爆炸与冲击中的非线性岩石力学问题(Ⅰ):一维块系岩体波动特性的试验研究
|
摘要
与岩体构造层次相关的摆型波现象正逐渐形成非线性岩石力学的重要研究方向,并在诱发地震、岩爆及其他地震动事件的研究中展现出了重要的应用前景。利用自行研制的块系岩体动态力学性能测试试验系统,进行一维块系岩体模型的波动特性试验研究,测得一维冲击条件下块体振动的的频谱、振幅、波速特征,获得了迥异于连续介质中波动特性的摆型波特征现象,试验结果表明:一维冲击作用下,在冲击振动通过块系构造岩体向前传播的过程中,发生了从高频振动向低频振动的转移;相邻岩块间发生位移相差很大、甚至位移符号相反的相互对应的摆动;随着冲击比例距离的增加,块系岩体各块体加速度、位移幅值按指数形式衰减;摆型波传播的速度远远小于连续介质中纵波的传播速度,主要取决于块体间的裂隙宽度以及块体的运动速度。
Problems of pendulum-type waves associated with the tectonic hierarchy of rock masses are becoming an important research aspect of nonlinear rock mechanics,and presenting potential applications in studies of earthquakes,rockbursts and other seismic events. Thus,a new dynamic test testing system was designed,and a series of experiments were performed by the method of physical modeling,to reveal the characteristics of pendulum-type waves propagating in block rock masses. The frequency,amplitude and wave velocity were measured,then typical properties of pendulum-type waves in block rock masses which are quite different from waves in continuous media are obtained. Experimental results show that:In the process of vibration propagating from one block to another,the waves tends to transfer from high-frequency to low-frequency;Under the action of external pulse,the displacements of the adjacent rock blocks are quite different or even in different motion directions,result in oscillations of rock blocks one another and contacts broken;The vibration and acceleration amplitudes of each block attenuates with distance exponentially;The propagation velocity of pendulum-type wave is far less than P-wave,and it mainly depends on the widths of fissures between the blocks and the vibrational velocity of the blocks.
Problems of pendulum-type waves associated with the tectonic hierarchy of rock masses are becoming an important research aspect of nonlinear rock mechanics,and presenting potential applications in studies of earthquakes,rockbursts and other seismic events. Thus,a new dynamic test testing system was designed,and a series of experiments were performed by the method of physical modeling,to reveal the characteristics of pendulum-type waves propagating in block rock masses. The frequency,amplitude and wave velocity were measured,then typical properties of pendulum-type waves in block rock masses which are quite different from waves in continuous media are obtained. Experimental results show that:In the process of vibration propagating from one block to another,the waves tends to transfer from high-frequency to low-frequency;Under the action of external pulse,the displacements of the adjacent rock blocks are quite different or even in different motion directions,result in oscillations of rock blocks one another and contacts broken;The vibration and acceleration amplitudes of each block attenuates with distance exponentially;The propagation velocity of pendulum-type wave is far less than P-wave,and it mainly depends on the widths of fissures between the blocks and the vibrational velocity of the blocks.
引文
[1]KURLENYA M V,OPARIN V N,VOSTRIKOV V I.Pendulum-type waves.Part I:State of the problem and measuring instrument and computer complexes[J].Journal of Mining Science,1996,32(3):159–161.
[2]KOCHARYAN G G,SPIVAK A A.Movement of rock blocks during large-scale underground explosions.Part I:Experimental data[J].Journal of Mining Science,2001,37(1):64–76.
[3]KOCHARYAN G G,SPIVAK A A,BUDKOV A M.Movement of rock blocks during large-scale underground explosion.Part II:Estimates by analytical models,numerical calculations,and comparative analysis of theoretical and experimental data[J].Journal of Mining Science,2001,37(2):149–168.
[4]ADUSHKIN V V,SPIVAK A A.Underground Explosions,Chapter8:The influence of faults,joints,and fractures,on mechanical effects of underground nuclear explosions[M].Translated from Russian to English by Anastasia Stroujkova and Paul Richards,2015:431–479
[5]KURLENYA M V,OPARIN V N,VOSTRIKOV V I.Pendulum-type waves.Part II:Experimental methods and main results of physical modeling[J].Journal of Mining Science,1996,32(4):245–273.
