江苏省邳州石膏矿区采空地面塌陷发育特征与防治对策研究
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摘要
采空地面塌陷是江苏省邳州石膏矿区最主要的地质灾害类型,具有突发性、偶然性、隐蔽性等特点,矿区上方人口密集,耕地、河流分布广泛,对矿区内居民生命财产安全危害较大。在该区以往地质工作研究的基础上,通过对已发生的地面塌陷进行野外地质调查,综合分析了塌陷坑所处的基础地质条件、工程地质条件、水文地质条件、采空区形成历史、塌陷坑的形态、塌陷发展过程和人类工程活动等要素。结果表明:邳州石膏矿老采空区主要分布于矿区中部及西部,其规格严重偏离房柱法开采规范要求,整体稳定性差,常形成面状地面变形和波状地面塌陷等;近期采空区主要分布于中部及东部,常形成点状地面塌陷;巷道开拓区,主要位于中东部新建矿井区,常形成点状地面塌陷及塌陷隐患点。根据国内对石膏矿区采空地面塌陷的治理经验,结合本区实际情况,提出了一系列防治措施,以便有效规避灾害风险。该研究对矿区下一步开展采空地面塌陷治理工作提供了技术支撑。
The ground collapse caused by mining is the major type of geological disasters in gypsum mining area of Pizhou,Jiangsu Province. It has the characteristics of burstiness,contingency and invisibility. It causes huge damage to the safety of residents and their properties due to dense population and widely distributed land and rivers. Based on previous study of geological work,and through field geological survey of the ground collapse,the authors analyzed comprehensively the basic geological conditions,engineering geological conditions,hydrogeological conditions,formation history of the goafs,forms of collapse pits,development processes of the collapse and human engineering activities. The results show that the old goafs of the gypsum mine in Pizhou are mainly distributed in the middle and west of the mining area,whose specification seriously deviates from the mining requirements of the room and pillar method. The overall stability is poor,and the planar and undulate ground deformation is often formed. The recent goafs are mainly distributed in the middle and east of the mining area,which often form dotted ground collapse. The tunnel development areas,mainly located in the middle and east of the newly-built pit,often form dotted ground collapse and hidden points of collapse. Based on domestic managerial experience of ground collapse in gypsum mining area,and combined with the actual situation of this area,the authors proposed a series of prevention and control measures to effectively avoid the risk of disasters. The research could provide some technical support for the following work about control countermeasures of ground collapse in this mining area.
The ground collapse caused by mining is the major type of geological disasters in gypsum mining area of Pizhou,Jiangsu Province. It has the characteristics of burstiness,contingency and invisibility. It causes huge damage to the safety of residents and their properties due to dense population and widely distributed land and rivers. Based on previous study of geological work,and through field geological survey of the ground collapse,the authors analyzed comprehensively the basic geological conditions,engineering geological conditions,hydrogeological conditions,formation history of the goafs,forms of collapse pits,development processes of the collapse and human engineering activities. The results show that the old goafs of the gypsum mine in Pizhou are mainly distributed in the middle and west of the mining area,whose specification seriously deviates from the mining requirements of the room and pillar method. The overall stability is poor,and the planar and undulate ground deformation is often formed. The recent goafs are mainly distributed in the middle and east of the mining area,which often form dotted ground collapse. The tunnel development areas,mainly located in the middle and east of the newly-built pit,often form dotted ground collapse and hidden points of collapse. Based on domestic managerial experience of ground collapse in gypsum mining area,and combined with the actual situation of this area,the authors proposed a series of prevention and control measures to effectively avoid the risk of disasters. The research could provide some technical support for the following work about control countermeasures of ground collapse in this mining area.
引文
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[11]程国明,赵龙辉,郝春明,等.闭坑矿井地面塌陷监测示范区建设初探[J].水文地质工程地质,2010,37(4):130-134.
[12]闫建伟,汪云甲,陈国良,等.钱营孜煤矿地表沉陷的D-InSAR监测[J].金属矿山,2011(3):105-107,111.
[13]郭爱生.浅谈开拓巷道锚网喷联合支护技术应用研究[J].中国矿业,2011,20(8):92-94.
[2]贺桂成,刘永,张志军,等.衡山石膏矿地面塌陷机理的FLAC 3D模拟[J].矿业研究与开发,2013,33(1):73-76,109.
[3]闫世民,李乐功,刘保业.江苏邳州石膏矿区采矿地面塌陷易发性模糊综合评判[J].地质学刊,2014,38(2):334-338.
[4]徐州市矿业协会.徐州市邳北石膏矿区采矿地面塌陷机理及防治措施研究[R].徐州:徐州市矿业协会,2010.
[5]刘星辉,苏国友.邵东县石膏矿采空区地面稳定性评价及地质灾害防治对策[J].矿业工程,2004,24(1):20-23.
[6]陈乐求,彭振斌,徐力生.石膏矿采空区充填加固技术的试验研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2009,20(4):72-77.
[7]谢雨军.湖南某县塌陷灾害易发程度分区与形成机理研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2014.
[8]卢开华,苏宏,李聃,等.子陵铺石膏矿段采空区稳定性分析及对策研究[J].资源环境与工程,2013,27(5):676-680.
[9]江苏省地质矿产局第五地质大队.邳州市邳北石膏矿区采空地面塌陷防治规划专题研究报告[R].徐州:江苏省地质矿产局第五地质大队,2015.
[10]卢毅,施斌,于军,等.地面变形分布式光纤监测模型试验研究[J].工程地质学报,2015,23(5):896-901.
[11]程国明,赵龙辉,郝春明,等.闭坑矿井地面塌陷监测示范区建设初探[J].水文地质工程地质,2010,37(4):130-134.
[12]闫建伟,汪云甲,陈国良,等.钱营孜煤矿地表沉陷的D-InSAR监测[J].金属矿山,2011(3):105-107,111.
[13]郭爱生.浅谈开拓巷道锚网喷联合支护技术应用研究[J].中国矿业,2011,20(8):92-94.