冲击扰动对超低摩擦型冲击地压影响分析
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摘要
高地应力和开采强扰动下,深部煤岩体极易发生超低摩擦效应,继而诱发超低摩擦型冲击地压。通过建立考虑上覆岩层压力的块系岩体超低摩擦效应理论模型,对块体逐一进行受力分析,推导得到块体间新法向力公式和工作块体新水平位移公式,理论分析其受垂直和水平双向扰动后的动力响应,获得法向力最小值在各块体间的分布特征及水平冲击载荷频率和延迟时间对工作块体水平位移影响规律。研究表明:最容易发生超低摩擦效应的接触面位置为离垂直冲击源最近的3个接触面。块体间法向力减小导致块体间摩擦力降低,如遇水平扰动,极易诱发超低摩擦型冲击地压。水平冲击幅值确定时,工作块体水平运动存在特定的延迟时间及水平冲击频率范围,且工作块体的水平位移随延迟时间及水平冲击幅值的变化呈现周期性变化规律。发现工作块体水平运动开始时刻滞后于水平冲击作用时刻,存在滞后时间,其后将依次经历变加速和变减速运动,最终处于静止状态。块体间法向力变化是超低摩擦效应发生的前提条件,水平扰动是引起工作块体水平位移的直接原因。
Under high in-situ stresses and strong excavation disturbance,anomalously low friction effect is prone to occur in deep coal and rock mass,and then results in the anomalously low friction rock burst. A theoretical model was established for anomalously low friction effect of block rock with overburden pressures,and formulas for calculating the normal force between blocks and the horizontal displacement of working blocks were derived based on force analysis of blocks. Theoretical analysis of dynamic responses resulted from vertical and horizontal disturbances was conducted. The distribution of the minimum normal force between blocks,and the influence of the horizontal impact loading frequency and the delay time on the horizontal displacement of the working blocks were investigated. The results show that the position,where the anomalously low friction effect is prone to occur,locates at the three interfaces closest to the vertical impact source. The reduction of the normal force will lead to the reduction of the friction between blocks,and the anomalously low friction type of rock burst is easily caused by horizontal disturbances. When the horizontal impact amplitude is determined,the horizontal motion of the working block exists a specific delay time and a range of horizontal impact frequency. The horizontal displacement exhibits a periodic variation with the delay time and the horizontal impact amplitude. The starting time of the horizontal motion of the working block lags the horizontal impact time. The working block will experience variable acceleration and deceleration motions,and finally be in a stationary state. The variation of the normal force between blocks is the prerequisite for the anomalously low friction effect,and the horizontal disturbance is the main factor causing the horizontal displacement of the working blocks.
Under high in-situ stresses and strong excavation disturbance,anomalously low friction effect is prone to occur in deep coal and rock mass,and then results in the anomalously low friction rock burst. A theoretical model was established for anomalously low friction effect of block rock with overburden pressures,and formulas for calculating the normal force between blocks and the horizontal displacement of working blocks were derived based on force analysis of blocks. Theoretical analysis of dynamic responses resulted from vertical and horizontal disturbances was conducted. The distribution of the minimum normal force between blocks,and the influence of the horizontal impact loading frequency and the delay time on the horizontal displacement of the working blocks were investigated. The results show that the position,where the anomalously low friction effect is prone to occur,locates at the three interfaces closest to the vertical impact source. The reduction of the normal force will lead to the reduction of the friction between blocks,and the anomalously low friction type of rock burst is easily caused by horizontal disturbances. When the horizontal impact amplitude is determined,the horizontal motion of the working block exists a specific delay time and a range of horizontal impact frequency. The horizontal displacement exhibits a periodic variation with the delay time and the horizontal impact amplitude. The starting time of the horizontal motion of the working block lags the horizontal impact time. The working block will experience variable acceleration and deceleration motions,and finally be in a stationary state. The variation of the normal force between blocks is the prerequisite for the anomalously low friction effect,and the horizontal disturbance is the main factor causing the horizontal displacement of the working blocks.
引文
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[4]ALEKSANDROVA N I,SHER E N.Modeling of wave propagation in block media[J].Journal of Mining Science,2004,40(6):579-587.
[5]ALEKSANDROVA N I,CHERRNIKOV A G,SHER E N.Experimental investigation into the one-dimensional calculated model of wave propagation in block medium[J].Journal of Mining Science,2005,41(3):232-239.
[6]SHER E N,ALEKSANDROVA N I,AYZENBERG-STEPANENKOM V,et al.Influence of block-hierarchical structure of rocks on the peculiarities of seismic wave propagation[J].Journal of Mining Science,2007,43(6):585-591.
