砂质泥岩人工冻结力学特性的单轴声发射研究
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摘要
人工冻结法是西部矿区竖井建设的主要方法,但针对西部软弱岩层的低温冻结研究仍不足。本文以内蒙古鄂尔多斯某矿区深部砂质泥岩为例,通过声发射技术研究了砂质泥岩在正冻过程以及不同温度下(常温及负温)单轴试验中的声发射特征变化。结果表明,正冻过程中泥岩的损伤主要集中在冻结前期,其损伤程度随时间逐渐维持在某一水平。单轴试验中,常温与负温环境下的岩石压密过程存在较大的差异性,且声发射参数随温度的降低而增加。上述成果对于进一步研究岩石在负温下物理力学性质变化的根本原因以及冰与岩石颗粒的作用机理有重要的参考价值。
Artificial freezing technology is the main method for deep shaft construction in western areas of China,and the related research on frozen rock of western area under low temperature remains to be deeply. In this paper,Based on mudstone from a mining area in Ordos from the Inner Mongolia,the acoustic emission technology is used to study the acoustic emission parameters variation of frozen mudstone in the freezing process and uniaxial compression test under different temperatures (normal and sub-zero temperatures),respectively. The results showed that the damage of frozen mudstone mainly concentrated in the early stage of the freezing process,and the damage maintained on a certain level as the freezing time continued. In uniaxial compression test,there is a great difference in process of rock compaction between normal and sub-zero temperature condition,furthermore,the variation trend of acoustic emission parameters increased as temperature decreased. The above research conclusions can provide valuable references to further researches of detecting the fundamental cause of the physico-mechanical properties of frozen rock as well as the interaction mechanism of ice and rock particle.
Artificial freezing technology is the main method for deep shaft construction in western areas of China,and the related research on frozen rock of western area under low temperature remains to be deeply. In this paper,Based on mudstone from a mining area in Ordos from the Inner Mongolia,the acoustic emission technology is used to study the acoustic emission parameters variation of frozen mudstone in the freezing process and uniaxial compression test under different temperatures (normal and sub-zero temperatures),respectively. The results showed that the damage of frozen mudstone mainly concentrated in the early stage of the freezing process,and the damage maintained on a certain level as the freezing time continued. In uniaxial compression test,there is a great difference in process of rock compaction between normal and sub-zero temperature condition,furthermore,the variation trend of acoustic emission parameters increased as temperature decreased. The above research conclusions can provide valuable references to further researches of detecting the fundamental cause of the physico-mechanical properties of frozen rock as well as the interaction mechanism of ice and rock particle.
引文
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[3]刘红岩,刘冶,邢闯锋,等.循环冻融条件下节理岩体损伤破坏试验研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(6):1547-1554.(Liu Hongyan,Liu ye,Xing Chuangfeng,et al.Test study of damage failure of jointed rock mass under freezing-thawing cycles[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(6):1547-1554.(in Chinese))
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[8]杨更社,屈永龙,李庆平,等.冻结风立井白垩系砂岩导热特性的试验研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(1):102-106.(Yang Gengshe,Qu Yonglong,Li Qingping,et al.Experimental Study on Thermal Conductivity Characteristics of Cretaceous Sandstone in Freezing Wind Shaft[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(1):102-106.(in Chinese))
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[11]徐光苗,刘泉声,彭万巍,等.低温作用下岩石基本力学性质试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2502-2508.(Xu Guangmiao,Liu Quansheng,Peng Wanwei,et al.Experimental study on basic mechanical behaviors of rock under low temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(12):2502-2508.(in Chinese))
[12]徐光苗,刘泉声.岩石冻融破坏机理分析及冻融力学试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3076-3082.(Xu Guangmiao,Liu Quansheng.Analysis of mechanism of rock failure due to freeze-thaw cycling and mechnical testing study on frozen-thawed rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3076-3082.(in Chinese))
[13]Chen T C,Yeung M R,Mori N.Effect of water saturation on deterioration of welded tuff due to freezethaw action[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2004,38(2-3):127-136.
[14]Zhang S,Lai Y,Zhang X,et al.Study on the damage propagation of surrounding rock from a cold-region tunnel under freeze-thaw cycle condition[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2004,19(3):295-302.
[15]Kodama J,Goto T,Fujii Y,et al.The effects of water content,temperature and loading rate on strength and failure process of frozen rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2013,62:1-13.
