张渤地震带及邻区近震体波成像及孕震环境分析
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摘要
针对张渤地震带深部孕震构造环境和地幔岩浆对地壳底侵作用的问题,本文充分收集了华北地区区域数字地震台网176个固定台站记录到的观测数据,应用近震体波层析成像方法,获得了华北地区地壳的P波三维速度结构和VP/VS波速比.依据VP/VS波速比能反映岩石物理性质和流变学特征的特性,并结合人工地震测深剖面、大地电磁测深、地球化学等成果,讨论了张渤地震带的孕震环境和动力学机制等问题.研究结果显示:张渤地震带强震位于高低速异常分界线附近或偏向高速体一侧,震源体下方均存在广泛的低速异常分布,据此推测这些低速异常的存在可能与流体有关,同时也揭示出张渤地震带地震主要分布在上地壳,从震源深度分布及地壳物性结构分析上地壳具有发震的构造背景,也有发震的物性基础,是一个易震层和多震层.张渤地震带地壳内部在20km下方存在偏高的波速比特征,这些可能反映了在该区域内中、上地壳幔源物质的侵入和热状态的岩体在横向上的变化,可能是地幔岩浆长期底侵作用的结果.由于深部幔源物质的侵入,使得地壳深部流体的供给量增加,在地壳发震层下长期存在的流体会影响断裂带的结构,降低断裂带的强度,使区域应力场发生变化从而导致断裂带上应力的集中,进而引发地震发生.
This study focused on the deep seismo-tectonic environment and mantle magma underplating of the Zhangbo(Zhangjiakou-Bohai)seismic belt in North China.We fully collected the observational data recorded by 176 permanent stations of the regional digital seismograph network in North China,and applied the body wave tomography method to obtain the threedimensional P-wave velocity structure and VP/VSof the crust in North China,which permits toinfer the physical features and rheological characteristics of rock.Combined with the artificial seismic sounding profiles,magnetotelluric and geochemistry surveys,some issues such as the seismogenic environment and dynamic mechanism of the Zhangbo seismic belt are addressed.Results show that the major earthquakes in the Zhangbo seismic belt are typically located near the high-low-velocity anomaly boundary or on the high-velocity side.There are a wide range of lowvelocity anomalies beneath the source bodies,which are speculated to be associated with the presence of fluid.Our results also reveal the major earthquakes in the Zhangbo seismic belt are mainly distributed in the upper crust.Based on the depth distribution of hypocenters and the physical structure analysis,we suggest the upper crust has tectonic setting and the physical properties for generation of earthquakes.There is a high velocities ratio below 20 km within the crust in the Zhangbo seismic which may reflect the intrusion of mantle-derived materials in the middle-upper crust and lateral thermal changes of the rock mass in the region,which could be related to long-term under plating of mantle magma.Due to the invasion of deep mantle source material and increase of the supply of deep fluid in the crust,the long-term existence of fluid under the crustal seismogenic layer will affect the structure of the fault zone and reduce its strength,thus changing the regional stress field,leading to the strain concentration on the fault zone,which triggers earthquakes in this area.
This study focused on the deep seismo-tectonic environment and mantle magma underplating of the Zhangbo(Zhangjiakou-Bohai)seismic belt in North China.We fully collected the observational data recorded by 176 permanent stations of the regional digital seismograph network in North China,and applied the body wave tomography method to obtain the threedimensional P-wave velocity structure and VP/VSof the crust in North China,which permits toinfer the physical features and rheological characteristics of rock.Combined with the artificial seismic sounding profiles,magnetotelluric and geochemistry surveys,some issues such as the seismogenic environment and dynamic mechanism of the Zhangbo seismic belt are addressed.Results show that the major earthquakes in the Zhangbo seismic belt are typically located near the high-low-velocity anomaly boundary or on the high-velocity side.There are a wide range of lowvelocity anomalies beneath the source bodies,which are speculated to be associated with the presence of fluid.Our results also reveal the major earthquakes in the Zhangbo seismic belt are mainly distributed in the upper crust.Based on the depth distribution of hypocenters and the physical structure analysis,we suggest the upper crust has tectonic setting and the physical properties for generation of earthquakes.There is a high velocities ratio below 20 km within the crust in the Zhangbo seismic which may reflect the intrusion of mantle-derived materials in the middle-upper crust and lateral thermal changes of the rock mass in the region,which could be related to long-term under plating of mantle magma.Due to the invasion of deep mantle source material and increase of the supply of deep fluid in the crust,the long-term existence of fluid under the crustal seismogenic layer will affect the structure of the fault zone and reduce its strength,thus changing the regional stress field,leading to the strain concentration on the fault zone,which triggers earthquakes in this area.
引文
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Ge C,Zheng Y,Xiong X.2011.Study of crustal thickness and Poisson ratio of the north china Craton.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54(10):2538-2548,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.10.011.
Gu G X.1983.Catalog of Chinese Earthquakes(1831BC-1969AD)(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,1-894.
Gu Y Z,Lin Y W,Zhang P R.2001.Application of gas geochemical method to prediction of seismic trend after mainshock.Earthquake(in Chinese),21(2):102-104.
Haslinger F,Kissling E.2001.Investigating effects of 3-D ray tracing methods in local earthquake tomography.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,123(2-4):103-114.
Hickman S,Sibson R,Bruhn R.1995.Introduction to special section:Mechanical involvement of fluids in faulting.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,100(B7):12831-12840.
Huang J L,Zhao D P.2005.Fine three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure beneath the capital region and deep environment for the nucleation of strong earthquakes.Chinese Science Bulletin,50(6):544-552.
Huang J L,Zhao D P.2009.Seismic imaging of the crust and upper mantle under Beijing and Surrounding regions.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,173(3-4):330-348.
Liu C Q,Jia S X.1986.Structural property of the crust and the upper mantle in the Tangshan earthquake region:A method of computing body wave theoretical seismogram and the result of analysis of 2-D inhomogeneous media(in Chinese).Acta Seismol Sin,8:341-353.
Ji S C,Wang Q,Yang W C.2009.Correlation between crustal thickness and Poisson′s ratio in the North China Craton and its implication for lithospheric thinning.Acta Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),83(3):324-330.
Jia S X,Liu C Q.1996.VP/VSanomaly and earthquake in Xingtai epicentral region.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),39(S1):205-215.
Jia S X,Liu C Q.1996.VP/VSanomaly and earthquake in Xingtai epicentral region.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),39(S1):205-215.
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