海底隧道复合注浆技术及其工程应用
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摘要
针对海底隧道不良地质体注浆加固必须同时满足稳定性、致密性和承受高水压作用的特殊要求,提出复合注浆新理念,即通过材料复合和工艺复合在围岩中形成功能型复合结构以实现安全控制和高效堵水。为此,首先建立浆液扩散机制模型,揭示注浆范围与浆脉厚度等空间分布特性及其影响因素;创建复合加固体的壳体力学模型,可对加固体的稳定性进行预测及评价,进而提出宏观力学参数的确定方法;系统分析加固体力学性能的主要影响因素,提出注浆参数的设计方法,由此可对复合注浆实现全过程工艺控制;基于复合注浆体功能型结构特点,创造隧道周边帷幕注浆技术,并首次提出采用堵水率、加固体强度和整体稳定性作为注浆效果的评价指标,较日本青函隧道等采用的全断面注浆方式显著提高了效率和可靠性。最后介绍复合注浆技术在厦门翔安海底隧道F1风化槽强透水地段的应用,达到了预期效果,确保了工程安全,由此形成了海底隧道穿越不良地质体的地层加固技术模式。
In order to meet the special requirements of stability,compactness and capacity of high water pressure,a new concept of composite grouting,adopting composite material and process to form a functional composite structure and further to realize the dual effect of safety control and efficient water plugging,was proposed. A diffusion model of slurry vein was established,and the spatial distribution characteristics of the grouting range and the thickness of slurry vein and the influencing factors were revealed. A mechanical model of slurry vein skeleton and composite shell for evaluating the stability of the grouted region was established,and a determining method of macro-mechanical parameters was proposed. The main influencing factors of mechanical properties of the grouted region were analyzed,and a design method of grouting parameters was put forward. As a result,the whole process control of composite grouting can be realized. Based on the feature of composite grouting body functional structure,a technology of peripheral curtain grouting of tunnels was developed,and the water plugging rate,grouting region strength and overall stability were proposed as the evaluation indices of grouting effect. Compared with the full-sectional grouting method,the efficiency and reliability of the developed technology are significantly improved. Finally,the application of the composite grouting technique in the highly permeable area of F1 weathering trough of Xiang'an subsea tunnel in Xiamen was introduced,and it is shown that,by using the technology,the expected effect is achieved and the engineering safety is ensured.
In order to meet the special requirements of stability,compactness and capacity of high water pressure,a new concept of composite grouting,adopting composite material and process to form a functional composite structure and further to realize the dual effect of safety control and efficient water plugging,was proposed. A diffusion model of slurry vein was established,and the spatial distribution characteristics of the grouting range and the thickness of slurry vein and the influencing factors were revealed. A mechanical model of slurry vein skeleton and composite shell for evaluating the stability of the grouted region was established,and a determining method of macro-mechanical parameters was proposed. The main influencing factors of mechanical properties of the grouted region were analyzed,and a design method of grouting parameters was put forward. As a result,the whole process control of composite grouting can be realized. Based on the feature of composite grouting body functional structure,a technology of peripheral curtain grouting of tunnels was developed,and the water plugging rate,grouting region strength and overall stability were proposed as the evaluation indices of grouting effect. Compared with the full-sectional grouting method,the efficiency and reliability of the developed technology are significantly improved. Finally,the application of the composite grouting technique in the highly permeable area of F1 weathering trough of Xiang'an subsea tunnel in Xiamen was introduced,and it is shown that,by using the technology,the expected effect is achieved and the engineering safety is ensured.
