库车坳陷高陡构造地区零井源距VSP资料波场分析与识别
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摘要
库车坳陷属于高陡构造地区,油气资源丰富,勘探潜力巨大.但是该地区地下构造复杂,断裂发育,地层倾角陡,地震波场复杂,地震成像品质较差是制约库车复杂构造研究的主要因素.零井源距VSP资料波场上转换横波很发育,波场记录上转换横波和纵波同时存在造成该地区地面地震波场相当复杂,影响地面地震资料的成像品质.因此为了避免地面地震资料处理过程中各种波场的相互影响,利用VSP波场信息能防止地面地震资料处理过程中可能出现的"陷阱".本文充分发挥VSP波场信息丰富的特点,通过库车坳陷高陡构造地区零井源距VSP波场正演模拟和实际资料波场分析,准确识别纵波和转换横波波场,并利用有效的波场分离手段分离出VSP纵波波场和VSP转换横波波场.通过VSP纵横波波场与实际地面地震资料对比,能很好地识别出了地面地震资料上的纵波和转换横波波场,为库车坳陷高陡构造地区地面地震资料处理提供参考依据.研究表明:库车坳陷高陡构造地区转换横波在地震纵波成像中影响较大,建议库车坳陷高陡构造地区地面地震处理要加强转换横波的识别与应用,进一步加强井地联合处理攻关研究,获得更可靠、更高品质的纵波资料,同时也能得到更为丰富的转换横波资料.
Kuqa depression belongs to high steep structure area,rich in oil and gas resources and great exploration potential.However,the underground structures in this area are complex,faults are developed,the dip angle is steep,the seismic wave field is complex,and the seismic imaging quality is poor. It is the main factor that restricts the study of complex structures in Kuqa. The converted shear wave is very developed in the wave field of the zerooffset VSP data, and the wave field records the simultaneous existence of up converted shear wave and longitudinal wave. The seismic wave field in the area is quite complex and affects the imaging quality of seismic data. Therefore,in order to avoid the interaction of various wave fields during seismic data processing,the VSP wave field information can be used to prevent possible"traps"in seismic data processing. This paper gives full play to the rich information of VSP wave field. The zero-offset VSP data in high and steep structures area from VSP wave field forward modeling and wave field analysis of actual data,accurately identify the P-wave and converted wave field, and the use of effective wave field separating means for separating VSP compressional wave and the VSP wave field conversion. By comparing the VSP vertical wave field with the actual seismic data,the P-wave and converted shear wave fields on seismic data can be well recognized,which provides a reference for seismic data processing in high and steep structures area. The study shows that converted waves in high and steep structures contribute greatly to seismic P-wave imaging. We suggest that the high steep structure area of seismic processing to strengthen the recognition and application of converted wave, and further strengthen the combination of VSP and seismic research,to obtain P-wave data more reliable and high quality,but also can get richer data converted wave.
Kuqa depression belongs to high steep structure area,rich in oil and gas resources and great exploration potential.However,the underground structures in this area are complex,faults are developed,the dip angle is steep,the seismic wave field is complex,and the seismic imaging quality is poor. It is the main factor that restricts the study of complex structures in Kuqa. The converted shear wave is very developed in the wave field of the zerooffset VSP data, and the wave field records the simultaneous existence of up converted shear wave and longitudinal wave. The seismic wave field in the area is quite complex and affects the imaging quality of seismic data. Therefore,in order to avoid the interaction of various wave fields during seismic data processing,the VSP wave field information can be used to prevent possible"traps"in seismic data processing. This paper gives full play to the rich information of VSP wave field. The zero-offset VSP data in high and steep structures area from VSP wave field forward modeling and wave field analysis of actual data,accurately identify the P-wave and converted wave field, and the use of effective wave field separating means for separating VSP compressional wave and the VSP wave field conversion. By comparing the VSP vertical wave field with the actual seismic data,the P-wave and converted shear wave fields on seismic data can be well recognized,which provides a reference for seismic data processing in high and steep structures area. The study shows that converted waves in high and steep structures contribute greatly to seismic P-wave imaging. We suggest that the high steep structure area of seismic processing to strengthen the recognition and application of converted wave, and further strengthen the combination of VSP and seismic research,to obtain P-wave data more reliable and high quality,but also can get richer data converted wave.
引文
CAI M G,YAO C,WANG H N.2012.Moveout and parameter estimation of converted waves at CMP gathers from 3D dipping interface[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),55(07):2432-2440,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.07.027.
Cai Z D,Zhang Q H,Liu C W.2015.Zero-offset VSP imaging method for complex structures[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,54(3):309-316.
