种植杞柳对根际土壤中重金属镉形态、养分质量分数及微生物数量的影响
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摘要
为揭示杞柳(salix integra)在镉污染下根际行为对镉形态、土壤养分质量分数及微生物数量的影响,在棚内进行盆栽试验。试验设置4个镉质量分数处理(0、50、100及150 mg·kg~(-1)),每个处理同时设置种苗组和未种植组。对根际、非根际及未种植组土壤的阳离子交换量、p H值、有机质质量分数、速效养分质量分数等进行测定分析;采用BCR逐级提取技术对根际、非根际及未种植组土壤的镉形态进行分析;采用稀释涂布平板法,计算微生物菌落数量。结果表明:随着镉质量分数的增加,根际土壤p H值降低,速效钾与碱解氮质量分数升高,种植组土壤阳离子交换量显著小于未种植组。50 mg·kg~(-1)处理组对根际速效磷呈现出一定的抑制作用。土壤中镉各形态质量分数由大到小的大体顺序为弱酸提取态、可还原态、残渣态、可氧化态,对生物有效性高的弱酸提取态质量分数由小到大排序为根际、非根际、未种植组。微生物数量随着污染程度增加而减少,根际微生物数量大于非根际微生物数量。重金属对微生物数量影响较大。
We studied the effect of rhizosphere behavior on the Cd fractionations,soil nutrients and microbial quantity of Salix integra under Cd pollution. We set the four Cd concentration gradient treatments( 0,50,100 and 150 mg·kg~(-1)),and planted group and un-planted group set in each treatment. And we analyzed the cation exchange capacity,pH,organic matter,available nutrients of soil in rhizosphere,non-rhizosphere and unplanted group. Cd fractionations of the rhizosphere,non-rhizosphere and unplanted group soil were analyzed by BCR technique. The numbers of microbial was calculated by the method of medium counting. The pH of rhizosphere soil was decreased,and the contents of AK and AN were increased with the increase of Cd fractionations. The CEC value of planting group was significantly lower than that un-planted group. The 50 mg·kg~(-1) group showed an inhibitory effect on the content of AP in rhizosphere. The content of Cd fractionations forms showed descending order of EX,OXI,RES,and ORG. The content of EX form showed ascending order of rhizosphere,non-rhizosphere,and un-planted. The numbers of microbes were decreased as pollution was increased,and the numbers of rhizosphere microbes were higher than those of non-rhizosphere microbes. Cd has a greater impact on the numbers of microbes.
We studied the effect of rhizosphere behavior on the Cd fractionations,soil nutrients and microbial quantity of Salix integra under Cd pollution. We set the four Cd concentration gradient treatments( 0,50,100 and 150 mg·kg~(-1)),and planted group and un-planted group set in each treatment. And we analyzed the cation exchange capacity,pH,organic matter,available nutrients of soil in rhizosphere,non-rhizosphere and unplanted group. Cd fractionations of the rhizosphere,non-rhizosphere and unplanted group soil were analyzed by BCR technique. The numbers of microbial was calculated by the method of medium counting. The pH of rhizosphere soil was decreased,and the contents of AK and AN were increased with the increase of Cd fractionations. The CEC value of planting group was significantly lower than that un-planted group. The 50 mg·kg~(-1) group showed an inhibitory effect on the content of AP in rhizosphere. The content of Cd fractionations forms showed descending order of EX,OXI,RES,and ORG. The content of EX form showed ascending order of rhizosphere,non-rhizosphere,and un-planted. The numbers of microbes were decreased as pollution was increased,and the numbers of rhizosphere microbes were higher than those of non-rhizosphere microbes. Cd has a greater impact on the numbers of microbes.
引文
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[14]朱江,周俊,费群燕,等.外源铅在土壤中的形态、分布及其对土壤养分的影响[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(1):74-77.
[15]湛方栋,陈建军,秦丽,等.镉铅污染的玉米秸秆还田对蚕豆生长、养分和镉铅含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(4):661-668.
