基于场强模型的辽宁沿海港口腹地划分
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摘要
在基础地理数据、传统统计数据、新兴开放数据的支持下,运用主成分分析得到各港口能级指数,利用港口—腹地间两两时间距离,基于场强模型对辽宁沿海港口的吸引范围进行了划分。结果表明:能级指数较好地反映了港口的综合实力;基于互联网地图服务的可达性测度具有可靠、及时、灵活的特点;场强模型能较好地刻画出辽宁沿海港口腹地的空间格局;大连港腹地包括大连市及其东北地区北部,营口港腹地以沈阳经济区为主,丹东港腹地主要位于辽宁省和吉林省东部,锦州港腹地包括辽西地区和赤峰,盘锦港腹地位于营口港和锦州港的腹地之间,葫芦岛港腹地最小;辽宁沿海各港口之间竞争激烈,大连港和营口港、丹东港之间的交叉腹地范围广,港口资源亟待整合。
With the support of basic geographic data,traditional statistical data and emerging open data,the energy level index of each port was obtained by principal component analysis,the distance between the port and the hinterland by Baidu APIs,and the attraction range of the coastal hinterland of Liaoning was divided by the field strength model. The results showed: The energy level index could better reflect the comprehensive strength of each port,compared with the traditional accessibility measurement method. The new one based on the Internet map service was more reliable,timely and flexible. The spatial pattern of the hinterland of Liaoning coastal ports was better depicted with the field strength model. The hinterland of Dalian port included Dalian and the northern part of the Northeastern China,the hinterland of Yingkou port mainly lay in Shenyang Economic Zone,the hinterland of Dandong port was mainly located in the eastern part of Liaoning and Jilin Province,and the hinterland of Jinzhou port included Liaoxi and the Chifeng of Inner Mongolia,the hinterland of Panjin port lay exactly between the hinterland of Yingkou port and Jinzhou port,and the hinterland of Huludao port was the smallest. The competitions among the ports along the coast of Liaoning were fierce. The cross hinterland among Dalian port,Yingkou port and Dandong port was widely distributed,and the port resources needed to be immediately integrated.
With the support of basic geographic data,traditional statistical data and emerging open data,the energy level index of each port was obtained by principal component analysis,the distance between the port and the hinterland by Baidu APIs,and the attraction range of the coastal hinterland of Liaoning was divided by the field strength model. The results showed: The energy level index could better reflect the comprehensive strength of each port,compared with the traditional accessibility measurement method. The new one based on the Internet map service was more reliable,timely and flexible. The spatial pattern of the hinterland of Liaoning coastal ports was better depicted with the field strength model. The hinterland of Dalian port included Dalian and the northern part of the Northeastern China,the hinterland of Yingkou port mainly lay in Shenyang Economic Zone,the hinterland of Dandong port was mainly located in the eastern part of Liaoning and Jilin Province,and the hinterland of Jinzhou port included Liaoxi and the Chifeng of Inner Mongolia,the hinterland of Panjin port lay exactly between the hinterland of Yingkou port and Jinzhou port,and the hinterland of Huludao port was the smallest. The competitions among the ports along the coast of Liaoning were fierce. The cross hinterland among Dalian port,Yingkou port and Dandong port was widely distributed,and the port resources needed to be immediately integrated.
引文
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[39]金一,韩增林,郭建科,等.大连港和营口港空间效应变化预测分析———基于太平湾港口建设[J].资源开发与市场,2016,32(9)∶1083-1087,1153.
[40]Notteboom T,Rodrigue J P. Port Regionalization:Towards a New Phase in Port Development[J]. Maritime Policy and Management,2005,32(3)∶297-313.
[41]张金梅,马广奇.非摩擦经济:网络时代的经济模式与竞争策略[J].人文地理,2004,19(5)∶26-29.
[2]Slack B. International Transportation in North America and the Development of Inland Centers[J]. The Professional Geographer,1990,42(1)∶72-83.
[3]Olivier D,Brian Slack B. Rethinking the Port[J]. Environment and Planning A,2006,38(8)∶1409-1427.
[4]Ng A K Y,Ducruet C,Jacobs W,et al. Port Geography at the Crossroads with Human Geography:Between Flows and Spaces[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2014,41(8)∶84-96.
[5]杨吾扬,梁进社.高等经济地理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1997.
[6]Taaffe E J,Morrill R L,Gould P R. Transport Expansion in Underdeveloped Countries:A Comparative Analysis[J]. Geographical Review,1963,53(4)∶503-529.
[7]Slack B. Intermodal Transportation in North America and Development of Inland Load Centers[J]. The Professional Geographical,1990,42(1)∶72-83.