CHEN S C,ZHANG B.2012.Steeply-dipping structures migration based on the wavefield vertical-and horizontal-extrapolation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),55(4):1300-1306,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.04.025
Cheng J B,Ma Z T,Tao Z X,et al.2006.Imaging study of piedmont complex structures[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(In Chinese),41(5):525-529.
DONG W,FU L Y,XIAO Y J,GUAN X Zet al.2011.Quantitative analysis of the complexity in seismic exploration of the high and steep structures in Kuqa depression[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),54(6):1600-1613,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.06.020.
DU J,WANG S X,LIU G C,et al.2009.VSP wavefield separation using local slopes attribute[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),52(7):1867-1872.
FAN T E,HUANG Xu-Ri,MA Shu-Fang.2016.VSP migration based on high angle one-way wave equation in time-space domain and its applications[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),59(9):3459-3469,doi:10.6038/cjg20160928.
FU L Y,XIAO Y J,SUN W J,et al.2013.Seismic imaging studies of complex high and steep structures in Kuqa depression[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),56(6):1985-2001,doi:10.6038/cjg20130620.
GAO L,CHEN W C,WANG B L,et al.2013.Zero-offset VSPwavefield separation using Two-Step SVD approach[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),56(5):1667-1675,doi:10.6038/cjg20130524.
Jianxin W,Di Bangrang.2005.The observation of multiwavemulticomponent wave-field with seismic physical modeling[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petrole(In Chinese),44(6):539-544.
LI X L,MAO W J.2016.Multimode and multicomponent Gaussian beam prestack depth migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),59(8):2989-3005,doi:10.6038/cjg20160822.
LI Z N,LI Z C,WANG P.2014.Wavefield separation by a modified linear Radon transform in borehole seismic[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),57(7):2269-2277,doi:10.6038/cjg20140721.
LIANG S L,XU J X,SUN X P,et al.2017.Stationary phase analysis of seismic interferometry applied to VSP data and high-angle structure imaging[J].Progress in Geophysics(In Chinese),32(1):198-204,doi:10.6038/pg20170127.
Liang X,Luo B,Zhang X,et al.2014.Complicated dipping structure zero-offset VSP-CDP imaging using constant velocity gradient raytracing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(In Chinese),49(2):271-277.
LIU S W,WANG H Z,CHEN S C,et al.2012.Joint imaging method of VSP upgoing and downgoing reflection wave[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),55(09):3126-3133,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.09.030
LIU S Z,SHI Y,GUO X B,et al.2014.Investigation on reverse-time migration of VSP data[J].Progress in Geophysics(In Chinese),29(5):2211-2218,doi:10.6038/pg20140533.
Liu Y,Wei X C.2003.Some problems and strategies in convertecpwave seismic exploration[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(In Chinese),26(4):247-251.
Ma S K,Xia Q,Xu S,et al.2005.A Study on Mountainous area High Dip Angle Strata 3D Seismic Data Processing[J].Coal Geology of China(In Chinese),17(4):41-44.
WANG H Z,FENG B,LIU S Y,et al.2015.Characteristic wavefield decomposition,imaging and inversion with prestack seismic data[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),58(6):2024-2034,doi:10.6038/cjg20150617.
WANG J,YANG C C,LIU H H,et al.2006.VSP multiwave image with Kirchhoff Method[J].Progress in Geophysics(In Chinese),21(3):845-855.
WANG Y N,ZHANG X P,LI Q C.2015.Converted-wave Pre-depth migration based on angle domain[J].Progress in Geophysics(In Chinese),30(5):2393-2398,doi:10.6038/pg20150556.
Xu L P,Yang Q Y.2002.On the development and prospect of multiwave multicomponent seismology[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(In Chinese),25(3):47-52.
Zhang Y,Xu L,Chen L K,et al.2005.Technical countermeasure of seismic imaging for complex structure in foreland overthrust belt[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development(In Chinese),32(5):62-64.
ZHAO H B,CHEN B J,LI K Z,et al.2011.VSP record numerical modeling in viscoelastic media and its application in the study of Q-value estimation method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),54(2):329-335,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.008.
Zhu G M,Yang W C,Yang Z H,et al.2008.Vertical seismic profiling at the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),51(2):479-490.
ZHU H L,ZHANG S.2012.A high fidelity WSP method of wavefeild separation[J].Progress in Geophysics(In Chinese),27(4):1557-1564,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.032.
蔡明刚,姚陈,王海宁.2012.三维倾斜界面PS转换波CMP道集时距及参数估计[J].地球物理学报,55(07):2432-2440,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.07.027.
