频繁生产爆破加载下饱水岩体累积损伤效应声波测试研究
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摘要
随着矿山生产爆破的持续进行,爆破对工程岩体造成的损伤存在一个不断累积的过程,当累积超过其承受极限时,将造成边坡滑坡等失稳破坏。采用现场声波测试方法,以声波波速变化表征岩体损伤度,结合LS-DYNA动力有限元数值建模,对矿山频繁爆破加载下饱水岩体累积损伤特性进行试验研究。结果表明:频繁爆破加载作用下,节理裂隙较发育的工程岩体受到的损伤存在不断积累的过程。由于岩体的饱水状态,前期的爆破次序中岩体出现损伤的现象极少。随着爆破的持续,岩体出现损伤破坏的现象逐渐增多,且大多为损伤度的突变剧增;饱水岩体表征的损伤阈值应小于0.19,实际发生损伤的现象应比测试结果更多;工程岩体受到频繁爆破加载作用下的累积损伤主要表现为原生裂隙的持续扩张及相互贯通,且岩体裂隙在含水情况下更容易发生破坏贯通。
With the continuous progress of mine production blasting,there is a cumulative process of blasting damage to the engineering rock mass.When the accumulation exceeds its limit,it will cause slope and landslide and so on.Therefore,used the acoustic wave test method in scene and characterizing rock damage by the change of acoustic wave velocity,combined with modeling method of LS-DYNA finite element program to study the cumulative damage characteristics of horizontal engineering rock mass under frequent blast loading.The results show that the damages of engineering rock mass which with abundant joint fissure have a process of continuous accumulation when under frequent blast loading. There have been very few phenomena of rock mass damage happened in the early blasting order because of the saturated state of rock mass. The damage occurs increases gradually with blasting continued practice and it mostly form as the mutation increase of damage degree. The damage threshold of saturated rock should be less than 0.19 and the actual damage occurs should be more than the results of test. The cumulative damage of engineering rock mass under frequent blast loading,it is mainly express on the continuous expansion and coalescence of primary fissures,and the fracture of rock mass is more prone to break through in the case of water cut.
With the continuous progress of mine production blasting,there is a cumulative process of blasting damage to the engineering rock mass.When the accumulation exceeds its limit,it will cause slope and landslide and so on.Therefore,used the acoustic wave test method in scene and characterizing rock damage by the change of acoustic wave velocity,combined with modeling method of LS-DYNA finite element program to study the cumulative damage characteristics of horizontal engineering rock mass under frequent blast loading.The results show that the damages of engineering rock mass which with abundant joint fissure have a process of continuous accumulation when under frequent blast loading. There have been very few phenomena of rock mass damage happened in the early blasting order because of the saturated state of rock mass. The damage occurs increases gradually with blasting continued practice and it mostly form as the mutation increase of damage degree. The damage threshold of saturated rock should be less than 0.19 and the actual damage occurs should be more than the results of test. The cumulative damage of engineering rock mass under frequent blast loading,it is mainly express on the continuous expansion and coalescence of primary fissures,and the fracture of rock mass is more prone to break through in the case of water cut.
引文
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[26]邓涛,韩文峰,保翰璋.饱水大理岩的波速变化特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):762-765.Deng Tao,Han Wenfeng,Bao Hanzhang.On the charac‐teristics of wave velocity variations for marbles saturated in water[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and En‐gineering,2000,19(6):762-765.
[27]陈旭,俞缙,李宏,等.不同岩性及含水率的岩石声波传播规律试验研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(9):2527-2533.Chen Xu,Yu Jin,Li Hong,et al.Experimental study of propagation characteristics of acoustic wave in rocks with different lithologies and water contents[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(9):2527-2533.
[28]邓华锋,原先凡,李建林,等.饱水度对砂岩纵波波速及强度影响的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(8):1625-1631.Deng Huafeng,Yuan Xianfan,Li Jianlin,et al.Experi‐mental research on influence of saturation degree on sand‐stone longitudinal wave velocity and strength[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(8):1625-1631.
[29]朱传云,喻胜春.爆破引起岩体损伤的判别方法研究[J].工程爆破,2001,7(1):12-16.Zhu Chuanyun,Yu Shengchun.Study on the criterion of rock mass damage caused by blasting[J].Engineering Blasting,2001,7(1):12-16.
