塔里木盆地顺北及邻区主干走滑断裂带差异活动特征及其与油气富集的关系
|
摘要
选取位于塔里木盆地顺北及其邻区的托普39断裂体系,顺北1与顺北5断裂带为研究对象,通过对断裂活动特征和期次进行精细解剖,运用断裂力学对演化机制进行力学分析,并结合大量单井生产动态资料深入探讨了走滑断裂对油气富集的控制作用。研究结果表明,托普39断裂体系与顺北1、顺北5断裂带在几何学特征、运动学特征以及构造演化方面存在根本差异。NNE向托普39断裂带早期在共轭走滑状态下左行活动,晚期受最大主应力方向变化的控制,反转为右行走滑,而同体系中的NNW向次级断裂晚期几乎未活动。顺北5断裂(NNW-NS向)带先于NE向顺北1断裂形成,其构造演化经历了不同的应力环境和最大主应力方向的变化。托普39断裂带主活动期为喜马拉雅期,与油气成藏期匹配,控制了油气的富集,且叠接拉分段是更有利的富集部位。此外,基于对顺北1断裂带上多口井生产动态资料分析表明,油气在相对活动强的雁列正断层所对应的下伏走滑平移段和叠接拉分段富集程度更高。
The faulting characters and evolution history of the Tuopu 39 fault system,and the Shunbei 1,Shunbei 5 fault zones,distributed in Shunbei area and its surroundings,Tarim Basin,were investigated in detail. Based on the analysis of fault evolution on mechanics and large amount of single-well production performance,we fully discussed the control of strike-slip faults on hydrocarbon enrichment. The integrated analyses reveal fundamental differences between the Tuopu39 fault system and the Shunbei 1,Shunbei 5 fault zones in terms of geometries,kinematics,and structural evolution. The NNE-trending Tuopu 39 fault system experienced sinistral movement in conjugate strike-slipping state at the early stage,but turned to dextral strike-slipping at the late stage due to the change of the orientation of maximum principal stress. In comparison,the NNW-trending secondary faults inside the system were almost inactive. Shunbei 5 fault zone( NNW-NStrending) formed ahead of the NE-trending Shunbei 1 fault zone and experienced different stress regimes and changes of the maximum principal stress orientation. The faulting movements of Tuopu 39 fault system in the late stage occur in Himalayan period,the same as hydrocarbon accumulation,thus control the hydrocarbon enrichment,particularly in the pullapart areas along the fault zone. The analysis on multiple production wells on Shunbei 1 fault zone suggests that the underlying strike-slip fault segments and the juxtaposed pull-apart intervals corresponding to the en echelon normal faults of relative bigger intensity are more enriched in hydrocarbons.
The faulting characters and evolution history of the Tuopu 39 fault system,and the Shunbei 1,Shunbei 5 fault zones,distributed in Shunbei area and its surroundings,Tarim Basin,were investigated in detail. Based on the analysis of fault evolution on mechanics and large amount of single-well production performance,we fully discussed the control of strike-slip faults on hydrocarbon enrichment. The integrated analyses reveal fundamental differences between the Tuopu39 fault system and the Shunbei 1,Shunbei 5 fault zones in terms of geometries,kinematics,and structural evolution. The NNE-trending Tuopu 39 fault system experienced sinistral movement in conjugate strike-slipping state at the early stage,but turned to dextral strike-slipping at the late stage due to the change of the orientation of maximum principal stress. In comparison,the NNW-trending secondary faults inside the system were almost inactive. Shunbei 5 fault zone( NNW-NStrending) formed ahead of the NE-trending Shunbei 1 fault zone and experienced different stress regimes and changes of the maximum principal stress orientation. The faulting movements of Tuopu 39 fault system in the late stage occur in Himalayan period,the same as hydrocarbon accumulation,thus control the hydrocarbon enrichment,particularly in the pullapart areas along the fault zone. The analysis on multiple production wells on Shunbei 1 fault zone suggests that the underlying strike-slip fault segments and the juxtaposed pull-apart intervals corresponding to the en echelon normal faults of relative bigger intensity are more enriched in hydrocarbons.
