冷却速率对新型高硬度预硬化塑料模具钢组织和性能的影响
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摘要
采用Formast-FII热膨胀仪测定了新型高硬度预硬化塑料模具钢3Cr2MnNiMoV在不同冷速下的连续冷却转变曲线(CCT)并采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜以及显微硬度仪等观察分析了试验钢的组织和硬度。结果表明:冷却速率为0.03～0.15℃/s,3Cr2MnNiMoV钢中相变主要产物为贝氏体;冷却速率为0.3～16℃/s时,相变主要产物为马氏体;冷却速率在0.03～0.3℃/s变化范围内时,随冷速的增加,试验钢的显微硬度增加,贝氏体铁素体由等轴状变为板条状生长,最终合并成块状铁素体;等轴铁素体长大合并形成的块状铁素体中马奥岛尺寸大、数量少、排列不规则;板条铁素体长大合并形成的块状铁素体中马奥岛尺寸小,数量多、以平行方式排列;当冷速在0.3～16℃/s时,冷却速率对试验钢的马氏体转变以及硬度没有影响。
The continuous cooling transition(CCT) curves of a new type of high hardness pre-hardening plastic mould steel 3 Cr2 MnNiMoV at different cooling rates was measured by Formast-FII thermal expansion instrument and the microstructure and hardness of the steel were analyzed by means of optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy and microhardness test. The results show that the main transformation product of the steel is bainite when the cooling rate is 0.03-0.15 ℃/s, and turns to martensite when the cooling rate is 0.3-16 ℃/s. When the cooling rate is in the range of 0.03-0.3 ℃/s, with the increase of the cooling rate, the microhardness of the steel increases, and the bainitic ferrite grows from equiaxed to lath, and finally merges into a massive ferrite. In the massive ferrite formed by equiaxed ferrite growth, the size of the M-A island is large, the quantity is small, and the arrangement is irregular. In the massive ferrite formed by lath ferrite growth, the M-A island is small in size, large in quantity, and arranged in parallel. When the cooling rate is 0.3-16 ℃/s, the cooling rate has no effect on the martensite transformation and hardness of the steel.
The continuous cooling transition(CCT) curves of a new type of high hardness pre-hardening plastic mould steel 3 Cr2 MnNiMoV at different cooling rates was measured by Formast-FII thermal expansion instrument and the microstructure and hardness of the steel were analyzed by means of optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy and microhardness test. The results show that the main transformation product of the steel is bainite when the cooling rate is 0.03-0.15 ℃/s, and turns to martensite when the cooling rate is 0.3-16 ℃/s. When the cooling rate is in the range of 0.03-0.3 ℃/s, with the increase of the cooling rate, the microhardness of the steel increases, and the bainitic ferrite grows from equiaxed to lath, and finally merges into a massive ferrite. In the massive ferrite formed by equiaxed ferrite growth, the size of the M-A island is large, the quantity is small, and the arrangement is irregular. In the massive ferrite formed by lath ferrite growth, the M-A island is small in size, large in quantity, and arranged in parallel. When the cooling rate is 0.3-16 ℃/s, the cooling rate has no effect on the martensite transformation and hardness of the steel.
引文
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[17] 马强.低碳微合金钢的相变动力学及针状铁素体组织研究[J].河北冶金,2006(5):12-16.MA Qiang.Phase transfromation dynamics of low-carbon microally steel and study about structure of needle-like ferrite[J].Hebei Metallurgy,2006(5):12-16.
[18] Qiao Z X,Liu Y C,Yu L M,et al.Formation mechanism of granular bainite in a 30CrNi3MoV steel[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2009,475(1/2):560-564.
[2] 罗毅,吴晓春.预硬型塑料模具钢的研究进展[J].金属热处理,2007,32(12):22-25.LUO Yi,WU Xiao-chun.Research progress of prehardened plastic mould steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2007,32(12):22-25.
[3] 李知伦,马党参,迟宏宵,等.预硬型718塑料模具钢大模块的组织性能[J].材料热处理学报,2013,34(S2):117-122.LI Zhi-lun,MA Dang-shen,CHI Hong-xiao,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of large-sized pre-hardened plastic die steel 718[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2013,34(S2):117-122.