[6]KURLENYA M V,OPARIN V N,VOSTRIKOV V I,et al.Pendulum waves.Part III:Data of on-site observations[J].Journal of Mining Science,1996,32(5):341–361.
[7]ADUSHKIN V V,OPARIN V N.From the alternating-sign explosion response of rocks to the pendulum waves in stressed geomedia.Part I[J].Journal of Mining Science,2012,48(2):203–222.
[8]ADUSHKIN V V,OPARIN V N.From the alternating-sign explosion response of rocks to the pendulum waves in stressed geomedia.Part III[J].Journal of Mining Science,2014,50(4):623–645.
[9]KURLENYA M V,OPARIN V N.Problems of nonlinear geomechanics.Part I[J].Journal of Mining Science,1999,35(3):216–230.
[10]KURLENYA M V,OPARIN V N.Problems of nonlinear geomechanics.Part II[J].Journal of Mining Science,2000,36(4):305–326.
[11]钱七虎.深部岩体工程响应的特征科学现象及“深部”的界定,钱七虎院士论文选集[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:542–548.(QIAN Qihu.The characteristic scientific phenomena of engineering response to deep rock mass and the implication of deepness,selections from academician QIAN Qihu?s theses[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007:549–568.(in Chinese))
[12]ALEKSANDROVA N I,CHERNIKOV A G,SHER E N.Experimental investigations into the one-dimensional calculated model of wave propagation in block medium[J].Journal of Mining Science,2005,41(3):232–239.
[13]ALEKSANDROVA N I,SHER E N.Modeling of wave propagation in block media[J].Journal of Mining Science,2004,40(6):579–587.
[14]ALEKSANDROVA N I.Elastic wave propagation in block medium under impulsive loading[J].Journal of Mining Science,2003,9(6):556–564.
[15]ALEKSANDROVA N I,CHERNIKOV A G,SHER E N.On attenuation of pendulum-type waves in a block rock mass[J].Journal of Mining Science,2004,42(5):468–475.
[16]吴昊,方秦,张亚栋,等.一维块系地质块体波动特性的试验和理论研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):600–611.(WU Hao,FANG Qin,ZHANG Yadong,et al.Propagation properties of stress waves in one-dimensional geo-block medium[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(4):600–611.(in Chinese))
[17]潘一山,王凯兴.岩块尺度对摆型波传播影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增2):3 459–3 465.(PAN Yishan,WANG Kaixing.Effect study of block-rock scale on pendulum-type waves propagation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(Supp.2):3 459–3 465.(in Chinese))
[18]王凯兴,潘一山.摆型波传播过程块系岩体频域响应反演岩块间黏弹性性质[J].煤炭学报,2013,s(1):19–24.(WANG Kaixing,PAN Yishan.Frequency domain response of block-rock mass inversion partings viscoelastic property on pendulum-type wave propagation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,s(1):19–24.(in Chinese))
[19]贾宝新,陈扬,潘一山,等.冲击载荷下块系岩体摆型波传播特性的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(11):3 071–3 076.(JIA Baoxin,CHEN Yang,PAN Yishan,et al.Experimental research on propagation characteristics of block-rock mass pendulum-type wave under shock load[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(11):3 071–3 076.(in Chinese))
[20]朗道,栗弗席兹.理论物理学教程第一卷:力学[M].第五版.北京:高等教育出版社,2007:65–66.(LANDAU L D,LIFSHITZ E M.Volume 1 of course of theoretical physics:mechanics[M].5th ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2007:65–66.(in Chinese))
[21]钱七虎.岩石爆炸动力学的若干进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(10):1 945–1 968.(QIAN Qihu.Some advances in rock blasting dynamics[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(10):1 945–1 968.(in Chinese))
[2]KOCHARYAN G G,SPIVAK A A.Movement of rock blocks during large-scale underground explosions.Part I:Experimental data[J].Journal of Mining Science,2001,37(1):64–76.
[3]KOCHARYAN G G,SPIVAK A A,BUDKOV A M.Movement of rock blocks during large-scale underground explosion.Part II:Estimates by analytical models,numerical calculations,and comparative analysis of theoretical and experimental data[J].Journal of Mining Science,2001,37(2):149–168.
