胶州湾水域石油烃的分布及污染源
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摘要
根据1980-06,1980-07,1980-09,1980-10的胶州湾水域调查资料,通过石油烃(PHC)在胶州湾水域的质量浓度变化、表、底层水平分布、垂直分布和季节变化的分析,研究结果表明:在胶州湾水体中,PHC的质量浓度达到了三类海水水质标准的水域有:6和9月份,在整个湾内的水域;7月份,在海泊河、李村河、娄山河和大沽河的入海口以及他们之间的近岸水域;10月份,在海泊河、李村河和娄山河的入海口水域及其他们之间的近岸水域。除了上述水域外,在湾内的其它水域,PHC的质量浓度达到了二类海水水质标准。在空间和时间尺度上表明,胶州湾东部和东北部的海泊河、李村河和娄山河,还有北部的大沽河,都是胶州湾PHC污染的主要来源。通过PHC的陆地迁移过程,展示了从湾的东部、东北部和北部近岸水域到湾的其他水域包括湾中心、湾口和湾外,PHC的质量浓度从大到小的下降趋势。通过PHC的水域迁移过程,展示了PHC表层质量浓度迅速下降的过程及结果。通过表层PHC的水平分布和质量浓度变化,进一步说明了河流对PHC的大量输送和表层PHC质量浓度的迅速下降。于是,在胶州湾水体中,PHC表、底层质量浓度没有明显的季节变化,PHC质量浓度完全依赖于河流对PHC的大量输送。同时将河流输送的强度分为4个阶段,展示了河流输送PHC质量浓度的强度变化过程。
Based on data from the investigation in Jiaozhou bay waters in 1980,the content change,horizontal and vertical distributions and seasonal variation of PHC in Jiaozhou Bay were analyzed.It was showed that there were the whole bay waters in June and September,the estuaries of Haibo river,Licun river,Loushan river and Dagu river and the coastal waters among them in July,the estuaries of Haibo river,Licun river and Loushan river and the coastal waters among them in July,where PHC contents arrived the national Grade Ⅲ of the water quality standard.Except for the waters above,there were the other waters in the bay,where PHC contents arrived the national Grade Ⅱ of the water quality standard.By the spatial and temporal scale,the Haibo river,Licun river and Loushan river in the east and northeast of the bay and the Dagu river in the north of the bay were the main sources of PHC pollution.The land transfer process of PHC showed that the PHC content declined from the coastal waters in the east,northeast and north of the bay to the other bay waters: bay center,bay mouth and outside the bay.The waters transfer process of PHC showed the process and results of surface PHC content swiftly falling.And the horizontal distribution and content change of PHC at surface further illustrated the transport of the rivers for PHC and the rapid fall of PHC content at surface.Therefore,in the bay waters,PHC contents at the surface and bottom had no obvious seasonal change,and fully relied on the large transport of the rivers for PHC.The authors divided the intensity of the rivers' transport into the four phases,that unveiled the intensity change process of the rivers' transporting PHC content.
Based on data from the investigation in Jiaozhou bay waters in 1980,the content change,horizontal and vertical distributions and seasonal variation of PHC in Jiaozhou Bay were analyzed.It was showed that there were the whole bay waters in June and September,the estuaries of Haibo river,Licun river,Loushan river and Dagu river and the coastal waters among them in July,the estuaries of Haibo river,Licun river and Loushan river and the coastal waters among them in July,where PHC contents arrived the national Grade Ⅲ of the water quality standard.Except for the waters above,there were the other waters in the bay,where PHC contents arrived the national Grade Ⅱ of the water quality standard.By the spatial and temporal scale,the Haibo river,Licun river and Loushan river in the east and northeast of the bay and the Dagu river in the north of the bay were the main sources of PHC pollution.The land transfer process of PHC showed that the PHC content declined from the coastal waters in the east,northeast and north of the bay to the other bay waters: bay center,bay mouth and outside the bay.The waters transfer process of PHC showed the process and results of surface PHC content swiftly falling.And the horizontal distribution and content change of PHC at surface further illustrated the transport of the rivers for PHC and the rapid fall of PHC content at surface.Therefore,in the bay waters,PHC contents at the surface and bottom had no obvious seasonal change,and fully relied on the large transport of the rivers for PHC.The authors divided the intensity of the rivers' transport into the four phases,that unveiled the intensity change process of the rivers' transporting PHC content.
引文
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[2]LEVY E M,EHRHARDT M,KOHNKE K,et al.Global oil poclution[M].Pair:Intergocern-mertal Oceanographic Commission,1981.
[3]National research council.Oil in the Sea[M].Washington:National Academy Press,1985.
[4]HY003.4-91海洋监测规范[S].北京:海洋出版社,1991:205-282.
[5]YANG D F,ZHANG Y C,ZOU J,et al.Contents and distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons(PHC)in Jiaozhou Bay waters[J].Open Journal of Marine Science,2011,2(3):108-112.
[6]尚龙生,孙茜,徐恒振,等.海洋石油污染与测定[J].海洋环境科学,1997,16(1):16-21.
[7]杨东方,王凡,高振会,等.胶州湾浮游藻类生态现象[J].海洋科学,2004,28(6):71-74.
[8]杨东方,高振会,曹海荣,等.胶州湾水域有机农药六六六分布及迁移[J].海岸工程,2008,27(2):65-71.
[9]杨东方,高振会,孙培艳,等.胶州湾水域有机农药六六六春、夏季的质量浓度及分布[J].海岸工程,2009,28(2):69-77.
[10]杨东方,曹海荣,高振会,等.胶州湾水体重金属HgⅠ.分布和迁移[J].海洋环境科学,2008,27(1):37-39.
[11]杨东方,王磊磊,高振会,等.胶州湾水体重金属HgⅡ.分布和污染源[J].海洋环境科学,2009,28(5):501-505