[30]夏祥,李海波,李俊如.岩体爆生裂纹的数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2006,27(11):1987-1991.Xia Xiang,Li Haibo,Li Junru.Numerical simulation of blast-induced cracks in rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechan‐ics,2006,27(11):1987-1991.
[31]Livermore Software Technology Corporation.LS-DYNAkeyword user’s manual[M].California:Livermore Soft‐ware Technology Corporation,2003.
[2]刘维忠.酒钢集团西沟矿东山头硐室爆破[J].工程爆破,2011,17(4):45-48,62.Liu Weizhong.Chamber blasting of the east mountain Xi‐gou mine of Jiuquan Iron and Steel Group[J].Engineering Blasting,2011,10(4):45-48,62.
[3]张雪亮,黄树棠.爆破地震效应[M].北京:地震出版社,1981.Zhang Xueliang,Huang Shutang.Blasting Seismic Effect[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1981.
[4]舒大强,何蕴龙,董振华.岩质高边坡开挖爆破震动荷载及其对边坡稳定性影响的研究[J].工程爆破,1996,2(4):39-43.Shu Daqiang,He Yunlong,Dong Zhenhua.Research on vibration load from excavation blasting and its influence on stability of rock high-slope[J].Engineering Blasting,1996,2(4):39-43.
[5]裴来政.爆破震动对金堆城露天矿高边坡稳定性影响研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2005.Pei Laizheng.The Research of Influence on Blasting Vi‐bration to the Stability of High Slope in Jin Dui Cheng Open-pit Mine[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Science and Technology,2005.
[6]简文彬,洪儒宝,樊秀峰,等.循环荷载下节理岩体边坡动力响应的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(12):2409-2416.Jian Wenbin,Hong Rubao,Fan Xiufeng,et al.Experi‐mental study of dynamic response of jointed rock slopes under cyclic loads[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechan‐ics and Engineering,2016,35(12):2409-2416.
[7]Hao H,Wu C Q,Zhou YX.Numerical analysis of blast-in‐duced stress waves in a rock mass with anisotropic contin‐uum damage models.Part I:Equivalent material property approach[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2002,35(2):79-94.
[8]李海波,蒋会军,赵坚,等.动荷载作用下岩体工程安全的几个问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1887-1891.Li Haibo,Jiang Huijun,Zhao Jian,et al.Some problems about safety analysis of rock engineering under dynamic load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi‐neering,2003,22(11):1887-1891.
[9]杨军,高文学,金乾坤.岩石动态损伤特性实验及爆破模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(3):320-323.Yang Jun,Gao Wenxue,Jin Qiankun.Experiment on dy‐namic damage property of rock and new damage model for rock fragmentation by blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(3):320-323.
[10]Cai M,Kaiser PK,Tasaka Y,et al.Generalized crack initi‐ation and crack damage stress thresholds of brittle rock masses near underground excavations[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(5):833-847.
[11]Sayers C M,Kachanov M.Microcrack-induced elastic wave anisotropy of brittle rocks[J].Journal of Geophysi‐cal Research,1995,100(B3):4149-4156.
[12]Bartmann K,Alber M.Experimental determination of crack initiation and crack damage of two granites[J].Pro‐cedia Engineering,2017,191:119-126.
[13]邓映香.循环爆破加载下工程岩体损伤演化特性研究[D].赣州:江西理工大学,2013.Deng Yingxiang.Research on Damage Evolution Charac‐teristics of Engineering Rock Mass Under Cyclic Loading[D].Ganzhou:Jiangxi University of Science and Tech‐nology,2013.
[14]闫长斌,李国权,陈东亮,等.基于岩体爆破累积损伤效应的Hoek-Brown准则修正公式[J].岩土力学,2011,32(10):2951-2956,2964.Yan Changbin,Li Guoquan,Chen Dongliang,et al.Amended expressions of Hoek-Brown criterion based on blasting cumulative damage effects of rock mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(10):2951-2956,2964.
[15]杨军,高文学.岩石冲击损伤特性的声波测试研究[J].黑龙江矿业学院学报,2000,10(1):50-53.Yang Jun,Gao Wenxue.Experimental study on damage properties of rock under dynamic loading[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Mining Institute,2000,10(1):50-53.