[4]ADUSHKIN V V,SPIVAK A A.Underground Explosions,Chapter8:The influence of faults,joints,and fractures,on mechanical effects of underground nuclear explosions[M].Translated from Russian to English by Anastasia Stroujkova and Paul Richards,2015:431–479
[5]KURLENYA M V,OPARIN V N,VOSTRIKOV V I.Pendulum-type waves.Part II:Experimental methods and main results of physical modeling[J].Journal of Mining Science,1996,32(4):245–273.
[6]KURLENYA M V,OPARIN V N,VOSTRIKOV V I,et al.Pendulum waves.Part III:Data of on-site observations[J].Journal of Mining Science,1996,32(5):341–361.
[7]ADUSHKIN V V,OPARIN V N.From the alternating-sign explosion response of rocks to the pendulum waves in stressed geomedia.Part I[J].Journal of Mining Science,2012,48(2):203–222.
[8]ADUSHKIN V V,OPARIN V N.From the alternating-sign explosion response of rocks to the pendulum waves in stressed geomedia.Part III[J].Journal of Mining Science,2014,50(4):623–645.
[9]KURLENYA M V,OPARIN V N.Problems of nonlinear geomechanics.Part I[J].Journal of Mining Science,1999,35(3):216–230.
[10]KURLENYA M V,OPARIN V N.Problems of nonlinear geomechanics.Part II[J].Journal of Mining Science,2000,36(4):305–326.
[11]钱七虎.深部岩体工程响应的特征科学现象及“深部”的界定,钱七虎院士论文选集[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:542–548.(QIAN Qihu.The characteristic scientific phenomena of engineering response to deep rock mass and the implication of deepness,selections from academician QIAN Qihu?s theses[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007:549–568.(in Chinese))
[12]ALEKSANDROVA N I,CHERNIKOV A G,SHER E N.Experimental investigations into the one-dimensional calculated model of wave propagation in block medium[J].Journal of Mining Science,2005,41(3):232–239.
[13]ALEKSANDROVA N I,SHER E N.Modeling of wave propagation in block media[J].Journal of Mining Science,2004,40(6):579–587.
[14]ALEKSANDROVA N I.Elastic wave propagation in block medium under impulsive loading[J].Journal of Mining Science,2003,9(6):556–564.
[15]ALEKSANDROVA N I,CHERNIKOV A G,SHER E N.On attenuation of pendulum-type waves in a block rock mass[J].Journal of Mining Science,2004,42(5):468–475.
[16]吴昊,方秦,张亚栋,等.一维块系地质块体波动特性的试验和理论研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):600–611.(WU Hao,FANG Qin,ZHANG Yadong,et al.Propagation properties of stress waves in one-dimensional geo-block medium[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(4):600–611.(in Chinese))
[17]潘一山,王凯兴.岩块尺度对摆型波传播影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增2):3 459–3 465.(PAN Yishan,WANG Kaixing.Effect study of block-rock scale on pendulum-type waves propagation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(Supp.2):3 459–3 465.(in Chinese))
[18]王凯兴,潘一山.摆型波传播过程块系岩体频域响应反演岩块间黏弹性性质[J].煤炭学报,2013,s(1):19–24.(WANG Kaixing,PAN Yishan.Frequency domain response of block-rock mass inversion partings viscoelastic property on pendulum-type wave propagation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,s(1):19–24.(in Chinese))
[19]贾宝新,陈扬,潘一山,等.冲击载荷下块系岩体摆型波传播特性的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(11):3 071–3 076.(JIA Baoxin,CHEN Yang,PAN Yishan,et al.Experimental research on propagation characteristics of block-rock mass pendulum-type wave under shock load[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(11):3 071–3 076.(in Chinese))
[20]朗道,栗弗席兹.理论物理学教程第一卷:力学[M].第五版.北京:高等教育出版社,2007:65–66.(LANDAU L D,LIFSHITZ E M.Volume 1 of course of theoretical physics:mechanics[M].5th ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2007:65–66.(in Chinese))
[21]钱七虎.岩石爆炸动力学的若干进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(10):1 945–1 968.(QIAN Qihu.Some advances in rock blasting dynamics[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(10):1 945–1 968.(in Chinese))