[8]陆玉麒.区域发展中的空间结构研究[M].南京:南京师范大学出版社,1998.
[9]Ducruet C,Notteboom T,Langen P D. Revisiting Inter-port Relationships under the New Economic Geography Research Framework[J]. Ecological Modelling,2013,220(23)∶3271-3279.
[10]片峰,栾维新,孙战秀,等.基于铁路距离的环渤海铁矿石中转港腹地划分[J].经济地理,2015,35(4)∶99-107.
[11]程佳佳,王成金.我国港口原油码头布局及供需能力分析[J].综合运输,2017,39(4)∶22-27.
[12]徐维祥,许言庆.我国沿海港口综合实力评价与主要港口腹地空间的演变[J].经济地理,2018,38(5)∶26-35.
[13]刘波,朱传耿,车前进.港口经济腹地空间演变及其实证研究[J].经济地理,2007,27(6)∶904-909.
[14]周一星,张莉.中国大陆口岸城市外向型腹地研究[J].地理科学,2001,21(6)∶481-487.
[15]王杰,杨赞,陆春峰.港口腹地划分的两种新方法探讨———以大连国际航运中心为例[J].中国航海,2005,41(3)∶57-61.
[16]许云飞.山东省港口经济腹地计算方法的研究[J].山东交通学院学报,2003,11(1)∶39-42.
[17]李振福,汤晓雯.港口腹地划分的腹地烟羽模型研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(10)∶1169-1175.
[18]姜晓丽,张平宇.基于Huff模型的辽宁沿海港口腹地演变分析[J].地理科学,2013,33(3)∶282-290.
[19]董晓菲,韩增林.东北沿海港口群腹地空间格局及驱动机理[J].经济地理,2016,36(5)∶33-39.
[20]钟业喜,陆玉麒.基于空间联系的城市腹地范围划分———以江苏省为例[J].地理科学,2012,32(5)∶536-543.
[21]何丹,高鹏.长江中游港口腹地演变及港口—腹地经济协调发展研究[J].地理科学,2016,36(12)∶1811-1821.
[22]王毅,陈娱,陆玉麒,等.城市门户性与中国门户群研究[J].地理科学,2017,37(3)∶331-338.
[23]韩增林,郭建科.中国海港空间效应的识别与测度[J].地理学报,2014,69(2)∶243-254.
[24]徐效坡.东北经济区的区域演化特征及振兴方略[J].经济地理,2004,24(5)∶700-703.
[25]韩增林,尚颜颜,郭建科,等.东北地区港口内陆空间可达性综合测度[J].地球科学进展,2017,32(5)∶502-512.
[26]许学强,周一星,宁越敏.城市地理学(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009.
[27]中国港口杂志社编辑部.中国港口年鉴[M].上海:中国港口杂志社,2017.
[28]黑龙江省统计局.黑龙江统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
[29]吉林省统计局.吉林统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
[30]辽宁省统计局.辽宁统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
[31]内蒙古自治区统计局.内蒙古统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
[32]中华人民共和国民政部.中华人民共和国乡镇行政区划简册2016[M].北京:中国地图出版社,2016.
[33]关兴良,方创琳,罗奎.基于空间场能的中国区域经济发展差异评价[J].地理科学,2012,32(9)∶1055-1065.
[34]赵全超,汪波,王举颖.环渤海经济圈城市群能级梯度分布结构与区域经济发展战略研究[J].北京交通大学学报(社会科学版),2006,5(2)∶28-32.
[35]赵彪,庄汝龙,王世晨.基于空间场能的江苏省行政区划变迁与优化策略[J].经济地理,2016,36(6)∶8-17.
[36]唐婧娴.多中心与单中心区域内城市的交通供给效率———基于等时间交通圈的对比研究及规划政策刍议[J].国际城市规划,2018,33(1)∶119-127.
[37]顾朝林,庞海峰.基于重力模型的中国城市体系空间联系与层域划分[J].地理研究,2008,27(1)∶1-12.
[38]黄金川,孙贵艳,闫梅,等.中国城市场强格局演化及空间自相关特征[J].地理研究,2012,31(8)∶1355-1364.
[39]金一,韩增林,郭建科,等.大连港和营口港空间效应变化预测分析———基于太平湾港口建设[J].资源开发与市场,2016,32(9)∶1083-1087,1153.
[40]Notteboom T,Rodrigue J P. Port Regionalization:Towards a New Phase in Port Development[J]. Maritime Policy and Management,2005,32(3)∶297-313.
[41]张金梅,马广奇.非摩擦经济:网络时代的经济模式与竞争策略[J].人文地理,2004,19(5)∶26-29.
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