018,161:432-441.
[3]WANG Huailing,SONG Yupu.Behavior of mass concrete under biaxial compression-tension and triaxial compressioncompression-tension[J].Materials and Structures,2009,42:241-249.
[4]俞茂宏,赵坚,关令苇.岩石、混凝土强度理论:历史、现况、发展[J].自然科学进展,1997,7(6):653-660.(YU Maohong,ZHAO Jian,GUAN Lingwei.Strength theory of rock and concrete:history,present situation,development[J].Advances in Natural Science,1997,7(6):653-660.(in Chinese))
[5]日本大坝委员会.坝工设计规范(第二次修订版)[M].钱志春,译.北京:水利出版社,1981.
[6]索科洛夫ИВ,罗崇贤.设计混凝土和钢筋混凝土坝的新规范[J].人民长江,1978,9(2):74-75.(SOCOLOVEИВ,LUOChongxian.New code for design of concrete and reinforced concrete dams[J].Yangtze River,1978,9(2):74-75.(in Chinese))
[7]过镇海.1990CEB-FIP模式规范(砼结构)有关内容介绍(一):砼的多轴强度和本构关系(Ⅰ)[J].建筑结构,1995(8):49-56.(GUO Zhenhai.Introduction of 1990CEF-FIP mode code:multiaxial strength and constitutive relation of concrete[J].Building Structure,1995(8):49-56.(in Chinese))
[8]金学龙,陈新华.混凝土在三轴压力下的强度、变形和破坏准则[J].水利学报,1982,13(6):51-56.(JIN Xuelong,CHENXinhua.Strength,deformation and failure criteria of concrete under triaxial compression[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1982,13(6):51-56.(in Chinese))
[9]于骁中,居襄.混凝土的强度和破坏[J].水利学报,1983,14(2):22-36.(YU Yaozhong,JU Xiang.The strength and failure of conerete[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1983,14(2):22-36.(in Chinese))
[10]王传志,过镇海,张秀琴.二轴和三轴高压混凝土的强度试验[J].土木工程学报,1987,20(1):15-27.(WANG Chuangzhi,GUO Zhenhai,ZHANG Xiuqin.Experimental investigation of concrete strength under biaxial and triaxial compressive stresses[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1987,20(1):15-27.(in Chinese))
[11]李建林,金学龙,赵佩钰.双轴拉压应力作用下混凝土强度的试验研究[J].水力发电学报,1989,25(2):36-50.(LIJianlin,JIN Xuelong,ZHAO Peiyu.An experimental study on concrete hollow cylinder under biaxial compressive and tensile stresses[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,1989,25(2):36-50.(in Chinese))
[12]蒋林华,谢年祥,林毓梅.拉压二轴受力下混凝土特性的试验研究[J].水利学报,1990,21(3):59-65.(JANG Linhua,XIE Nianxiang,LIN Yumei.Experiment research on the characteristic of concrete under tension-compression biaxial loading[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1990,21(3):59-65.(in Chinese))
[13]李伟政,过镇海.二轴拉压应力状态下混凝土的强度和变形试验研究[J].水利学报,1991,22(8):51-56.(LI Weizheng,GUO Zhenhai.Experiment research on strength and deformation of concrete under biaxial tension-compression stress[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1991,22(8):51-56.(in Chinese))
[14]于骁中,曹建国,郭桂兰.混凝土的二轴强度及其在拱坝设计中的应用[C]//水利水电科学研究院.水利水电科学研究院科学研究论文集(第19集).北京:水利电力出版社,1984:17-23.
[15]李嘉进,陈志勋.多轴受力下混凝土强度和变形的试验研究[J].水电站设计,1991(4):45-52.(LI Jiajing,CHEN Zhixun.Exeprimental research of conerete strength and deformation under polyaxial force-bearing[J].Design of Hydroelectric Power Station,1991(4):45-52.(in Chinese))
[16]杨木秋.混凝土二轴受压与二轴拉压强度及其在拱坝设计中的应用[J].人民长江,1992,23(6):35-39.(YANG Muqiu.Biaxial compression and biaxial tension-compression strength of concrete and its application in arch dam design[J].Yangtze River,1992,23(6):35-39.(in Chinese)).