蔡志东,张庆红,刘聪伟.2015.复杂构造地区零井源距VSP成像方法研究[J].石油物探,54(3):309-316.
陈生昌,张博.2012.基于波场垂向和水平方向外推的高陡构造偏移[J].地球物理学报,55(4):1300-1306,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.04.025.
程玖兵,马在田,陶正喜,等.2006.山前带复杂构造成像方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,41(5):525-529.
杜婧,王尚旭,刘国昌,等.2009.基于局部斜率属性的VSP波场分离研究[J].地球物理学报,52(7):1867-1872.
董文,符力耘,肖又军,等.2011.库车坳陷高陡构造地震勘探复杂性定量分析[J].地球物理学报,54(6):1600-1613,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.06.020
范廷恩,黄旭日,马淑芳.2016.VSP时空域高角度单程波方程偏移及其应用研究[J].地球物理学报,59(9):3459-3469,doi:10.6038/cjg20160928.
符力耘,肖又军,孙伟家,等.2013.库车坳陷复杂高陡构造地震成像研究[J].地球物理学报,56(6):1985-2001,doi:10.6038/cjg20130620.
高磊,陈文超,王保利,等.2013.基于两步SVD变换的零偏VSP资料上下行波场分离方法[J].地球物理学报,56(5):1667-1675,doi:10.6038/cjg20130524.
栗学磊,毛伟建.2016.多波多分量高斯束叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,59(8):2989-3005,doi:10.6038/cjg20160822.
李志娜,李振春,王鹏.2014.基于改进线性Radon变换的井孔地震上下行波场分离方法[J].地球物理学报,57(7):2269-2277,doi:10.6038/cjg20140721.
梁向豪,罗斌,张新东.2014.复杂高陡构造零井源距VSP资料常速度梯度射线追踪法VSP-CDP成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,49(2):271-277.
梁上林,徐基祥,孙夕平,等.2017.VSP地震干涉测量的稳相分析与高陡构造成像[J].地球物理学进展,32(1):198-204,doi:10.6038/pg20170127.
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魏建新,狄帮让.2005.多波多分量波场的地震物理模型观测[J].石油物探,44(6):539-544.
徐丽萍,杨勤勇.2002.多波多分量地震技术发展与展望[J].勘探地球物理进展,25(3):47-52.
赵海波,陈百军,李奎周,等.2011.黏弹性介质VSP记录模拟及在估算Q值研究中应用[J].地球物理学报,54(2):329-335,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.008.
张研,徐凌,陈立康.2005.前陆冲断带复杂构造地震成像技术对策[J].石油勘探与开发,32(5):62-64.
朱光明,杨文采,杨正华,等.2008.中国大陆科学钻探孔区的垂直地震剖面调查[J].地球物理学报,51(2):479-490.
朱海龙,张山.2012.高保真VSP波场分离方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,27(4):1557-1564,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.032.
Cai Z D,Zhang Q H,Liu C W.2015.Zero-offset VSP imaging method for complex structures[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,54(3):309-316.
CHEN S C,ZHANG B.2012.Steeply-dipping structures migration based on the wavefield vertical-and horizontal-extrapolation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),55(4):1300-1306,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.04.025
Cheng J B,Ma Z T,Tao Z X,et al.2006.Imaging study of piedmont complex structures[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(In Chinese),41(5):525-529.
DONG W,FU L Y,XIAO Y J,GUAN X Zet al.2011.Quantitative analysis of the complexity in seismic exploration of the high and steep structures in Kuqa depression[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),54(6):1600-1613,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.06.020.
DU J,WANG S X,LIU G C,et al.2009.VSP wavefield separation using local slopes attribute[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),52(7):1867-1872.
FAN T E,HUANG Xu-Ri,MA Shu-Fang.2016.VSP migration based on high angle one-way wave equation in time-space domain and its applications[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),59(9):3459-3469,doi:10.6038/cjg20160928.
FU L Y,XIAO Y J,SUN W J,et al.2013.Seismic imaging studies of complex high and steep structures in Kuqa depression[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),56(6):1985-2001,doi:10.6038/cjg20130620.
GAO L,CHEN W C,WANG B L,et al.2013.Zero-offset VSPwavefield separation using Two-Step SVD approach[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),56(5):1667-1675,doi:10.6038/cjg20130524.
Jianxin W,Di Bangrang.2005.The observation of multiwavemulticomponent wave-field with seismic physical modeling[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petrole(In Chinese),44(6):539-544.
LI X L,MAO W J.2016.Multimode and multicomponent Gaussian beam prestack depth migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),59(8):2989-3005,doi:10.6038/cjg20160822.
