基于压力脉冲法的储层基质压裂液伤害评价
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摘要
低渗透油气藏储层基质致密,发育微纳米孔喉,毛管压力作用明显,在压裂过程中由于压裂液返排不彻底而受到伤害,导致油气藏产能降低。目前大量的研究集中于压裂液对储层裂缝的伤害,忽略了对基质的伤害。基于压力脉冲法测定原理,建立基质渗透率测定模型,并根据模型研发了压力传导仪,系统地研究压裂液对塔里木油田克深地区致密砂岩、四川盆地鲁家坪组以及须家河组页岩储层基质的伤害规律。与常规岩心流动伤害评价方法相比,压力脉冲法不需计量岩心出口端流量,而是以记录流体通过岩心时下游压力随时间的变化来评价岩心渗透性和损害程度,从而解决了低渗透岩心渗透率过低而引起的实验误差大、流量监测时间长等常规评价问题。
The tight sandstone matrix is characterized by development of micro-nano pore throats and strong capillary forces. Fracturing fluids can interact with reservoir rocks and cause formation damage resulting in decrease of productivity in oil reservoir. However,considerable previous studies are focused on the damage of the fracturing fluids on the fractures of formations without taking the effect of matrix damage on productivity into consideration. The damage rule of the fracturing fluid on Keshen tight sandstone and the shale matrix of Xujiahe Formation and Lujiaping Formation was studied systematically using a transient pressure pulse instrument that was developed according to the matrix permeability model based on the principle of transient pressure pulse method. Compared with the conventional damage evaluation method measuring the outlet flow of core,the transient pressure pulse method only records the variation of downstream pressure with time during the fluid flowing through the cores,which can evaluate core permeability and damage degree and overcome the problems of large experiment error and long flow monitoring caused by extreme low permeability of the low-permeability cores.
The tight sandstone matrix is characterized by development of micro-nano pore throats and strong capillary forces. Fracturing fluids can interact with reservoir rocks and cause formation damage resulting in decrease of productivity in oil reservoir. However,considerable previous studies are focused on the damage of the fracturing fluids on the fractures of formations without taking the effect of matrix damage on productivity into consideration. The damage rule of the fracturing fluid on Keshen tight sandstone and the shale matrix of Xujiahe Formation and Lujiaping Formation was studied systematically using a transient pressure pulse instrument that was developed according to the matrix permeability model based on the principle of transient pressure pulse method. Compared with the conventional damage evaluation method measuring the outlet flow of core,the transient pressure pulse method only records the variation of downstream pressure with time during the fluid flowing through the cores,which can evaluate core permeability and damage degree and overcome the problems of large experiment error and long flow monitoring caused by extreme low permeability of the low-permeability cores.
引文
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[19]王旭升,陈占清.岩石渗透试验瞬态法的水动力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增1):3 098-3 103.WANG Xusheng,CHEN Zhanqing.Hydrodynamic analysis of transient method in rock seepage tests[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supplement1):3 098-3 103.
[20]张铭.低渗透岩石实验理论及装置[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(6):919-925.ZHANG Ming.Theory and apparatus for testing low-permeability of rocks in laboratory[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(6):919-925.
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[22]CARSLAW H S,JAEGER J C.Conduction of heat in solids[M].Oxford:Clarendon Press,1959.
[23]要继超,王兴志,罗兰,等.渝东地区龙马溪组页岩气成藏地质条件研究[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(4):77-80.YAO Jichao,WANG Xingzhi,LUO Lan,et al.Geology of Longmaxi shale gas accumulation in eastern Chongqing[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(4):77-80.
[24]黄睿哲,姜振学,高之业,等.页岩储层组构特征对自发渗吸的影响[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(1):111-115.HUANG Ruizhe,JIANG Zhenxue,GAO Zhiye,et al.Effect of composition and structural characteristics on spontaneous imbibition of shale reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(1):111-115.
