垃圾焚烧飞灰制备水处理填料
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摘要
摘要以垃圾焚烧飞灰、页岩和稻壳为原料,经造粒、烘干、焙烧等工艺,制备水处理填料(以下简称填料),并通过单因素实验研究了不同条件下填料的性能。结果表明,填料的最佳制备条件为垃圾焚烧飞灰添加量(以质量分数计,下同)77.5%,页岩添加量15.0%,稻壳添加量7.5%,焙烧温度1 080℃,焙烧时间10min。在此条件下,填料的堆积密度为0.587 6g/cm~3,吸水率为23.67%,破碎率与磨损率之和为1.32%,比表面积为2.472m~2/g。经检测,填料的重金属浸出值远低于《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》(GB 5085.3—2007)限值。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对填料的表面及内部结构进行观测,发现制备的填料表面较为粗糙,内部孔隙发达。将填料应用于模拟废水处理中,COD和氨氮去除率分别达87%和56%。
Municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI)fly ash,shale and rice husk were used as raw materials for preparing water treatment fillers by granulating,drying and sintering process.Performance of filler was tested under different conditions by single factor experiment.The best conditions for preparation of the fillers were obtained as follows:MSWI fly ash dosage(measured as mass fraction,the same below)was 77.5%,shale dosage was 15.0%,rice husk dosage was 7.5%,and sintering at 1 080℃for 10 min.In this condition,the bulk density was 0.587 6 g/cm~3,the water absorption rate was 23.67%,the sum of failure rate and wear rate was 1.32%,and the specific surface area was 2.472 m~2/g.The leaching concentrations of heavy metals were much lower than the regulated limit value in"Identification standard for hazardous waste-identification for extraction toxicity"(GB 5085.3-2007).The microstructures and characters of the fillers were observed with scanning electron microscope,and it was found that the surface of the filler made in the optimum conditions was coarse and the inner space was porous.When the filler was used in the treatment of simulated wastewater,the removal rates of COD and ammonia nitrogen were 87% and 56%,respectively.
Municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI)fly ash,shale and rice husk were used as raw materials for preparing water treatment fillers by granulating,drying and sintering process.Performance of filler was tested under different conditions by single factor experiment.The best conditions for preparation of the fillers were obtained as follows:MSWI fly ash dosage(measured as mass fraction,the same below)was 77.5%,shale dosage was 15.0%,rice husk dosage was 7.5%,and sintering at 1 080℃for 10 min.In this condition,the bulk density was 0.587 6 g/cm~3,the water absorption rate was 23.67%,the sum of failure rate and wear rate was 1.32%,and the specific surface area was 2.472 m~2/g.The leaching concentrations of heavy metals were much lower than the regulated limit value in"Identification standard for hazardous waste-identification for extraction toxicity"(GB 5085.3-2007).The microstructures and characters of the fillers were observed with scanning electron microscope,and it was found that the surface of the filler made in the optimum conditions was coarse and the inner space was porous.When the filler was used in the treatment of simulated wastewater,the removal rates of COD and ammonia nitrogen were 87% and 56%,respectively.
引文
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[8]TAN W F,WANG L,HUANG C.Utilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash in lightweight aggregates[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2012,19(3):835-841.
[9]徐学骁,徐炎华,俞敏洁.化工污泥与粉煤灰制备水处理填料的研究[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(3):95-99.
[10]CJ/T 299-2008,水处理用人工陶粒滤料[S].
[11]HJ/T 300-2007,固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法醋酸缓冲溶液法[S].
[12]RILEY C M.Relation of chemical properties to the bloating of clays[J].American Ceramic Society,1991,34(4):121-128.
[13]王佳福,吕剑明.利用城市污泥制备陶粒的研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2012,31(3):706-710.
[14]杨乐乐,杨鼎宜,刘亚东.轻质污泥陶粒研制及其膨胀机理探讨[J].混凝土,2013,36(4):40-43.
[15]孙婧,胡俊,周桃玉,等.用化工污泥制曝气生物滤池填料[J].化工环保,2014,34(3):267-271.
[16]董诚,许珂敬,李芳,等.利用粉煤灰制备轻质多孔陶粒工艺研究[J].山东理工大学学报,2008,22(6):54-56.
[17]BEHNISCH P A,HOSOE K,SHIOZAKI K,et al.Low-temperature thermal decomposition of dioxin-like compounds in fly ash:combination of chemical analysis with in vitro bioassays[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2002,36(23):5211-5217.
[18]WARD D B,GOH Y R,CLARKSON P J,et al.A novel energy-efficient process utilizing regenerative burners for the detoxification of fly ash[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2002,80(6):315-324.
[2]张晓明,王颖.垃圾焚烧技术的发展状况[J].建筑与预算,2017,49(4):31-33.
[3]董绍兵.城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的固化/稳定化处理技术[J].广西轻工业,2009,58(9):104-105.
[4]WANG K S,CHANG K Y,TSAI C C,et al.The effects of FeCl3on the distribution of the heavy metals Cd,Cu,Cr in simulated multimetal incineration system[J].Environment International,2001,26(4):257-263.
[5]蒋旭光,常威.生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的处置及应用概况[J].浙江工业大学学报,2015,43(1):7-17.
[6]姚刚.垃圾焚烧飞灰处理技术现状与展望[J].化工时刊,2014,28(7):45-48.
[7]熊祖鸿,范根育,鲁敏.垃圾焚烧飞灰处置技术研究进展[J].化工进展,2013,32(7):1678-1683.
[8]TAN W F,WANG L,HUANG C.Utilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash in lightweight aggregates[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2012,19(3):835-841.
[9]徐学骁,徐炎华,俞敏洁.化工污泥与粉煤灰制备水处理填料的研究[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(3):95-99.
[10]CJ/T 299-2008,水处理用人工陶粒滤料[S].
[11]HJ/T 300-2007,固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法醋酸缓冲溶液法[S].
[12]RILEY C M.Relation of chemical properties to the bloating of clays[J].American Ceramic Society,1991,34(4):121-128.
[13]王佳福,吕剑明.利用城市污泥制备陶粒的研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2012,31(3):706-710.
[14]杨乐乐,杨鼎宜,刘亚东.轻质污泥陶粒研制及其膨胀机理探讨[J].混凝土,2013,36(4):40-43.
[15]孙婧,胡俊,周桃玉,等.用化工污泥制曝气生物滤池填料[J].化工环保,2014,34(3):267-271.
[16]董诚,许珂敬,李芳,等.利用粉煤灰制备轻质多孔陶粒工艺研究[J].山东理工大学学报,2008,22(6):54-56.
[17]BEHNISCH P A,HOSOE K,SHIOZAKI K,et al.Low-temperature thermal decomposition of dioxin-like compounds in fly ash:combination of chemical analysis with in vitro bioassays[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2002,36(23):5211-5217.
[18]WARD D B,GOH Y R,CLARKSON P J,et al.A novel energy-efficient process utilizing regenerative burners for the detoxification of fly ash[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2002,80(6):315-324.