引文
[1]焦方正.塔里木盆地顺北特深碳酸盐岩断溶体油气藏发现意义与前景[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(2):207-216.Jiao Fangzheng.Significance and prospect of ultra-deep carbonate fault-karst reservoirs in Shunbei area,Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2018,39(2):207-216
[2]邬光辉,杨海军,屈泰来,等.塔里木盆地塔中隆起断裂系统特征及其对海相碳酸盐岩油气的控制作用[J].岩石学报,2012,28(3):87-99.Wu Guanghui,Yang Haijun,Qu Tailai,et al.The fault system characteristics and its controlling roles on marine carbonate hydrocarbon in the Central uplift,Tarim basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2012,28(3):793-805.
[3]马德波,何登发,陶小晚,等.塔北哈拉哈塘地区剪切断裂系统构造特征及其对油气分布的控制[J].地质科学,2016,51(2):470-483.Ma Debo,He Dengfa,Tao Xiaowan,et al.Structural features of shear fault system and its control on hydrocarbon distribution in Halahatang area,North Tarim Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2016,51(2):470-483.
[4]李萌,汤良杰,李宗杰,等.走滑断裂特征对油气勘探方向的选择——以塔中北坡顺1井区为例[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(11):113-121.Li Meng,Tang Liangjie,Li Zongjie,et al.Fault characteristics and their petroleum geology significance:A case study of well Shun-1 on the northern slope of the central Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2016,38(1):113-121.
[5]Han X,Deng S,Tang L,et al.Geometry,kinematics and displacement characteristics of strike-slip faults in the northern slope of Tazhong uplift in Tarim Basin:A study based on 3D seismic data[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2017,88:410-427.
[6]吕海涛,张哨楠,马庆佑.塔里木盆地中北部断裂体系划分及形成机制探讨[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(4):444-452.Lu Haitao,Zhang Shaonan,Ma Qingyou.Classification and formation mechanism of fault systems in the central and northern Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2017,39(4):444-452.
[7]客伟利,张光亚,潘文庆,等.塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系一间房组岩溶储集层地震识别与控制因素[J].古地理学报,2014,16(1):125-132.Ke Weili,Zhang Guangya,Pan Wenqing,et al.Seismic identification and controlling factors on karsted carbonate reservoir for Yijianfang Formation of Ordovician in Hanikatam area of Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2014,16(1):125-133.
[8]刘军,任丽丹,李宗杰,等.塔里木盆地顺南地区深层碳酸盐岩断裂和裂缝地震识别与评价[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(4):703-710.Liu Jun,Ren Lidan,Li Zongjie,et al.Seismic identification and evaluation of deep carbonate faults and fractures in Shunnan area,Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(4):703-710.
[9]何登发,周新源,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地克拉通内古隆起的成因机制与构造类型[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):207-221.He Dengfa,Zhou Xinyuan,Yang Haijun,et al.Formation mechanism and tectonic types of intracratonic paleo-uplifts in the Tarim Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(2):207-221.
[10]安海亭,李海银,王建忠,等.塔北地区构造和演化特征及其对油气成藏的控制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009.33(1):142-147.An Haiting,Li Haiyin,Wang Jianzhong,et al.Tectonic evolution and its controlling on oil and gas accumulation in the northern Tarim Basin[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia.2009,33(1):142-147.
[11]黄太柱.塔里木盆地塔中北坡构造解析与油气勘探方向[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(3):257-267.Huang Taizhu.Structural interpretation and petroleum exploration targets in northern slope of middle Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2014,36(3):257-267.
[12]李萌,汤良杰,漆立新,等.塔北隆起南坡差异构造演化及其对油气成藏的控制[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(2):218-227.Li Meng,Tang Liangjie,Qi Lixin,et al.Differential tectonic evolution and its controlling on hydrocarbon accumulation in the south slope of Tabei Uplift[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(2):218-227.