[25]ENGELDER T,CATHLES L M,BRYNDZIA L T.The fate of residual treatment water in gas shale[J].Journal of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources,2014,7:33-48.
[26]LAN Q,GHANBARI E,DEHGHANPOUR H,et al.Water loss versus soaking time:spontaneous imbibition in tight rocks[J].Energy Technology,2014,2(12):1 033-1 039.
[27]MAKHANOV K,HABIBI A,DEHGHANPOUR H,et al.Liquid uptake of gas shales:a workflow to estimate water loss during shut-in periods after fracturing operations[J].Journal of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources,2014,7:22-32.
[28]KING G E.Hydraulic fracturing101:what every representative,environmentalist,regulator,reporter,investor,university researcher,neighbor and engineer should know about estimating frac risk and improving frac performance in unconventional gas and oil wells[C].Texas:SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference,2012.
[29]AL-MUNTASHERI G A.A critical review of hydraulic-fracturing fluids for moderate-to ultralow-permeability formations over the last decade[J].SPE Production&Operations,2014,29(4):243-260.
[30]HU Y T,CHUNG H C,MAXEY J E.What is more important for proppant transport,viscosity or elasticity?[C].Texas:SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference,2012.
[2]张路锋,牟建业,贺雨南,等.高温高压碳酸盐岩油藏酸蚀裂缝导流能力实验研究[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2017,32(4):93-97.ZHANG Lufeng,MOU Jianye,HE Yunan,et al.Study on acid fracture conductivity behavior of high temperature and high closure pressure carbonate reservoir[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2017,32(4):93-97.
[3]徐林静,张士诚,马新仿.胍胶压裂液对储集层渗透率的伤害特征[J].新疆石油地质,2016,37(4):456-459.XU Linjing,ZHANG Shicheng,MA Xinfang.Characteristics of damage of guar gel fracturing fluid to reservoir permeability[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2016,37(4):456-459.
[4]严谨,史云清,郑荣臣,等.致密砂岩气藏井网加密潜力快速评价方法[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(1):125-128.YAN Jin,SHI Yunqing,ZHENG Rongchen,et al.Quick evaluation methodology of infill drilling potential in tight sandstone gas reservoirs[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(1):125-128.
[5]陈思宇,田华,柳少波,等.致密储层样品体积测量对孔隙度误差的影响[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(6):850-856.CHEN Siyu,TIAN Hua,LIU Shaobo,et al.Influence of bulk volume measurement on porosity error in tight reservoir core plug analysis[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2016,38(6):850-856.
[6]卓仁燕,张烈辉,郭晶晶,等.含气页岩渗透率实验[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2016,35(1):155-157.ZHUO Renyan,ZHANG Liehui,GUO Jingjing,et al.Experiment of gas-bearing shale permeability[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2016,35(1):155-157.
[7]司志梅,李爱芬,郭海萱,等.致密油藏压裂液滤液返排率影响因素室内实验[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(1):122-126.SI Zhimei,LI Aifen,GUO Haixuan,et al.Experimental study on the influencing factors of fracturing fluid flowback rate in tight reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(1):122-126.
[8]冉天,谭先锋,陈浩,等.渝东南地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩气成藏地质特征[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(5):17-26.RAN Tian,TAN Xianfeng,CHEN Hao,et al.Geological features of shale gas accumulation in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation,Southeast Chongqing[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(5):17-26.
[9]HOLDITCH S A.Factors affecting water blocking and gas flow from hydraulically fractured gas wells[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1979,31(12):1 515-1 524.
[10]VOLK L J,GALL B L,RAIBLE C J,et al.A method for evaluation of formation damage due to fracturing fluids[R].SPE/DOE 11638,1983.
[11]YU X,GUO B.How significant is the formation damage in multifractured horizontal wells?[R].SPE/DOE 125905,2010.
[12]PAGELS M,WILLBERG D M,EDELMAN E,et al.Quantifying fracturing fluid damage on reservoir rock to optimize production[C].Denver:Unconventional Resources Technology Conference,2013.