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[8]钱七虎.深部地下工空间开发中的关键科学问题[C]//第230次香山科学会议--深部地下空间开发中的基础研究关键技术问题.北京:[s.n.],2004.(QIAN Qihu.The key problems of deep underground space development[C]//The Key Technical Problems of Base Research in Deep Underground Space Development-the 230th Xiangshan Science Conference.Beijing:[s.n.],2004.(in Chinese))
[9]王明洋,戚承志,钱七虎.深部岩体块系介质变形与运动特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2 825-2 830.(WANGMingyang,QI Chengzhi,QIAN Qihu.Study on deformation and motion characteristics of blocks in deep rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2 825-2 830.(in Chinese))
[10]WANG M Y,LI J,MA L J,et al.Study on the characteristic energy factor of the deep rock mass under weak disturbance[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2016,49(8):3 165-3 173.
[11]王洪亮,葛涛,王德荣,等.块系岩体动力特性理论与实验对比分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):951-958.(WANGHongliang,GE Tao,WANG Derong,et al.Comparison of theoretical and experimental analyses of dynamic characteristics of block rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):951-958.(in Chinese))
[12]许琼萍,陆渝生,王德荣.深部岩体块系摩擦减弱效应试验研究[J].解放军理工大学学报,2008,9(2):64-76.(XU Qiongping,LUYusheng,WANG Derong.Experimental study on friction weakened effect of deep block rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,9(2):64-76.(in Chinese))
[13]王德荣,陆渝生,冯淑芳,等.深部岩体动态特性多功能试验系统的研制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):601-606.(WANGDerong,LU Yusheng,FENG Shufang,et al.Development of multipurpose test system for dynamic behaviors of deep rock masses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):601-606.(in Chinese))
[14]吴昊,方秦,王洪亮.深部块系岩体超低摩擦现象的机理分析[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(5):769-775.(WU Hao,FANG Qin,WANG Hongliang.Mechanism of anomalously low friction phenomenon in deep block rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(5):769-775.(in Chinese))
[15]吴昊,方秦,张亚栋,等.一维块系地质块体波动特性的试验和理论研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):600-611.(WU Hao,FANG Qin,ZHANG Yadong,et al.Propagation properties of stress waves in one-dimensional geo-block medium[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(4):600-611.(in Chinese))
[16]何满潮,钱七虎.深部岩体力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:547-570.(HE Manchao,QIAN Qihu.The basis of deep rock mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010:547-570.(in Chinese))
[17]李杰,周益春,蒋海明,等.非线性摆型波问题的提出及科研仪器研制[J].湘潭大学自然科学学报,2017,39(4):22-28.(LI Jie,ZHOU Yichun,JIANG Haiming,et al.State of the nonlinear pendulum-type waves problems and development of the test equipment[J].Natural Science Journal of Xiangtan University,2017,39(4):22-28.(in Chinese))
[18]李杰,王明洋,蒋海明,等.爆炸与冲击中的非线性岩石力学问题(I):一维块系岩体波动特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(1):38-50.(LI Jie,WANG Mingyang,JIANG Haiming,et al.Nonlinear mechanical problems in rock explosion and shock.Part I:Experimental research on properties of one-dimensional wave propagation in block rock masses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(1):38-50.(in Chinese))
[19]李杰,蒋海明,王明洋,等.爆炸与冲击中的非线性岩石力学问题(II):冲击扰动诱发岩块滑移的物理模拟试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(2):291-301.(LI Jie,JIANG Haiming,WANGMingyang,et al.Nonlinear mechanical problems in rock explosion and shock.Part II:Physical model test on sliding of rock blocks triggered by external disturbance[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(2):291-301.(in Chinese))
[20]潘一山,王凯兴.岩体间超低摩擦发生机理的摆型波理论[J].地震地质,2014,36(3):833-844.(PAN Yishan,WANG Kaixing.Pendulum-type waves theory on the mechanism of anomalously low friction between rock masses[J].Seismology and Geology,2014,36(3):833-844.(in Chinese))
[21]王凯兴.基于摆型波理论的非连续岩体动力响应与防冲控制研究[博士学位论文][D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2013.(WANG Kaixing.Dynamic response of discontinuous rock mass base on the theory of pendulum-type waves and anti-impact control[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Fuxin:Liaoning Technical University,2013.(in Chinese))