LI Z N,LI Z C,WANG P.2014.Wavefield separation by a modified linear Radon transform in borehole seismic[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),57(7):2269-2277,doi:10.6038/cjg20140721.
LIANG S L,XU J X,SUN X P,et al.2017.Stationary phase analysis of seismic interferometry applied to VSP data and high-angle structure imaging[J].Progress in Geophysics(In Chinese),32(1):198-204,doi:10.6038/pg20170127.
Liang X,Luo B,Zhang X,et al.2014.Complicated dipping structure zero-offset VSP-CDP imaging using constant velocity gradient raytracing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(In Chinese),49(2):271-277.
LIU S W,WANG H Z,CHEN S C,et al.2012.Joint imaging method of VSP upgoing and downgoing reflection wave[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),55(09):3126-3133,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.09.030
LIU S Z,SHI Y,GUO X B,et al.2014.Investigation on reverse-time migration of VSP data[J].Progress in Geophysics(In Chinese),29(5):2211-2218,doi:10.6038/pg20140533.
Liu Y,Wei X C.2003.Some problems and strategies in convertecpwave seismic exploration[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(In Chinese),26(4):247-251.
Ma S K,Xia Q,Xu S,et al.2005.A Study on Mountainous area High Dip Angle Strata 3D Seismic Data Processing[J].Coal Geology of China(In Chinese),17(4):41-44.
WANG H Z,FENG B,LIU S Y,et al.2015.Characteristic wavefield decomposition,imaging and inversion with prestack seismic data[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),58(6):2024-2034,doi:10.6038/cjg20150617.
WANG J,YANG C C,LIU H H,et al.2006.VSP multiwave image with Kirchhoff Method[J].Progress in Geophysics(In Chinese),21(3):845-855.
WANG Y N,ZHANG X P,LI Q C.2015.Converted-wave Pre-depth migration based on angle domain[J].Progress in Geophysics(In Chinese),30(5):2393-2398,doi:10.6038/pg20150556.
Xu L P,Yang Q Y.2002.On the development and prospect of multiwave multicomponent seismology[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(In Chinese),25(3):47-52.
Zhang Y,Xu L,Chen L K,et al.2005.Technical countermeasure of seismic imaging for complex structure in foreland overthrust belt[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development(In Chinese),32(5):62-64.
ZHAO H B,CHEN B J,LI K Z,et al.2011.VSP record numerical modeling in viscoelastic media and its application in the study of Q-value estimation method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),54(2):329-335,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.008.
Zhu G M,Yang W C,Yang Z H,et al.2008.Vertical seismic profiling at the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),51(2):479-490.
ZHU H L,ZHANG S.2012.A high fidelity WSP method of wavefeild separation[J].Progress in Geophysics(In Chinese),27(4):1557-1564,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.032.
蔡明刚,姚陈,王海宁.2012.三维倾斜界面PS转换波CMP道集时距及参数估计[J].地球物理学报,55(07):2432-2440,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.07.027.
蔡志东,张庆红,刘聪伟.2015.复杂构造地区零井源距VSP成像方法研究[J].石油物探,54(3):309-316.
陈生昌,张博.2012.基于波场垂向和水平方向外推的高陡构造偏移[J].地球物理学报,55(4):1300-1306,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.04.025.
程玖兵,马在田,陶正喜,等.2006.山前带复杂构造成像方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,41(5):525-529.
杜婧,王尚旭,刘国昌,等.2009.基于局部斜率属性的VSP波场分离研究[J].地球物理学报,52(7):1867-1872.
董文,符力耘,肖又军,等.2011.库车坳陷高陡构造地震勘探复杂性定量分析[J].地球物理学报,54(6):1600-1613,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.06.020
范廷恩,黄旭日,马淑芳.2016.VSP时空域高角度单程波方程偏移及其应用研究[J].地球物理学报,59(9):3459-3469,doi:10.6038/cjg20160928.
符力耘,肖又军,孙伟家,等.2013.库车坳陷复杂高陡构造地震成像研究[J].地球物理学报,56(6):1985-2001,doi:10.6038/cjg20130620.
高磊,陈文超,王保利,等.2013.基于两步SVD变换的零偏VSP资料上下行波场分离方法[J].地球物理学报,56(5):1667-1675,doi:10.6038/cjg20130524.
栗学磊,毛伟建.2016.多波多分量高斯束叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,59(8):2989-3005,doi:10.6038/cjg20160822.
李志娜,李振春,王鹏.2014.基于改进线性Radon变换的井孔地震上下行波场分离方法[J].地球物理学报,57(7):2269-2277,doi:10.6038/cjg20140721.
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