生物集成一体化装置对城市景观水体的净化效果研究
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摘要
研究生物集成一体化装置中各生物组成要素对城市景观水体中除尘、除蚊虫、除异味、除藻以及降解水体中氮磷富营养物质等常面临的问题,以期提供技术上的解决方案。以水生动植物(中华圆田螺Cipangopaludina cahayensis、中国斗鱼Macropodusopercularis、水翁Cleistocalyx operculatus、美人蕉Canna indica、苦草Vallisneria natans)及EM菌Eeffevite Mieroorganisms、活性炭为材料,设计单一因素和多因素组合对模拟的城市景观水体净化效果研究;试验过程中对水体中总氮、DO等水质指标进行监测,并与地表水环境质量标准进行比较。试验经过15 d后,测得13个不同处理中10组(活性炭)对TN的去除效果最好,去除率为70%,DO含量升高效果最好的是11组(EM菌),在试验结束时DO含量为3.08,达到了景观娱乐用水水质标准C类要求,各组处理p H值变化范围在7.14~7.79之间、亚硝态氮变化值0.005~0.147 mg/L之间,p H值和亚硝态氮浓度均在景观娱乐用水水质标准含量的范围当中。该生物集成一体化装置对城市景观水体的净化起到了一定的效果,而且可以降低水景维护与水质保持费用,装置在水体净化和营造水体景观中应用前景广阔。
In order to provide technical solutions, this paper studied the problems of various biological components in the integrated biological device, such as dust removal, mosquito removal, odor removal, algae removal and degradation of nitrogen, phosphorus and nutrient-rich substances in urban water landscape. Using aquatic animals and plants( Cipangopaludina cahayensis, Macropodusopercularis, Cleistocalyxoperculatus, Canna indica and Vallisneria natans), Eeffevite Mieroorganisms and activated carbon asmaterials, the purification effect of simulated urban water landscape by single factors and multiple factors was designed. During the test, total nitrogen, DO and other water quality indicators were monitored and compared with the environmental quality standards of surface water. After 15 days of the experiment, 10 groups( activated carbon) of 13 different treatments had the best removal effect on TN, and the removal rate was 70%. The best increasing effect of DO content was 11 groups( EM bacteria). At the end of the experiment, the DO content was 3. 08, meeting the water quality standard of landscape entertainment water( class C). The p H value of each treatment group ranged from 7. 14 to 7. 79, and the change value of nitrogenous nitrogen was from 0. 005 to 0. 147 mg/L. The p H value and nitrogenous nitrogen concentration of each treatment group were within the range of water quality standards of landscape entertainment water. The biological integration device had a significant effect on purification of urban water landscape, and it could reduce the maintenance cost of waterscape and water-quality. The device had a broad application prospect in water purification and landscape building.
In order to provide technical solutions, this paper studied the problems of various biological components in the integrated biological device, such as dust removal, mosquito removal, odor removal, algae removal and degradation of nitrogen, phosphorus and nutrient-rich substances in urban water landscape. Using aquatic animals and plants( Cipangopaludina cahayensis, Macropodusopercularis, Cleistocalyxoperculatus, Canna indica and Vallisneria natans), Eeffevite Mieroorganisms and activated carbon asmaterials, the purification effect of simulated urban water landscape by single factors and multiple factors was designed. During the test, total nitrogen, DO and other water quality indicators were monitored and compared with the environmental quality standards of surface water. After 15 days of the experiment, 10 groups( activated carbon) of 13 different treatments had the best removal effect on TN, and the removal rate was 70%. The best increasing effect of DO content was 11 groups( EM bacteria). At the end of the experiment, the DO content was 3. 08, meeting the water quality standard of landscape entertainment water( class C). The p H value of each treatment group ranged from 7. 14 to 7. 79, and the change value of nitrogenous nitrogen was from 0. 005 to 0. 147 mg/L. The p H value and nitrogenous nitrogen concentration of each treatment group were within the range of water quality standards of landscape entertainment water. The biological integration device had a significant effect on purification of urban water landscape, and it could reduce the maintenance cost of waterscape and water-quality. The device had a broad application prospect in water purification and landscape building.
引文
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[3]HILTON J,O'HARE M,BOWES M J,et al.How green is my river A new paradigm of eutrophication in rivers[J].Science of the Total Environment,2006,365(1):66-83.
[4]白丽荣,郑博颖,芦站根.不同动植物组合对衡水湖水体净化作用研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015(12):236-237+252.
[5]肖小雨,尹丽,龙婉婉,等.水生动植物联合作用净化不同富营养化景观水体研究[J].环境科学与管理,2014(6):18-23.
[6]王晓菲.水生动植物对富营养化水体的联合修复研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.
[7]黄翔峰,王珅,陈国鑫,等.水生动植物组合对水产养殖废水的净化能力[J].水处理技术,2015(2):62-66.
[8]邹俊良,杨京平,杨虎.水生植物-滤食性动物用于水产养殖废水净化的研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2013(4):444-451.
[9]国家环境保护局.景观娱乐用水水质标准:GB 12941—91[S].1991.
[10]陈倩,晁建颖,张毅敏,等.底栖动物与挺水植物协同修复富营养化水体的研究[J].水处理技术,2011(8):61-63+71.
[11]AREND K K,BELETSKY D,DEPINTO J V,et al.Seasonal and interannual effects of hypoxia on fish habitat quality in central Lake[J].Freshwater Biology,2011,56(2):366-383.
[12]霍张丽,朱广龙,张江汀,等.模拟人工湿地植物对富营养化水体的修复研究[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(5):267-271.
[13]张巍,应维琪,常启刚,等.水处理活性炭吸附性能指标的表征与应用[J].中国环境科学,2007(3):289-294.
[14]李凤镱,谭君山.活性炭吸附法处理染料废水研究的进展概况[J].广州环境科学,2010(1):5-8.
[15]李子龙,马双枫,王栋,等.活性炭吸附水中金属离子和有机物吸附模式和机理的研究[J].环境科学与管理,2009(10):88-92+178.
[16]刘百仓,韩帮军,马军,等.粉末活性炭吸附去除松花江原水中有机物的研究[J].中国给水排水,2008,24(21):38-41.
[17]比嘉照夫.拯救地球大变革[M].冯玉润,译.北京:中国农业大学出版社,1992.
[18]比嘉照夫.救世自然农法与EM技术[R].自然农法国际研究开发,1992.
[19]HIGA T.EMTechnology Serving the Word[C].Personal Communication.1994.
[20]HIGA T.Producing Safe Food Stuffs[C].Personal Communication.1994.