中药渣堆肥化过程中猪粪添加量对堆肥进程的影响
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摘要
以白屈菜、三七、麦冬等混合中药渣为主要原料,通过添加适量的猪粪调控堆肥原料中的碳氮比分别为25、30、35和40,在初始含水率为65%的条件下进行实验室规模好氧堆肥。通过分析堆肥化过程中的温度、pH值、减重、铵态氮、木质纤维素含量动态变化以及种子发芽指数,评价碳氮比对中药渣堆肥化过程的影响。结果表明C/N比能够显著影响中药渣堆肥过程。在合适的碳氮比条件下,堆肥反应剧烈,升温迅速;其中C/N 35处理比其他各处理提前2～6 d,高温期维持时间为9 d。在添加适量猪粪后,中药渣中的纤维素类物质和可溶性物质,均被有效降解,其中C/N 35条件下,降解率最高。在C/N比高于25的条件下中药渣能充分腐熟,当C/N比为35时,堆肥中氨氮含量最低,GI高达101.5%。中药渣是优质的堆肥原料,当C/N比处于30～40之间时,堆肥物料能够充分腐熟。
Laboratory-scale aerobic composting is implemented when the C/N ratio in the compost material was adjusted to 25, 30, 35, and 40 by adding appropriate amount of swine manure to the mixture of celandine, panax pseudoginseng, and ophiopogon japonicus with an initial moisture content of65%. By analyzing the temperature, pH, weight loss, ammonium nitrogen, dynamic changes of lignocellulose content and germination index(GI) during the composting, the impact of C/N ratio on the composting of herbal residue was evaluated. The results showed that when the ratio of C/N was 35:1(dry weight ratio was 3:5), the indexes of composting were better than those of other treatments when the residue was mixed with pig manure. It entered high-temperature period on the 12 thday and earlier than other treatments 2 d to 6 d, the maximum temperature in the high-temperature was 60 ℃ and the high-temperature period was 9 d; the pH reached 7.7 in the 6 d, and the pH remained in the range of 8.0 to 9.0 in 28 d and met the organic fertilizer standards; The weight loss rate, decomposition rate of soluble substances and hemicellulose, and GI were 53.9%, 36.0%, 47.8%, and 78%, respectively. The above results provided reference for the optimization of herbal residues compost.
Laboratory-scale aerobic composting is implemented when the C/N ratio in the compost material was adjusted to 25, 30, 35, and 40 by adding appropriate amount of swine manure to the mixture of celandine, panax pseudoginseng, and ophiopogon japonicus with an initial moisture content of65%. By analyzing the temperature, pH, weight loss, ammonium nitrogen, dynamic changes of lignocellulose content and germination index(GI) during the composting, the impact of C/N ratio on the composting of herbal residue was evaluated. The results showed that when the ratio of C/N was 35:1(dry weight ratio was 3:5), the indexes of composting were better than those of other treatments when the residue was mixed with pig manure. It entered high-temperature period on the 12 thday and earlier than other treatments 2 d to 6 d, the maximum temperature in the high-temperature was 60 ℃ and the high-temperature period was 9 d; the pH reached 7.7 in the 6 d, and the pH remained in the range of 8.0 to 9.0 in 28 d and met the organic fertilizer standards; The weight loss rate, decomposition rate of soluble substances and hemicellulose, and GI were 53.9%, 36.0%, 47.8%, and 78%, respectively. The above results provided reference for the optimization of herbal residues compost.
引文
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[14]吴娟.过磷酸钙对猪粪堆肥碳、氮转化及减缓有机质降解技术机制研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017.
[2]谭显东,王向东,黄健盛,等.中药渣资源化技术研究进展[J].中成药,2010,32(5):847-849.
[3]张波,廖朝林,金茜,等.中药渣资源化利用研究[J].南方园艺,2016,27(2):36-38.
[4]吴东丽,肖相政,李岳彬.中药渣资源化利用现状[J].广东化工,2015,42((14):103-105.
[5]高亮,谭德星,王延龙,等.酵素菌发酵中药渣试验研究[J].现代农业科技,2016(18):144-146.
[6]杜龙龙,马玉奎,陈飞,等.以中药渣堆肥为肥源对黄瓜基质育苗的影响[J].北方园艺,2015(6):161-164.
[7]王引权,SCHUCHARDT F,陈晖,等.翻堆频率对中药渣堆肥过程及其理化性质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(29):247-252.
[8]徐刚,高文瑞,王虹,等.不同初始pH值及覆盖材料对中药渣堆肥效果的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2015,31(6):1330-1336.
[9]JIANG T,SCHUCHARDT F,LI G,et al.Effect of C/N ratio,aeration rate and moisture content on ammonia and greenhouse gas emission during the composting[J].Journal of Environmental Science,2011,23(10):1754-1760.
[10]李昌文,欧阳韶晖.小麦麸皮的综合利用[J].粮油加工与食品机械,2003(7):55-56.
[11]包成龙,许晓燕,刘博文.小麦麸皮营养成分和综合利用[J].粮食与油脂,2014(8):58-60.
[12]中华人民共和国农业部.NY525-2012有机肥料[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2012
[13]王玉万,徐文玉.木质纤维素固体基质发酵物中半纤维素、纤维素和木素的定量分析程序[J].微生物学通报,1987,14(2):35-38.
[14]吴娟.过磷酸钙对猪粪堆肥碳、氮转化及减缓有机质降解技术机制研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017.
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