[22]李利萍,潘一山,王晓纯,等.开采深度和垂直冲击荷载对超低摩擦型冲击地压的影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增1):3 225-3 230.(LI Liping,PAN Yishan,WANG Xiaochun,et al.Influence analysis of exploit depth and Vertical impact load on anomalously low friction rock burst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(Supp.1):3 225-3 230.(in Chinese))
[23]李利萍,潘一山,王晓纯,等.考虑上覆岩层压力的深部岩体块系介质超低摩擦效应理论分析[J].自然灾害学报,2014,23(1):149-154.(LI Liping,PAN Yishan,WANG Xiaochun,et al.Theoretical analysis of ultra-low friction effect in deep block rock mass considering overlying rock pressure[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2014,23(1):149-154.(in Chinese))
[24]李利萍,王淋,邰英楼.动静组合加载作用下块系岩体动力响应分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(11):5-10.(LI Liping,WANG Lin,TAI Yinglou.Dynamic response analysis on block rock mass under combined static-dynamic load[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2016,12(11):5-10.(in Chinese))
[25]贾宝新,陈扬,潘一山,等.冲击载荷下块系岩体摆型波传播特性的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(11):3 071-3 076.(JIABaoxin,CHEN Yang,PAN Yishan,et al.Experimental research on propagation characteristics of block-rock mass pendulum-type wave under shock load[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(11):3 071-3 076.(in Chinese))
[26]王来贵,习彦会,周向,等.地震边坡超低摩擦效应启滑机理分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2016,36(4):595-600.(WANG Laigui,XI Yanhui,ZHOU Xiang,et al.Analysis of open-slip with anomalously low friction effect of slope under earthquake[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2016,36(4):595-600.(in Chinese))
[27]任晓龙.节理化岩体超低摩擦现象实验研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国矿业大学,2017.(REN Xiaolong.Experiment study of ultra-low friction phenomenon on jointed rock mass[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology,2017.(in Chinese))
[28]蓝一凡.深埋洞室超低摩擦型岩爆发生机制与定量预测[硕士学位论文][D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.(LAN Yifan.The occurrence mechanism of anomalously low friction-type rockburst and its quantitative prediction in deep caverns[M.S.Thesis][D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2015.(in Chinese))
[2]KURLENYA M V,OPARIN V N,VOSTRIKOV V I.Effect of anomalously low friction in block media[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics,1999,40(6):1 116-1 120.
[3]KURLENYA M V,OPARIN V N,BALMASHNOV A E G.On dynamic behavior of“self-stressed”block media,Part II:Comparison of theoretical and experimental data[J].Journal of Mining Science,2001,37(5):455-461.
[4]ALEKSANDROVA N I,SHER E N.Modeling of wave propagation in block media[J].Journal of Mining Science,2004,40(6):579-587.
[5]ALEKSANDROVA N I,CHERRNIKOV A G,SHER E N.Experimental investigation into the one-dimensional calculated model of wave propagation in block medium[J].Journal of Mining Science,2005,41(3):232-239.
[6]SHER E N,ALEKSANDROVA N I,AYZENBERG-STEPANENKOM V,et al.Influence of block-hierarchical structure of rocks on the peculiarities of seismic wave propagation[J].Journal of Mining Science,2007,43(6):585-591.
[7]ALEKSANDROVA N I,SHER E N,CHERRNIKOV A G.Effect of viscosity of partings in block-hierarchical media on propagation of low-frequency pendulum waves[J].Journal of Mining Science,2008,44(3):225-234.
[8]钱七虎.深部地下工空间开发中的关键科学问题[C]//第230次香山科学会议--深部地下空间开发中的基础研究关键技术问题.北京:[s.n.],2004.(QIAN Qihu.The key problems of deep underground space development[C]//The Key Technical Problems of Base Research in Deep Underground Space Development-the 230th Xiangshan Science Conference.Beijing:[s.n.],2004.(in Chinese))
[9]王明洋,戚承志,钱七虎.深部岩体块系介质变形与运动特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2 825-2 830.(WANGMingyang,QI Chengzhi,QIAN Qihu.Study on deformation and motion characteristics of blocks in deep rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2 825-2 830.(in Chinese))
[10]WANG M Y,LI J,MA L J,et al.Study on the characteristic energy factor of the deep rock mass under weak disturbance[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2016,49(8):3 165-3 173.