引文
[1]张顶立.海底隧道不良地质体及结构界面的变形控制技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(11):2 161-2 169.(ZHANG Dingli.Deformation control techniques of unfavorable geologic bodies and discontinuous surfaces in subsea tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(11):2 161-2 169.(in Chinese))
[2]张顶立.大型海底隧道钻爆法修建技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2018:208-212.(ZHANG Dingli.Construction technology of large cross section subsea tunnel using drill and blast method[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2018:208-212.(in Chinese))
[3]周书明,陈建军.软流塑淤泥质地层地铁区间隧道劈裂注浆加固[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(2):222-224.(ZHOU Shuming,CHENJianjun.Hydrofracture grouting in soft flowing mucky ground for a metro tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(2):222-224.(in Chinese))
[4]李术才,郑卓,刘人太,等.考虑浆-岩耦合效应的微裂隙注浆扩散机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(4):812-820.(LIShucai,ZHENG Zhuo,LIU Rentai,et al.Analysis on fracture grouting mechanism considering grout-rock coupling effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(4):812-820.(in Chinese))
[5]TAKATA TORU,SEKI HIRAKAZU,MATSUMOTO TATSUNORI,et al.Field tests on improvement effects of fracture grouting in residential areas[J].Architectural Institute of Japan Journal of Technology and Design,2010,16(33):483-488.
[6]BEZUIJEN A,TE GROTENHUIS R,VAN TOL A F,et al.Analytical model for fracture grouting in sand[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2011,(6):611-620.
[7]TSUJI H,SAWADA T,TAKIZAWA M.Extraordinary inundation accidents in the Seikan undersea tunnel[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1996,119(1):1-14.
[8]张民庆,刘招伟.圆梁山隧道岩溶突水特征分析[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(4):422-426.(ZHANG Minqing,LIU Zhaowei.The analysis on the features of karst water burst in the Yuanliangshan tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(4):422-426.(in Chinese))
[9]张顶立,孙锋,李鹏飞.海底隧道复合注浆机制研究及工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):445-452.(ZHANG Dingli,SUN Feng,LI Pengfei.Mechanism of composite grouting in subsea tunnel and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):445-452.(in Chinese))
[10]张顶立.隧道及地下工程的基本问题及其研究进展[J].力学学报,2017,49(1):3-21.(ZHANG Dingli.Essential issues and their research progress in tunnel and underground engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2017,49(1):3-21.(in Chinese))
[11]孙锋,张顶立,陈铁林.基于流体时变性的隧道劈裂注浆机制研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(1):88-93.(SUN Feng,ZHANGDingli,CHEN Tielin.Fracture grouting mechanism in tunnels based on time-dependent behaviors of grout[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(1):88-93.(in Chinese))
[12]孙振宇,张顶立,房倩,等.基于超前加固的深埋隧道围岩力学特性研究[J].工程力学,2018,35(2):92-104.(SUN Zhenyu,ZHANG Dingli,FANG Qian,et al.Research on the mechanical property of the surrounding rock of deep-buried tunnel based on the advanced reinforcement[J].Engineering Mechanics,2018,35(2):92-104.(in Chinese))
[13]CARRANZA-TORRES C,DIEDERICHS M.Mechanical analysis of circular liners with particular reference to composite supports.For example,liners consisting of shotcrete and steel sets[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2009,24(5):506-532.
[14]董葳.注浆抬升的数值模拟及抬升规律研究[硕士学位论文][D].北京:北京交通大学,2014.(DONG Wei.Study on the numerical simulation and the principle of grouting uplift[M.S.Thesis][D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2014.(in Chinese))
[15]孙锋.海底隧道风化槽复合注浆堵水关键技术研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:北京交通大学,2010.(SUN Feng.Study on the key technique of composite grouting for water blockage in weathered slot of subsea tunnel[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2010.(in Chinese))
[16]李鹏飞,张顶立,赵勇,等.海底隧道复合衬砌水压力分布规律及合理注浆加固圈参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(2):280-288.(LI Pengfei,ZHANG Dingli,ZHAO Yong,et al.Study of distribution law of water pressure acting on composite lining and reasonable parameters of grouting circle for subsea tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(2):280-288.(in Chinese))
[17]张顶立,房倩,陈铁林.大型海底隧道钻爆法修建关键技术[J].北京交通大学学报,2014,38(1):1-7.(ZHANG Dingli,FANG Qian,CHEN Tielin.Key technology of large cross-section subsea tunnel construction using drill and blast method[J].Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University,2014,38(1):1-7.(in Chinese))
[2]张顶立.大型海底隧道钻爆法修建技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2018:208-212.(ZHANG Dingli.Construction technology of large cross section subsea tunnel using drill and blast method[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2018:208-212.(in Chinese))
[3]周书明,陈建军.软流塑淤泥质地层地铁区间隧道劈裂注浆加固[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(2):222-224.(ZHOU Shuming,CHENJianjun.Hydrofracture grouting in soft flowing mucky ground for a metro tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(2):222-224.(in Chinese))
[4]李术才,郑卓,刘人太,等.考虑浆-岩耦合效应的微裂隙注浆扩散机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(4):812-820.(LIShucai,ZHENG Zhuo,LIU Rentai,et al.Analysis on fracture grouting mechanism considering grout-rock coupling effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(4):812-820.(in Chinese))
[5]TAKATA TORU,SEKI HIRAKAZU,MATSUMOTO TATSUNORI,et al.Field tests on improvement effects of fracture grouting in residential areas[J].Architectural Institute of Japan Journal of Technology and Design,2010,16(33):483-488.