[17]钟贻辉,冉璟,秦勇.溪洛渡大坝混凝土二维应力状态下破坏准则与本构关系试验研究[J].水电站设计,2015(2):64-68.(ZHONG Yihui,RAN Jing,QIN Yong.Experimental study on failure criterion and constitutive relationship of concrete under Biaxial stress state for Xiluodu dam[J].Design of Hydroelectric Power Station,2015(2):64-68.(in Chinese))
[18]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.混凝土结构设计规范:GB 500l0-2002[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[19]中华人民共和国国家能源局.水工混凝土结构设计规范:DL/T 5057-2009[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2009.
[20]中华人民共和国水利部.混凝土拱坝设计规范:SL 282-2018[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2018.
[21]电力行业水电规划设计标准化技术委员会.混凝土拱坝设计规范:DLT 5346-2006[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2006.
[22]钱向东,焦彩虹.基于多参数强度准则的安全系数定义问题[J].水利水电科技进展,2007,27(4):34-37.(QIANXiangdong,JIAO Caihong.On the definitions of factor of safety based on multi-parameter strength criterion[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2007,27(4):34-37.(in Chinese))
[23]钱向东,姜弘道.多轴强度安全系数的定义及应用[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2008,25(1):38-42.(QIAN Xiangdong,JIANG Hongdao.Definition and application of safety factor for multi-axial strength[J].Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering,2008,25(1):38-42.(in Chinese))
[24]钱向东,何晓萍,焦彩虹,等.混凝土的多轴强度安全系数及其应用[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(02):121-126.(QIAN Xiangdong,HE Xiaoping,JIAO Caihong,ZHOU Jing.Safety factor for multi-axial strength of concrete and its application[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2015,43(2):121-126.(in Chinese))
[25]过镇海.混凝土的强度和变形试验基础和本构关系[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997.
[26]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.混凝土结构设计规范:GB 500l0-2010[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2015.
[27]江见鲸,陆新征,叶列平.混凝土结构有限元分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[2]RONG Chong,SHI Qingxuan,ZHANG Ting,et al.New failure criterion models for concrete under multiaxial stress in compression[J].Construction and Building Materials,2018,161:432-441.
[3]WANG Huailing,SONG Yupu.Behavior of mass concrete under biaxial compression-tension and triaxial compressioncompression-tension[J].Materials and Structures,2009,42:241-249.
[4]俞茂宏,赵坚,关令苇.岩石、混凝土强度理论:历史、现况、发展[J].自然科学进展,1997,7(6):653-660.(YU Maohong,ZHAO Jian,GUAN Lingwei.Strength theory of rock and concrete:history,present situation,development[J].Advances in Natural Science,1997,7(6):653-660.(in Chinese))
[5]日本大坝委员会.坝工设计规范(第二次修订版)[M].钱志春,译.北京:水利出版社,1981.
[6]索科洛夫ИВ,罗崇贤.设计混凝土和钢筋混凝土坝的新规范[J].人民长江,1978,9(2):74-75.(SOCOLOVEИВ,LUOChongxian.New code for design of concrete and reinforced concrete dams[J].Yangtze River,1978,9(2):74-75.(in Chinese))
[7]过镇海.1990CEB-FIP模式规范(砼结构)有关内容介绍(一):砼的多轴强度和本构关系(Ⅰ)[J].建筑结构,1995(8):49-56.(GUO Zhenhai.Introduction of 1990CEF-FIP mode code:multiaxial strength and constitutive relation of concrete[J].Building Structure,1995(8):49-56.(in Chinese))
[8]金学龙,陈新华.混凝土在三轴压力下的强度、变形和破坏准则[J].水利学报,1982,13(6):51-56.(JIN Xuelong,CHENXinhua.Strength,deformation and failure criteria of concrete under triaxial compression[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1982,13(6):51-56.(in Chinese))
[9]于骁中,居襄.混凝土的强度和破坏[J].水利学报,1983,14(2):22-36.(YU Yaozhong,JU Xiang.The strength and failure of conerete[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1983,14(2):22-36.(in Chinese))