[11]王洪亮,葛涛,王德荣,等.块系岩体动力特性理论与实验对比分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):951-958.(WANGHongliang,GE Tao,WANG Derong,et al.Comparison of theoretical and experimental analyses of dynamic characteristics of block rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):951-958.(in Chinese))
[12]许琼萍,陆渝生,王德荣.深部岩体块系摩擦减弱效应试验研究[J].解放军理工大学学报,2008,9(2):64-76.(XU Qiongping,LUYusheng,WANG Derong.Experimental study on friction weakened effect of deep block rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,9(2):64-76.(in Chinese))
[13]王德荣,陆渝生,冯淑芳,等.深部岩体动态特性多功能试验系统的研制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):601-606.(WANGDerong,LU Yusheng,FENG Shufang,et al.Development of multipurpose test system for dynamic behaviors of deep rock masses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):601-606.(in Chinese))
[14]吴昊,方秦,王洪亮.深部块系岩体超低摩擦现象的机理分析[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(5):769-775.(WU Hao,FANG Qin,WANG Hongliang.Mechanism of anomalously low friction phenomenon in deep block rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(5):769-775.(in Chinese))
[15]吴昊,方秦,张亚栋,等.一维块系地质块体波动特性的试验和理论研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):600-611.(WU Hao,FANG Qin,ZHANG Yadong,et al.Propagation properties of stress waves in one-dimensional geo-block medium[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(4):600-611.(in Chinese))
[16]何满潮,钱七虎.深部岩体力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:547-570.(HE Manchao,QIAN Qihu.The basis of deep rock mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010:547-570.(in Chinese))
[17]李杰,周益春,蒋海明,等.非线性摆型波问题的提出及科研仪器研制[J].湘潭大学自然科学学报,2017,39(4):22-28.(LI Jie,ZHOU Yichun,JIANG Haiming,et al.State of the nonlinear pendulum-type waves problems and development of the test equipment[J].Natural Science Journal of Xiangtan University,2017,39(4):22-28.(in Chinese))
[18]李杰,王明洋,蒋海明,等.爆炸与冲击中的非线性岩石力学问题(I):一维块系岩体波动特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(1):38-50.(LI Jie,WANG Mingyang,JIANG Haiming,et al.Nonlinear mechanical problems in rock explosion and shock.Part I:Experimental research on properties of one-dimensional wave propagation in block rock masses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(1):38-50.(in Chinese))
[19]李杰,蒋海明,王明洋,等.爆炸与冲击中的非线性岩石力学问题(II):冲击扰动诱发岩块滑移的物理模拟试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(2):291-301.(LI Jie,JIANG Haiming,WANGMingyang,et al.Nonlinear mechanical problems in rock explosion and shock.Part II:Physical model test on sliding of rock blocks triggered by external disturbance[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(2):291-301.(in Chinese))
[20]潘一山,王凯兴.岩体间超低摩擦发生机理的摆型波理论[J].地震地质,2014,36(3):833-844.(PAN Yishan,WANG Kaixing.Pendulum-type waves theory on the mechanism of anomalously low friction between rock masses[J].Seismology and Geology,2014,36(3):833-844.(in Chinese))
[21]王凯兴.基于摆型波理论的非连续岩体动力响应与防冲控制研究[博士学位论文][D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2013.(WANG Kaixing.Dynamic response of discontinuous rock mass base on the theory of pendulum-type waves and anti-impact control[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Fuxin:Liaoning Technical University,2013.(in Chinese))
[22]李利萍,潘一山,王晓纯,等.开采深度和垂直冲击荷载对超低摩擦型冲击地压的影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增1):3 225-3 230.(LI Liping,PAN Yishan,WANG Xiaochun,et al.Influence analysis of exploit depth and Vertical impact load on anomalously low friction rock burst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(Supp.1):3 225-3 230.(in Chinese))
[23]李利萍,潘一山,王晓纯,等.考虑上覆岩层压力的深部岩体块系介质超低摩擦效应理论分析[J].自然灾害学报,2014,23(1):149-154.(LI Liping,PAN Yishan,WANG Xiaochun,et al.Theoretical analysis of ultra-low friction effect in deep block rock mass considering overlying rock pressure[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2014,23(1):149-154.(in Chinese))
[24]李利萍,王淋,邰英楼.动静组合加载作用下块系岩体动力响应分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(11):5-10.(LI Liping,WANG Lin,TAI Yinglou.Dynamic response analysis on block rock mass under combined static-dynamic load[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2016,12(11):5-10.(in Chinese))
[25]贾宝新,陈扬,潘一山,等.冲击载荷下块系岩体摆型波传播特性的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(11):3 071-3 076.(JIABaoxin,CHEN Yang,PAN Yishan,et al.Experimental research on propagation characteristics of block-rock mass pendulum-type wave under shock load[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(11):3 071-3 076.(in Chinese))
[26]王来贵,习彦会,周向,等.地震边坡超低摩擦效应启滑机理分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2016,36(4):595-600.(WANG Laigui,XI Yanhui,ZHOU Xiang,et al.Analysis of open-slip with anomalously low friction effect of slope under earthquake[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2016,36(4):595-600.(in Chinese))
[27]任晓龙.节理化岩体超低摩擦现象实验研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国矿业大学,2017.(REN Xiaolong.Experiment study of ultra-low friction phenomenon on jointed rock mass[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology,2017.(in Chinese))
[28]蓝一凡.深埋洞室超低摩擦型岩爆发生机制与定量预测[硕士学位论文][D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.(LAN Yifan.The occurrence mechanism of anomalously low friction-type rockburst and its quantitative prediction in deep caverns[M.S.Thesis][D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2015.(in Chinese))