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[18]RILEY D,BARBER S A.Bicarbonate accumulation and pHchanges at the Soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)root-soil interface 1[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1969,33(6):905-908.
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[20]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[21]林先贵.土壤微生物研究原理与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.
[22]陈有鑑,黄艺,曹军,等.玉米根际土壤中不同重金属的形态变化[J].土壤学报,2003,40(3):367-373.
[23]林琦,陈怀满,郑春荣,等.根际环境中镉的形态转化[J].土壤学报,1998,35(4):461-467.
[24]王秀丽,徐建民,姚槐应,等.重金属铜、锌、镉、铅复合污染对土壤环境微生物群落的影响[J].环境科学学报,2003,23(1):22-27.
[25]CACADOR I C,VALE C,CATARINO F.Accumulation of Zn,Pb,Cu,Cr and Ni in sediments between roots of the tagus estuary salt marshes,portugal[J].Estuarine Coastal&Shelf Science,1996,42(3):393-403.
[26]ABOLLINO O,ACETO M,MALANDRINO M,et al.Heavy metals in agricultural soils from Piedmont,Italy.distribution,speciation and chemometric data treatment[J].Chemosphere,2002,49(6):545-557.
[27]吴俊斌.改进BCR提取协同ICP-MS法对大宝山横石河重金属及其形态的分析[D].广州:华南理工大学,2015.
[28]孙琴,王晓蓉,丁士明.超积累植物吸收重金属的根际效应研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(1):30-36.
[29]MA L Q,RAO G N.Chemical fractionation of cadmium,copper,nickel,and zinc in contaminated soils[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1997,26(1):259-264.
[30]杨肖娥,龙新宪,倪吾钟.超积累植物吸收重金属的生理及分子机制[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(1):8-15.
[31]张福锁.植物根引起的根际p H值改变的原因及效应[J].土壤通报,1993,24(1):43-45.
[32]李廷强,朱恩,杨肖娥,等.超积累植物东南景天根际可溶性有机质对土壤锌吸附解吸的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(4):838-844.
[33]刁展.外源重金属对不同类型土壤养分及微生物活性的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[34]HE Y,XU J M,LX F,et al.Does the depletion of pentachlorophenol in root-soil interface follow a simple linear dependence on the distance to root surfaces?[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2009,41(9):1807-1813.
[35]YANG W H,ZHANG T X,LIN S,et al.Distance-dependent varieties of microbial community structure and metabolic functions in the rhizosphere of Sedum alfredii Hance during phytoextraction of a cadmium-contaminated soil[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research International,2017,24(16):1-15.
[2]宋伟,陈百明,刘琳.中国耕地土壤重金属污染概况[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(2):293-298.
[3]串丽敏,赵同科,郑怀国,等.土壤重金属污染修复技术研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(S2):213-222.
[4]YOON J,XINDE C,QIXING Z.Accumulation of Pb,Cu,and Zn in native plants growing on a contaminated florida site[J].Science of the Total Environment,2006,368(2):456-464.
[5]RAFATI M,KHORASANI N,MOATTAR F,et al.Phytoremediation potential of Populus alba and Morus alba for cadmium,chromuim and nickel absorption from polluted soil[J].International Journal of Environmental Research,2011,5(4):961-970.
[6]苗欣宇,周启星.污染土壤植物修复效率影响因素研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(3):870-877.
[7]TLUSTOP,SZKOVJ,VYSLOUILOVM,et al.Variation in the uptake of Arsenic,Cadmium,Lead,and Zinc by different species of willows Salix spp.grown in contaminated soils[J].Central European Journal of Biology,2007,2(2):254-275.
[8]杨卫东,陈益泰.不同杞柳品种对镉(Cd)吸收与忍耐的差异[J].林业科学研究,2008,21(6):857-861.