[13]田鹏,马庆佑,吕海涛.塔里木盆地北部跃参区块走滑断裂对油气成藏的控制[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(2):156-161.Tian Peng,Ma Qingyou,Lv Haitao.Strike-slip faults and their controls on hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Yuecan block of the Northern Tarim Uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2016,38(2):156-161.
[14]孟祥霞,王宏斌,姚清洲,等.塔北隆起构造演化特征及对奥陶系碳酸盐岩的控储控藏作用[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(S1):109-120.Meng Xiangxia,Wang Hongbin,Yao Qingzhou,et al.Tectonic evolution characteristics of Tabei Uplift and its controlling effect on the reservoir and hydrocarbon accumulation of Ordovician carbonate[J].Natrual Gas Geoscience,2015,26:109-120.
[15]杨圣彬,刘军,李慧莉,等.塔中北围斜区北东向走滑断裂特征及其控油作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(6):797-802.Yang Shengbin,Liu Jun,Li Huili,et al.Characteristics of the NEtrending strike-slip fault system and its control on oil accumulation in north peri-cline area of the Tazhong paleouplift[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(6):797-802.
[16]Fossen H.Structural Geology[M]New York:Cambridge University Press,2010:1-4.
[17]Harding T P.Seismic characteristics and identification of negative flower structures,positive flower structures,and positive structureinversion[J].AAPG Bulletin,1985,69(4):582-600.
[18]Sylvester A G.Strike-slipfaults[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1988,100(100):1666-1703.
[19]吴斌,何登发,孙方源.塔里木盆地古城低凸起下古生界的断裂特征及成因机制[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(5):871-879.Wu Bin,He Dengfa,Sun Fangyuan.Fault characteristic and genetic mechanism of the Lower Paleozoic in Gucheng Lower Uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,26(5):871-879.
[20]Ramsay J G.Shear zone geometry:Areview[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1980,2(1):83-99.
[21]Olson J E,Pollard D D.The initiation and growth of enéchelon veins[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1991,13(5):595-608.
[22]Aydin A,Nur A.The types and role of stepovers in strike-slip tectonics[J].Special Publications,1985:35-44.
[23]Anderson B E M.The dynamics offaulting[M].Eainbwrgh,Vnited Kingdom:Oliverand Boyd,1951:1-206.
[24]Carmichael R.Handbook of physical properties ofrocks[M].Folorida,Unted states:CRC Press,1983.
[25]Zoback M D.Reservoir geomechanics[M].Cambridge,United Kingdon:Cambridge University Press,2010:1-499.
[26]Aydin A,Page B M.Diverse Pliocene-Quaternary tectonics in a transform environment,San Francisco Bay region,California[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1984,95(11):1303-1317.
[27]Sobel E R,Dumitru T A.Thrusting and exhumation around the margins of the western Tarim basin during the India-Asia collision[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1997,102(102):5043-5063.
[28]Gan W,Zhang P,Shen Z K,et al.Present-day crustal motion within the Tibetan Plateau inferred from GPS measurements[J].Jumal of Geophys Research,2007,112,B08416.Doi:10.1029/2005 SB004-120.
[29]Yin S,Ding W,Zhou W,et al.In situ stress field evaluation of deep marine tight sandstone oil reservoir:A case study of Silurian strata in northern Tazhong area,Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2017,80:49-69.
[30]孙东,杨丽莎,王宏斌,等.塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区走滑断裂体系对奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩储层的控制作用[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(s1):80-87.Sun Dong,Yang Lisha,Wang Hongbin,et al.Strike-slip fault system in Halahatang area of Tarim Basin andits control on reservoirs of Ordovician marine carbonate rock[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(S1):80-87.
[31]Naylor M A,Mandl G,Supesteijn C H K.Fault geometries in basement-induced wrench faulting under different initial stress states[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1986,8(7):737-752.
[32]任健,官大勇,陈兴鹏,等.走滑断裂叠置拉张区构造变形的物理模拟及启示[J].大地构造与成矿学,2017,41(03):455-465.Ren Jian,Guan Dayong,Chen Xingpeng,et al.Analogue modeling of structural deformation in releasing stepovers of strike-slip faults and its significance[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2017,41(03):455-465.