[10]王传志,过镇海,张秀琴.二轴和三轴高压混凝土的强度试验[J].土木工程学报,1987,20(1):15-27.(WANG Chuangzhi,GUO Zhenhai,ZHANG Xiuqin.Experimental investigation of concrete strength under biaxial and triaxial compressive stresses[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1987,20(1):15-27.(in Chinese))
[11]李建林,金学龙,赵佩钰.双轴拉压应力作用下混凝土强度的试验研究[J].水力发电学报,1989,25(2):36-50.(LIJianlin,JIN Xuelong,ZHAO Peiyu.An experimental study on concrete hollow cylinder under biaxial compressive and tensile stresses[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,1989,25(2):36-50.(in Chinese))
[12]蒋林华,谢年祥,林毓梅.拉压二轴受力下混凝土特性的试验研究[J].水利学报,1990,21(3):59-65.(JANG Linhua,XIE Nianxiang,LIN Yumei.Experiment research on the characteristic of concrete under tension-compression biaxial loading[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1990,21(3):59-65.(in Chinese))
[13]李伟政,过镇海.二轴拉压应力状态下混凝土的强度和变形试验研究[J].水利学报,1991,22(8):51-56.(LI Weizheng,GUO Zhenhai.Experiment research on strength and deformation of concrete under biaxial tension-compression stress[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1991,22(8):51-56.(in Chinese))
[14]于骁中,曹建国,郭桂兰.混凝土的二轴强度及其在拱坝设计中的应用[C]//水利水电科学研究院.水利水电科学研究院科学研究论文集(第19集).北京:水利电力出版社,1984:17-23.
[15]李嘉进,陈志勋.多轴受力下混凝土强度和变形的试验研究[J].水电站设计,1991(4):45-52.(LI Jiajing,CHEN Zhixun.Exeprimental research of conerete strength and deformation under polyaxial force-bearing[J].Design of Hydroelectric Power Station,1991(4):45-52.(in Chinese))
[16]杨木秋.混凝土二轴受压与二轴拉压强度及其在拱坝设计中的应用[J].人民长江,1992,23(6):35-39.(YANG Muqiu.Biaxial compression and biaxial tension-compression strength of concrete and its application in arch dam design[J].Yangtze River,1992,23(6):35-39.(in Chinese)).
[17]钟贻辉,冉璟,秦勇.溪洛渡大坝混凝土二维应力状态下破坏准则与本构关系试验研究[J].水电站设计,2015(2):64-68.(ZHONG Yihui,RAN Jing,QIN Yong.Experimental study on failure criterion and constitutive relationship of concrete under Biaxial stress state for Xiluodu dam[J].Design of Hydroelectric Power Station,2015(2):64-68.(in Chinese))
[18]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.混凝土结构设计规范:GB 500l0-2002[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[19]中华人民共和国国家能源局.水工混凝土结构设计规范:DL/T 5057-2009[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2009.
[20]中华人民共和国水利部.混凝土拱坝设计规范:SL 282-2018[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2018.
[21]电力行业水电规划设计标准化技术委员会.混凝土拱坝设计规范:DLT 5346-2006[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2006.
[22]钱向东,焦彩虹.基于多参数强度准则的安全系数定义问题[J].水利水电科技进展,2007,27(4):34-37.(QIANXiangdong,JIAO Caihong.On the definitions of factor of safety based on multi-parameter strength criterion[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2007,27(4):34-37.(in Chinese))
[23]钱向东,姜弘道.多轴强度安全系数的定义及应用[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2008,25(1):38-42.(QIAN Xiangdong,JIANG Hongdao.Definition and application of safety factor for multi-axial strength[J].Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering,2008,25(1):38-42.(in Chinese))
[24]钱向东,何晓萍,焦彩虹,等.混凝土的多轴强度安全系数及其应用[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(02):121-126.(QIAN Xiangdong,HE Xiaoping,JIAO Caihong,ZHOU Jing.Safety factor for multi-axial strength of concrete and its application[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2015,43(2):121-126.(in Chinese))
[25]过镇海.混凝土的强度和变形试验基础和本构关系[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997.
[26]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.混凝土结构设计规范:GB 500l0-2010[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2015.
[27]江见鲸,陆新征,叶列平.混凝土结构有限元分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.