[4] 王勇围,郭强,康爱军,等.718预硬化塑料模具钢大型模块的组织和硬度分析[J].金属热处理,2010,35(8):88-90.WANG Yong-wei,GUO Qiang,KANG Ai-jun,et al.Microstructure and hardness of 718 prehardened plastic mould steel large block[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2010,35(8):88-90.
[5] 宋冬利,焦四海.大型塑料模具钢模块淬火工艺的有限元分析[J].计算机辅助工程,2006(S1):437-440.SONG Dong-li,JIAO Si-hai.Finite element analysis for quenching process of the large-sized block made of plastic die steel[J].Computer Aided Engineering,2006(S1):437-440.
[6] 沈敏,覃永国,罗永恒,等.柳钢预硬型塑料模具钢LG2738的研制和开发[J].宽厚板,2015,21(3):15-17.SHEN Min,QIN Yong-guo,LUO Yong-heng,et al.Development of pre-hardened plastic die steel LG2738 in Liugang[J].Wide and Heavy Plate,2015,21(3):15-17.
[7] Yakubtsov I A,Poruks P,Boyd J D.Microstructure and mechanical properties of bainitic low carbon high strength plate steels[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2008,480(1):109-116.
[8] Quidort D,Y Bréchet.The role of carbon on the kinetics of bainite transformation in steels[J].Scripta Materialia,2002,47(3):151-156.
[9] Xu F Y,Bai B Z,Fang H S.Microstructure and properties of low-carbon water-cooled baintic steels[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2010,31(9):83-88.
[10] 刘宗昌,任慧平,宋义全,等.金属固态相变教程[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2014.
[11] 曹艺,王昭东,吴迪,等.Mo和Ni对低合金耐磨钢连续冷却转变的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2011,32(5):74-78.CAO Yi,WANG Zhao-dong,WU Di,et al.Effect of Mo and Ni on continuous cooling transformation of low alloy wear-resistant steel[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2011,32(5):74-78.
[12] 陈雨来,董长征,蔡庆伍,等.Mo和Ni对高强无碳化物贝氏体钢组织转变与力学性能的影响[J].材料工程,2013(9):16-21.CHEN Yu-lai,DONG Chang-zheng,CAI Qing-wu,et al.Effect of Mo and Ni on microstructure and mechanical properties of carbide-free bainite ultra-high strength steels[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2013(9):16-21.
[13] 黄煜博,张琪,文艺贝,等.Ni元素对高碳纳米结构贝氏体钢组织和性能的影响[J].钢铁研究学报,2018,30(9):735-740.HUANG Yu-bo,ZHANG Qi,WEN Yi-bei,et al.Effects of Ni on microstructures and properties of high carbon nano-structured bainite steels[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2018,30(9):735-740.
[14] 杨鸿铭.冷速对低碳钢先共析铁素体生长行为的影响[D].锦州:辽宁工业大学,2014.YANG Hong-ming.The influences of cooling speed on growth behaviors of proeutectoid ferrite in low carbon steels[D].Jinzhou:Liaoning University of Technology,2014.
[15] 刘宗昌,计云萍,任慧平.钢中贝氏体组织形态和亚结构(一)[J].热处理技术与装备,2016,37(3):1-7.LIU Zong-chang,JI Yun-ping,REN Hui-ping.Morphology and substructure of bainite in steel(1)[J].Jinzhou:Heat Treatment Technology and Equipment,2016,37(3):1-7.
[16] 刘宗昌,计云萍.淬火钢高硬度的最新解释[J].热处理技术与装备,2017,38(5):1-6LIU Zong-chang,JI Yun-ping.The latest interpreation of high hardness in quenched steel[J].Heat Treatment Technology and Equipment,2017,38(5):1-6
[17] 马强.低碳微合金钢的相变动力学及针状铁素体组织研究[J].河北冶金,2006(5):12-16.MA Qiang.Phase transfromation dynamics of low-carbon microally steel and study about structure of needle-like ferrite[J].Hebei Metallurgy,2006(5):12-16.
[18] Qiao Z X,Liu Y C,Yu L M,et al.Formation mechanism of granular bainite in a 30CrNi3MoV steel[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2009,475(1/2):560-564.
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