[13]WEAVER J D,SCHULTHEISS N C,LIANG F.Fracturing fluid conductivity damage and recovery efficiency[C].Noordwijk:SPE European Formation Damage Conference&Exhibition,2013.
[14]GALL B L,SATTLER A R,MALONEY D R,et al.Permeability damage to natural fractures caused by fracturing fluid polymers[C].Casper:SPE Rocky Mountain Regional Meeting,1988.
[15]CIPOLLA C L,WARPINSKI N R,MAYERHOFER M,et al.The relationship between fracture complexity,reservoir properties,and fracture-treatment design[J].SPE Production&Operations,2010,25(4):438-452.
[16]BRACE W F,WALSH J B,FRANGOS W T.Permeability of granite under high pressure[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1968,73(6):2 225-2 236.
[17]HSIEH P A,TRACY J V,NEUZIL C E,et al.A transient laboratory method for determining the hydraulic properties of‘tight’rocks—I.Theory[C].Pergamon:International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1981.
[18]NEUZIL C E,COOLEY C,SILLIMAN S E,et al.A transient laboratory method for determining the hydraulic properties of‘tight’rocks—II.Application[C].Pergamon:International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1981.
[19]王旭升,陈占清.岩石渗透试验瞬态法的水动力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增1):3 098-3 103.WANG Xusheng,CHEN Zhanqing.Hydrodynamic analysis of transient method in rock seepage tests[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supplement1):3 098-3 103.
[20]张铭.低渗透岩石实验理论及装置[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(6):919-925.ZHANG Ming.Theory and apparatus for testing low-permeability of rocks in laboratory[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(6):919-925.
[21]李小春,王颖,魏宁.变容压力脉冲渗透系数测量方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2 482-2 487.LI Xiaochun,WANG Ying,WEI Ning.Research on measuring method of permeability by using storage-variable transient pulse method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(12):2 482-2 487.
[22]CARSLAW H S,JAEGER J C.Conduction of heat in solids[M].Oxford:Clarendon Press,1959.
[23]要继超,王兴志,罗兰,等.渝东地区龙马溪组页岩气成藏地质条件研究[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(4):77-80.YAO Jichao,WANG Xingzhi,LUO Lan,et al.Geology of Longmaxi shale gas accumulation in eastern Chongqing[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(4):77-80.
[24]黄睿哲,姜振学,高之业,等.页岩储层组构特征对自发渗吸的影响[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(1):111-115.HUANG Ruizhe,JIANG Zhenxue,GAO Zhiye,et al.Effect of composition and structural characteristics on spontaneous imbibition of shale reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(1):111-115.
[25]ENGELDER T,CATHLES L M,BRYNDZIA L T.The fate of residual treatment water in gas shale[J].Journal of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources,2014,7:33-48.
[26]LAN Q,GHANBARI E,DEHGHANPOUR H,et al.Water loss versus soaking time:spontaneous imbibition in tight rocks[J].Energy Technology,2014,2(12):1 033-1 039.
[27]MAKHANOV K,HABIBI A,DEHGHANPOUR H,et al.Liquid uptake of gas shales:a workflow to estimate water loss during shut-in periods after fracturing operations[J].Journal of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources,2014,7:22-32.
[28]KING G E.Hydraulic fracturing101:what every representative,environmentalist,regulator,reporter,investor,university researcher,neighbor and engineer should know about estimating frac risk and improving frac performance in unconventional gas and oil wells[C].Texas:SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference,2012.
[29]AL-MUNTASHERI G A.A critical review of hydraulic-fracturing fluids for moderate-to ultralow-permeability formations over the last decade[J].SPE Production&Operations,2014,29(4):243-260.
[30]HU Y T,CHUNG H C,MAXEY J E.What is more important for proppant transport,viscosity or elasticity?[C].Texas:SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference,2012.