[16]贾海梁,刘清秉,项伟,等.冻融循环作用下饱和砂岩损伤扩展模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(增2):3049-3055.(Jia Hailiang,Liu Qingbing,Xiang Wei,et al.Damage evolution model of saturated sandstone under freeze-thaw cycles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(Supp.2):3049-3055.(in Chinese))
[17]刘泉声,康永水,黄兴,等.裂隙岩体冻融损伤关键问题及研究状况[J].岩土力学,2012,33(4):971-978.(Liu Quansheng,Kang Yongshui,Huang Xing,et al.Critical problems of freeze-thaw damage in fractured rock and their research status[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(4):971-978.(in Chinese))
[18]Luo X,Jiang N,Zuo C,et al.Damage characteristics of altered and unaltered diabases subjected to extremely cold freeze-thaw cycles[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2014,47(6):1997-2004.
[19]Kang Y,Liu Q,Huang S.A fully coupled thermohydro-mechanical model for rock mass under freezing/thawing condition[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2013,95:19-26.
[20]刘波,张功,李守定,等.砂质泥岩在低温劈裂试验中的声发射研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(增1):2702-2709.(Liu Bo,Zhang Gong,Li Shouding,et al.Acoustic emission study on frozen sandy mudstone in Brazilian splitting test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Supp.1):2702-2709.(in Chinese))
[21]张功.白垩系冻结岩石的力学试验及其损伤演化声发射特征研究论文[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2015.(Zhang Gong.Research on mechanics tests of Cretaceous frozen rock and damage evolution based on acoustic emission characteristics[D].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),2015.(in Chinese))
[22]Carpinteri A,Lacidogna G,Accornero F,et al.Influence of damage in the acoustic emission parameters[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,2013,44:9-16.
[23]Amitrano D,Gruber S,Girard L.Evidence of frostcracking inferred from acoustic emissions in a highalpine rock-wall[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2012,341-344:86-93.
[24]纪洪广,王宏伟,曹善忠,等.花岗岩单轴受压条件下声发射信号频率特征试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增1):2900-2905.(Ji Hongguang,Wang Hongwei,Cao Shanzhong,et al.Experimental research on frequency characteristics of acoustic emission signals under uniaxial compression of granite[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(Supp.1):2900-2905.(in Chinese))
[25]刘建坡,徐世达,李元辉,等.预制孔岩石破坏过程中的声发射时空演化特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(12):2538-2547.(Liu Jianpo,Xu Shida,Li Denghui,et al.Study of AE time-space evolution characteristics during failure process of rock specimens with prefabricated holes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(12):2538-2547.(in Chinese))
[2]Wilson C J L,Peternell M,Piazolo S,et al.Microstructure and fabric development in ice:Lessons learned from in situ experiments and implications for understanding rock evolution[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2014,61:50-77.
[3]刘红岩,刘冶,邢闯锋,等.循环冻融条件下节理岩体损伤破坏试验研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(6):1547-1554.(Liu Hongyan,Liu ye,Xing Chuangfeng,et al.Test study of damage failure of jointed rock mass under freezing-thawing cycles[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(6):1547-1554.(in Chinese))
[4]Krautblatter M,Funk D,Gunzel F K.Why perfrost rocks become unstable a rock-ice-mechanical model in time and space[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2013,38:876-887.
[5]马巍,王大雁.深土冻土力学的研究现状与思考[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(6):1123-1130.(Ma Wei,Wang Dayan.Status quo and reflections of the deep frozen soil mechanics[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(6):1123-1130.(in Chinese))
[6]杨更社,奚家米,李慧军,等.三向受力条件下冻结岩石力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(3):459-464.(Yang Gengshe,Xi jiami,Li Huijun,et al.Experimental study of rock mechanical properties under triaxial compressive and frozen conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(3):459-464.(in Chinese))
[7]刘慧,杨更社,叶万军,等.基于CT图像的冻结岩石冰含量及损伤特性分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(4):912-919.(Liu Hui,Yang Gengshe,Ye Wanjun,et al.Analysis of Ice Content and Damage Characteristics of Frozen Rock Based on Pseudo-color Enhanced CT Image[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(4):912-919.(in Chinese))
[8]杨更社,屈永龙,李庆平,等.冻结风立井白垩系砂岩导热特性的试验研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(1):102-106.(Yang Gengshe,Qu Yonglong,Li Qingping,et al.Experimental Study on Thermal Conductivity Characteristics of Cretaceous Sandstone in Freezing Wind Shaft[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(1):102-106.(in Chinese))
[9]刘慧,杨更社,田俊锋,等.冻结岩石细观结构及温度场数值模拟研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(6):1127-1132.(Liu Hui,Yang Geng-she,Tian Junfeng,et al.Meso-structural Character and Numerical Simulation of Temperature Field of Frozen-rock[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2007,3(6):1127-1132.(in Chinese))
[10]Takarli M,Prince W,Siddique R.Damage in granite under heating/cooling cycles and water freeze-thaw condition[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2008,45(7):1164-1175.