[6]BEZUIJEN A,TE GROTENHUIS R,VAN TOL A F,et al.Analytical model for fracture grouting in sand[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2011,(6):611-620.
[7]TSUJI H,SAWADA T,TAKIZAWA M.Extraordinary inundation accidents in the Seikan undersea tunnel[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1996,119(1):1-14.
[8]张民庆,刘招伟.圆梁山隧道岩溶突水特征分析[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(4):422-426.(ZHANG Minqing,LIU Zhaowei.The analysis on the features of karst water burst in the Yuanliangshan tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(4):422-426.(in Chinese))
[9]张顶立,孙锋,李鹏飞.海底隧道复合注浆机制研究及工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):445-452.(ZHANG Dingli,SUN Feng,LI Pengfei.Mechanism of composite grouting in subsea tunnel and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):445-452.(in Chinese))
[10]张顶立.隧道及地下工程的基本问题及其研究进展[J].力学学报,2017,49(1):3-21.(ZHANG Dingli.Essential issues and their research progress in tunnel and underground engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2017,49(1):3-21.(in Chinese))
[11]孙锋,张顶立,陈铁林.基于流体时变性的隧道劈裂注浆机制研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(1):88-93.(SUN Feng,ZHANGDingli,CHEN Tielin.Fracture grouting mechanism in tunnels based on time-dependent behaviors of grout[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(1):88-93.(in Chinese))
[12]孙振宇,张顶立,房倩,等.基于超前加固的深埋隧道围岩力学特性研究[J].工程力学,2018,35(2):92-104.(SUN Zhenyu,ZHANG Dingli,FANG Qian,et al.Research on the mechanical property of the surrounding rock of deep-buried tunnel based on the advanced reinforcement[J].Engineering Mechanics,2018,35(2):92-104.(in Chinese))
[13]CARRANZA-TORRES C,DIEDERICHS M.Mechanical analysis of circular liners with particular reference to composite supports.For example,liners consisting of shotcrete and steel sets[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2009,24(5):506-532.
[14]董葳.注浆抬升的数值模拟及抬升规律研究[硕士学位论文][D].北京:北京交通大学,2014.(DONG Wei.Study on the numerical simulation and the principle of grouting uplift[M.S.Thesis][D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2014.(in Chinese))
[15]孙锋.海底隧道风化槽复合注浆堵水关键技术研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:北京交通大学,2010.(SUN Feng.Study on the key technique of composite grouting for water blockage in weathered slot of subsea tunnel[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2010.(in Chinese))
[16]李鹏飞,张顶立,赵勇,等.海底隧道复合衬砌水压力分布规律及合理注浆加固圈参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(2):280-288.(LI Pengfei,ZHANG Dingli,ZHAO Yong,et al.Study of distribution law of water pressure acting on composite lining and reasonable parameters of grouting circle for subsea tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(2):280-288.(in Chinese))
[17]张顶立,房倩,陈铁林.大型海底隧道钻爆法修建关键技术[J].北京交通大学学报,2014,38(1):1-7.(ZHANG Dingli,FANG Qian,CHEN Tielin.Key technology of large cross-section subsea tunnel construction using drill and blast method[J].Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University,2014,38(1):1-7.(in Chinese))
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