[33]Shang Deng,Li Huili,Zhang Zhongpei,et al.Structural characterization of intracratonic strike-slip faults in the central Tarim Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2018(in press).
[2]邬光辉,杨海军,屈泰来,等.塔里木盆地塔中隆起断裂系统特征及其对海相碳酸盐岩油气的控制作用[J].岩石学报,2012,28(3):87-99.Wu Guanghui,Yang Haijun,Qu Tailai,et al.The fault system characteristics and its controlling roles on marine carbonate hydrocarbon in the Central uplift,Tarim basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2012,28(3):793-805.
[3]马德波,何登发,陶小晚,等.塔北哈拉哈塘地区剪切断裂系统构造特征及其对油气分布的控制[J].地质科学,2016,51(2):470-483.Ma Debo,He Dengfa,Tao Xiaowan,et al.Structural features of shear fault system and its control on hydrocarbon distribution in Halahatang area,North Tarim Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2016,51(2):470-483.
[4]李萌,汤良杰,李宗杰,等.走滑断裂特征对油气勘探方向的选择——以塔中北坡顺1井区为例[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(11):113-121.Li Meng,Tang Liangjie,Li Zongjie,et al.Fault characteristics and their petroleum geology significance:A case study of well Shun-1 on the northern slope of the central Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2016,38(1):113-121.
[5]Han X,Deng S,Tang L,et al.Geometry,kinematics and displacement characteristics of strike-slip faults in the northern slope of Tazhong uplift in Tarim Basin:A study based on 3D seismic data[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2017,88:410-427.
[6]吕海涛,张哨楠,马庆佑.塔里木盆地中北部断裂体系划分及形成机制探讨[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(4):444-452.Lu Haitao,Zhang Shaonan,Ma Qingyou.Classification and formation mechanism of fault systems in the central and northern Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2017,39(4):444-452.
[7]客伟利,张光亚,潘文庆,等.塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系一间房组岩溶储集层地震识别与控制因素[J].古地理学报,2014,16(1):125-132.Ke Weili,Zhang Guangya,Pan Wenqing,et al.Seismic identification and controlling factors on karsted carbonate reservoir for Yijianfang Formation of Ordovician in Hanikatam area of Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2014,16(1):125-133.
[8]刘军,任丽丹,李宗杰,等.塔里木盆地顺南地区深层碳酸盐岩断裂和裂缝地震识别与评价[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(4):703-710.Liu Jun,Ren Lidan,Li Zongjie,et al.Seismic identification and evaluation of deep carbonate faults and fractures in Shunnan area,Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(4):703-710.
[9]何登发,周新源,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地克拉通内古隆起的成因机制与构造类型[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):207-221.He Dengfa,Zhou Xinyuan,Yang Haijun,et al.Formation mechanism and tectonic types of intracratonic paleo-uplifts in the Tarim Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(2):207-221.
[10]安海亭,李海银,王建忠,等.塔北地区构造和演化特征及其对油气成藏的控制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009.33(1):142-147.An Haiting,Li Haiyin,Wang Jianzhong,et al.Tectonic evolution and its controlling on oil and gas accumulation in the northern Tarim Basin[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia.2009,33(1):142-147.
[11]黄太柱.塔里木盆地塔中北坡构造解析与油气勘探方向[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(3):257-267.Huang Taizhu.Structural interpretation and petroleum exploration targets in northern slope of middle Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2014,36(3):257-267.
[12]李萌,汤良杰,漆立新,等.塔北隆起南坡差异构造演化及其对油气成藏的控制[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(2):218-227.Li Meng,Tang Liangjie,Qi Lixin,et al.Differential tectonic evolution and its controlling on hydrocarbon accumulation in the south slope of Tabei Uplift[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(2):218-227.
[13]田鹏,马庆佑,吕海涛.塔里木盆地北部跃参区块走滑断裂对油气成藏的控制[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(2):156-161.Tian Peng,Ma Qingyou,Lv Haitao.Strike-slip faults and their controls on hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Yuecan block of the Northern Tarim Uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2016,38(2):156-161.