[11]徐光苗,刘泉声,彭万巍,等.低温作用下岩石基本力学性质试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2502-2508.(Xu Guangmiao,Liu Quansheng,Peng Wanwei,et al.Experimental study on basic mechanical behaviors of rock under low temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(12):2502-2508.(in Chinese))
[12]徐光苗,刘泉声.岩石冻融破坏机理分析及冻融力学试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3076-3082.(Xu Guangmiao,Liu Quansheng.Analysis of mechanism of rock failure due to freeze-thaw cycling and mechnical testing study on frozen-thawed rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3076-3082.(in Chinese))
[13]Chen T C,Yeung M R,Mori N.Effect of water saturation on deterioration of welded tuff due to freezethaw action[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2004,38(2-3):127-136.
[14]Zhang S,Lai Y,Zhang X,et al.Study on the damage propagation of surrounding rock from a cold-region tunnel under freeze-thaw cycle condition[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2004,19(3):295-302.
[15]Kodama J,Goto T,Fujii Y,et al.The effects of water content,temperature and loading rate on strength and failure process of frozen rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2013,62:1-13.
[16]贾海梁,刘清秉,项伟,等.冻融循环作用下饱和砂岩损伤扩展模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(增2):3049-3055.(Jia Hailiang,Liu Qingbing,Xiang Wei,et al.Damage evolution model of saturated sandstone under freeze-thaw cycles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(Supp.2):3049-3055.(in Chinese))
[17]刘泉声,康永水,黄兴,等.裂隙岩体冻融损伤关键问题及研究状况[J].岩土力学,2012,33(4):971-978.(Liu Quansheng,Kang Yongshui,Huang Xing,et al.Critical problems of freeze-thaw damage in fractured rock and their research status[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(4):971-978.(in Chinese))
[18]Luo X,Jiang N,Zuo C,et al.Damage characteristics of altered and unaltered diabases subjected to extremely cold freeze-thaw cycles[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2014,47(6):1997-2004.
[19]Kang Y,Liu Q,Huang S.A fully coupled thermohydro-mechanical model for rock mass under freezing/thawing condition[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2013,95:19-26.
[20]刘波,张功,李守定,等.砂质泥岩在低温劈裂试验中的声发射研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(增1):2702-2709.(Liu Bo,Zhang Gong,Li Shouding,et al.Acoustic emission study on frozen sandy mudstone in Brazilian splitting test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Supp.1):2702-2709.(in Chinese))
[21]张功.白垩系冻结岩石的力学试验及其损伤演化声发射特征研究论文[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2015.(Zhang Gong.Research on mechanics tests of Cretaceous frozen rock and damage evolution based on acoustic emission characteristics[D].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),2015.(in Chinese))
[22]Carpinteri A,Lacidogna G,Accornero F,et al.Influence of damage in the acoustic emission parameters[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,2013,44:9-16.
[23]Amitrano D,Gruber S,Girard L.Evidence of frostcracking inferred from acoustic emissions in a highalpine rock-wall[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2012,341-344:86-93.
[24]纪洪广,王宏伟,曹善忠,等.花岗岩单轴受压条件下声发射信号频率特征试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增1):2900-2905.(Ji Hongguang,Wang Hongwei,Cao Shanzhong,et al.Experimental research on frequency characteristics of acoustic emission signals under uniaxial compression of granite[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(Supp.1):2900-2905.(in Chinese))
[25]刘建坡,徐世达,李元辉,等.预制孔岩石破坏过程中的声发射时空演化特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(12):2538-2547.(Liu Jianpo,Xu Shida,Li Denghui,et al.Study of AE time-space evolution characteristics during failure process of rock specimens with prefabricated holes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(12):2538-2547.(in Chinese))