[16]颜峰,姜福兴.爆炸冲击载荷作用下岩石的损伤试验[J].爆炸与冲击,2009,29(3):275-280.Yan Feng,Jiang Fuxing.Experiment on rock damage un‐der blasting load[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2009,29(3):275-280.
[17]闫长斌.爆破作用下岩体累积损伤效应及其稳定性研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2006.Yan Changbin.Study on Cumulative Damage Effects and Stability of Rock Mass Under Blasting Loading[D].Changsha:Central South University,2006.
[18]杨军,熊代余.岩石爆破机理[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2004.Yang Jun,Xiong Daiyu.Rock Blasting Mechanism[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2004.
[19]费鸿禄,苑俊华.基于爆破累积损伤的边坡稳定性变化研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(增2):3868-3877.Fei Honglu,Yuan Junhua.Study of slope stability based on blasting cumulative damage[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Supp.2):3868-3877.
[20]Fu J W,Zhang X Z,Zhu W S,et al.Simulating progres‐sive failure in brittle jointed rock masses using a modified elastic-brittle model and the application[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2017,178:212-230.
[21]褚夫蛟,刘敦文,陶明,等.基于SHPB的不同含水状态砂岩动态响应[J].工程科学学报,2017,39(12):1783-1790.Chu Fujiao,Liu Dunwen,Tao Ming,et al.Dynamic re‐sponse of sandstones with different water contents based on SHPB[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering,2017,39(12):1783-1790.
[22]褚夫蛟,刘敦文,陶明,等.基于核磁共振的不同含水状态砂岩动态损伤规律[J].工程科学学报,2018,40(2):144-151.Chu Fujiao,Liu Dunwen,Tao Ming,et al.Dynamic dam‐age laws of sandstone under different water bearing condi‐tions based on nuclear magnetic resonance[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering,2018,40(2):144-151.
[23]周剑,张路青,胡瑞林,等.大型结构面产状影响下应力波传播规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(4):769-780.Zhou Jian,Zhang Luqing,Hu Ruilin,et al.Study of rules of stress waves propagation under various attitudes of large-scale fractures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Me‐chanics and Engineering,2011,30(4):769-780.
[24]林玫玲,黄真萍,孙艳坤,等.裂隙岩体声波响应特征与岩体质量关系[J].地下空间与工程学报,2013,9(增1):1491-1497.Lin Meiling,Huang Zhenping,Sun Yankun,et al.Rela‐tionship between acoustic characteristics and quality of fissus rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2013,9(Supp.1):1491-1497.
[25]梁龙华.循环爆破加载对露天采场边坡岩体的累积损伤研究[D].赣州:江西理工大学,2015.Liang Longhua.Research on Open Pit Rock Cumulative Damage Effect by Cyclic Blasting Loading[D].Gan‐zhou:Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,2015.
[26]邓涛,韩文峰,保翰璋.饱水大理岩的波速变化特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):762-765.Deng Tao,Han Wenfeng,Bao Hanzhang.On the charac‐teristics of wave velocity variations for marbles saturated in water[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and En‐gineering,2000,19(6):762-765.
[27]陈旭,俞缙,李宏,等.不同岩性及含水率的岩石声波传播规律试验研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(9):2527-2533.Chen Xu,Yu Jin,Li Hong,et al.Experimental study of propagation characteristics of acoustic wave in rocks with different lithologies and water contents[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(9):2527-2533.
[28]邓华锋,原先凡,李建林,等.饱水度对砂岩纵波波速及强度影响的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(8):1625-1631.Deng Huafeng,Yuan Xianfan,Li Jianlin,et al.Experi‐mental research on influence of saturation degree on sand‐stone longitudinal wave velocity and strength[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(8):1625-1631.
[29]朱传云,喻胜春.爆破引起岩体损伤的判别方法研究[J].工程爆破,2001,7(1):12-16.Zhu Chuanyun,Yu Shengchun.Study on the criterion of rock mass damage caused by blasting[J].Engineering Blasting,2001,7(1):12-16.
[30]夏祥,李海波,李俊如.岩体爆生裂纹的数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2006,27(11):1987-1991.Xia Xiang,Li Haibo,Li Junru.Numerical simulation of blast-induced cracks in rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechan‐ics,2006,27(11):1987-1991.
[31]Livermore Software Technology Corporation.LS-DYNAkeyword user’s manual[M].California:Livermore Soft‐ware Technology Corporation,2003.
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