[14]孟祥霞,王宏斌,姚清洲,等.塔北隆起构造演化特征及对奥陶系碳酸盐岩的控储控藏作用[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(S1):109-120.Meng Xiangxia,Wang Hongbin,Yao Qingzhou,et al.Tectonic evolution characteristics of Tabei Uplift and its controlling effect on the reservoir and hydrocarbon accumulation of Ordovician carbonate[J].Natrual Gas Geoscience,2015,26:109-120.
[15]杨圣彬,刘军,李慧莉,等.塔中北围斜区北东向走滑断裂特征及其控油作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(6):797-802.Yang Shengbin,Liu Jun,Li Huili,et al.Characteristics of the NEtrending strike-slip fault system and its control on oil accumulation in north peri-cline area of the Tazhong paleouplift[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(6):797-802.
[16]Fossen H.Structural Geology[M]New York:Cambridge University Press,2010:1-4.
[17]Harding T P.Seismic characteristics and identification of negative flower structures,positive flower structures,and positive structureinversion[J].AAPG Bulletin,1985,69(4):582-600.
[18]Sylvester A G.Strike-slipfaults[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1988,100(100):1666-1703.
[19]吴斌,何登发,孙方源.塔里木盆地古城低凸起下古生界的断裂特征及成因机制[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(5):871-879.Wu Bin,He Dengfa,Sun Fangyuan.Fault characteristic and genetic mechanism of the Lower Paleozoic in Gucheng Lower Uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,26(5):871-879.
[20]Ramsay J G.Shear zone geometry:Areview[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1980,2(1):83-99.
[21]Olson J E,Pollard D D.The initiation and growth of enéchelon veins[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1991,13(5):595-608.
[22]Aydin A,Nur A.The types and role of stepovers in strike-slip tectonics[J].Special Publications,1985:35-44.
[23]Anderson B E M.The dynamics offaulting[M].Eainbwrgh,Vnited Kingdom:Oliverand Boyd,1951:1-206.
[24]Carmichael R.Handbook of physical properties ofrocks[M].Folorida,Unted states:CRC Press,1983.
[25]Zoback M D.Reservoir geomechanics[M].Cambridge,United Kingdon:Cambridge University Press,2010:1-499.
[26]Aydin A,Page B M.Diverse Pliocene-Quaternary tectonics in a transform environment,San Francisco Bay region,California[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1984,95(11):1303-1317.
[27]Sobel E R,Dumitru T A.Thrusting and exhumation around the margins of the western Tarim basin during the India-Asia collision[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1997,102(102):5043-5063.
[28]Gan W,Zhang P,Shen Z K,et al.Present-day crustal motion within the Tibetan Plateau inferred from GPS measurements[J].Jumal of Geophys Research,2007,112,B08416.Doi:10.1029/2005 SB004-120.
[29]Yin S,Ding W,Zhou W,et al.In situ stress field evaluation of deep marine tight sandstone oil reservoir:A case study of Silurian strata in northern Tazhong area,Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2017,80:49-69.
[30]孙东,杨丽莎,王宏斌,等.塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区走滑断裂体系对奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩储层的控制作用[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(s1):80-87.Sun Dong,Yang Lisha,Wang Hongbin,et al.Strike-slip fault system in Halahatang area of Tarim Basin andits control on reservoirs of Ordovician marine carbonate rock[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(S1):80-87.
[31]Naylor M A,Mandl G,Supesteijn C H K.Fault geometries in basement-induced wrench faulting under different initial stress states[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1986,8(7):737-752.
[32]任健,官大勇,陈兴鹏,等.走滑断裂叠置拉张区构造变形的物理模拟及启示[J].大地构造与成矿学,2017,41(03):455-465.Ren Jian,Guan Dayong,Chen Xingpeng,et al.Analogue modeling of structural deformation in releasing stepovers of strike-slip faults and its significance[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2017,41(03):455-465.
[33]Shang Deng,Li Huili,Zhang Zhongpei,et al.Structural characterization of intracratonic strike-slip faults in the central Tarim Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2018(in press).