[9]章骅,何品晶,吕凡,等.重金属在环境中的化学形态分析研究进展[J].环境化学,2011,30(1):130-137.
[10]TESSIER A,CAMPBELL P G C,BISSON M.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
[11]邓玉兰,徐小逊,张世熔,等.不同镉浓度下绿穗苋根际环境特征与镉形态分布[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(2):288-293.
[12]WEI S.Main rhizosphere characteristics of the Cd hyperaccumulator Rorippa globosa(Turcz.)Thell[J].Plant&Soil,2013,372(1/2):669-681.
[13]ERIKSSON J,LEDIN S.Changes in phytoavailability and concentration of cadmium in soil following long term Salix cropping[J].Water Air and Soil Pollution,1999,114(1/2):171-184.
[14]朱江,周俊,费群燕,等.外源铅在土壤中的形态、分布及其对土壤养分的影响[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(1):74-77.
[15]湛方栋,陈建军,秦丽,等.镉铅污染的玉米秸秆还田对蚕豆生长、养分和镉铅含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(4):661-668.
[16]国家环境保护局.土壤环境质量标准:GB15618-1995[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.
[17]黄会一,蒋德明.木本植物对土壤中镉的吸收、积累和耐性[J].中国环境科学,1989,9(5):323-330.
[18]RILEY D,BARBER S A.Bicarbonate accumulation and pHchanges at the Soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)root-soil interface 1[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1969,33(6):905-908.
[19]RILEY D,BARBER S A.Salt accumulation at the soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)root-soil interface[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1970,34(1):154-155.
[20]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[21]林先贵.土壤微生物研究原理与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.
[22]陈有鑑,黄艺,曹军,等.玉米根际土壤中不同重金属的形态变化[J].土壤学报,2003,40(3):367-373.
[23]林琦,陈怀满,郑春荣,等.根际环境中镉的形态转化[J].土壤学报,1998,35(4):461-467.
[24]王秀丽,徐建民,姚槐应,等.重金属铜、锌、镉、铅复合污染对土壤环境微生物群落的影响[J].环境科学学报,2003,23(1):22-27.
[25]CACADOR I C,VALE C,CATARINO F.Accumulation of Zn,Pb,Cu,Cr and Ni in sediments between roots of the tagus estuary salt marshes,portugal[J].Estuarine Coastal&Shelf Science,1996,42(3):393-403.
[26]ABOLLINO O,ACETO M,MALANDRINO M,et al.Heavy metals in agricultural soils from Piedmont,Italy.distribution,speciation and chemometric data treatment[J].Chemosphere,2002,49(6):545-557.
[27]吴俊斌.改进BCR提取协同ICP-MS法对大宝山横石河重金属及其形态的分析[D].广州:华南理工大学,2015.
[28]孙琴,王晓蓉,丁士明.超积累植物吸收重金属的根际效应研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(1):30-36.
[29]MA L Q,RAO G N.Chemical fractionation of cadmium,copper,nickel,and zinc in contaminated soils[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1997,26(1):259-264.
[30]杨肖娥,龙新宪,倪吾钟.超积累植物吸收重金属的生理及分子机制[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(1):8-15.
[31]张福锁.植物根引起的根际p H值改变的原因及效应[J].土壤通报,1993,24(1):43-45.
[32]李廷强,朱恩,杨肖娥,等.超积累植物东南景天根际可溶性有机质对土壤锌吸附解吸的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(4):838-844.
[33]刁展.外源重金属对不同类型土壤养分及微生物活性的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[34]HE Y,XU J M,LX F,et al.Does the depletion of pentachlorophenol in root-soil interface follow a simple linear dependence on the distance to root surfaces?[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2009,41(9):1807-1813.
[35]YANG W H,ZHANG T X,LIN S,et al.Distance-dependent varieties of microbial community structure and metabolic functions in the rhizosphere of Sedum alfredii Hance during phytoextraction of a cadmium-contaminated soil[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research International,2017,24(16):1-15.