机械合金化结合热压制备高硅铝合金的组织及性能
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摘要
采用机械合金化结合热压的工艺制备Al-30Si、Al-40Si、Al-50Si三种成分的高硅铝合金,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、密度及布式硬度测定仪等对机械合金化粉末的形貌及其演化,以及热压块体的组织与性能进行研究。结果表明:机械合金化8h的粉末细化效果较好,氧含量较低;合金的致密度随Si含量的增加逐渐降低;合金组织呈现Al相富集区和Si相富集区,Si颗粒粒径小于5μm,没有出现明显长大现象;Al2O3、SiO2等氧化物颗粒分布在铝硅界面和基体中;合金的布氏硬度随Si含量的增加先升高后降低;Al-40Si的硬度高达144 HB,比压力熔渗法制得的Al-40Si高50%。因此,机械合金化结合热压致密化的制备工艺可显著提高高硅铝合金的力学性能。
Three kinds of high-silicon aluminum alloys(Al-30Si,Al-40Si and Al-50Si) were fabricated by mechanical alloying and hot pressing.The morphology and morphological evolution of the as-milled high-silicon aluminum powders,the microstructures and properties of the compacts were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),density and brinell hardness measurements.The reseach results show that the powders have a better control of powder properties and a lower content of extra oxygen after milled for 8h.The relative densities of the three alloys decrease with increasing the Si content.The alloys contain both Al-rich regions and Si-rich regions,the Si particals do not grow up obviously with a diameter of less than 5 μm.The oxides,such as Al2 O3 and SiO2,distribute in boundaries and matrix with a dispersion strengthening effect.The brinell hardness of the alloys increase at first and then decrease with increasing the Si content.The hardness of the Al-40Si reaches a value of 144HB which is 50% higher than that of the same alloy fabricated by pressure infiltration technology.And these results indicate that such a fabrication process can improve the mechanical properties of the high-silicon aluminum alloy significantly.
Three kinds of high-silicon aluminum alloys(Al-30Si,Al-40Si and Al-50Si) were fabricated by mechanical alloying and hot pressing.The morphology and morphological evolution of the as-milled high-silicon aluminum powders,the microstructures and properties of the compacts were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),density and brinell hardness measurements.The reseach results show that the powders have a better control of powder properties and a lower content of extra oxygen after milled for 8h.The relative densities of the three alloys decrease with increasing the Si content.The alloys contain both Al-rich regions and Si-rich regions,the Si particals do not grow up obviously with a diameter of less than 5 μm.The oxides,such as Al2 O3 and SiO2,distribute in boundaries and matrix with a dispersion strengthening effect.The brinell hardness of the alloys increase at first and then decrease with increasing the Si content.The hardness of the Al-40Si reaches a value of 144HB which is 50% higher than that of the same alloy fabricated by pressure infiltration technology.And these results indicate that such a fabrication process can improve the mechanical properties of the high-silicon aluminum alloy significantly.
引文
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[15]田冲,陈桂云,杨林,等.喷射沉积硅铝电子封装材料的组织与性能[J].功能材料与器件学报,2006,12(1):54-57.TIAN Chong,CHEN Gui-yun,YANG Lin,et al.Microstructures and properties of Si-Al alloy for electronic packaging prepared by spray deposition technique[J].Journal of Functional Materials and Devices,2006,12(1):54-57.
[16]GAN Gui-sheng,ZHANG Lei,BEI Shu-yu,et al.Effect of TiB2addition on microstructure of spray-formed Si-30Al composite[J].Trans.Nonferrous Met.Soc.China,2011,21:2242-2247.
[17]杨伏良,易丹青,张伟.粉末氧化对高硅铝合金热挤压复合材料组织及力学性能的影响[J].机械工程材料,2008,32(3):57-60.YANG Fu-liang,YI Dan-qing,ZHANG Wei.Effect of powders oxidizing on microstructure and mechanical properties of high-silicon aluminum alloy hot-extrusion composites[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2008,32(3):57-60.
[18]杨伏良,甘卫平,陈招科.硅含量对高硅铝合金材料组织及性能的影响[J].材料导报,2005,19(2):98-105.YANG Fu-liang,GAN Wei-ping,CHEN Zhao-ke.Effect of Si content on microstructure and property of high silicon aluminum alloy[J].Materials Review,2005,19(2):98-105.
[2]MATSUURA K,KUUDOH M,KINOSHITA H,et al.Precipitation of SiP articles in a super-rapidly solidified Al-Si hypereutectic alloy[J].Materials chemistry and physics,2003,81:393-395.
[3]AMMAR H R,SAMUEL A M,SAMUEL F H.Porosity and the fatigue behavior of hypoeutectic and hypereutectic aluminum-silicon casting alloys[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2008,30:1024-1035.
[4]杨伏良,张伟,易丹青,等.快速凝固喷射沉积制备Al-40Si组织分析[J].粉末冶金技术,2006,24(3):166-169.YANG Fu-liang,ZHANG Wei,YI Dan-qing,et al.Microstructure analysis of rapidly solidified Al-40Si alloy fabricated by spray deposition[J].Powder Metallurgy Technology,24(3):166-169.
[5]杨伏良,甘卫平,陈招科.高硅铝合金几种常见制备方法及其细化机理[J].材料导报,2005,19(5):42-49.YANG Fu-liang,GAN Wei-ping,CHEN Zhao-ke.A few preparation methods and their delication mechanism for high-silicon aluminum alloy[J].Materials Review,2005,19(5):42-49.
[6]JEONG H G,YOON D J,KIM E Z,et al.The influence by hydrostatic extrusion on the microstructure and extrudability of the IM processed hypereutectic Al-Si-X alloys[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2002,130/131:438-443.
[7]ZHANG Heng-hua,DUAN Hai-li,SHAO Guang-jie,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-Si alloy modified with Cu-P[J].Rare Metals,2008,27(1):59-63.
[8]林锋,冯曦,李世晨,等.新型硅基铝金属高性能电子封装复合材料研究[J].材料导报,2006,20(3):107-110.LIN Feng,FENG Xi,LI Shi-chen,et al.Research on high performance novel electronic packaging materials of silicon-based aluminum[J].Materials Review,2006,20(3):107-110.
[9]郑晶,马光,吴澎,等.Al/Si复合材料的制备及热力学特性的研究[J].稀有金属,2006,30:5-8.ZHENG Jing,MA Guang,WU Peng,et al.Investigation on Preparation and Properties of Al/Si Composites[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2006,30:5-8.
[10]CHEN C W,LEE S L,LIN J C,et al.Effects of Sip size and volume fraction on properties of Al/Sip composites[J].Material Letters,2002,52(4/5):334-341.
[11]杨伏良,甘卫平,陈招科,等.快速凝固/粉末冶金制备高硅铝合金材料的组织与力学性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2004,14(10):1717-1722.YANG Fu-liang,GAN Wei-ping,CHEN Zhao-ke,et al.Microstructures and mechanical properties of high-silicon aluminum alloy fabricated by rapid solidification/powder metallurgy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2004,14(10):1717-1722.
[12]张大童,李元元,罗宗强,等.快速凝固高硅铝合金粉末的热挤压过程[J].中国有色金属学报,2001,11(1):6-9.ZHAN Da-tong,LI Yuan-yuan,LUO Zong-qiang,et al.Hot extrusion process of rapidly solidified hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy powder[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2001,11(1):6-9.
[13]WANG Feng,XIONG Bai-qing,ZHANG Yong-gan,et al.Microstructure thermo-physical and mechanical properties of spray-deposited Si-30Al alloy for electronic packaging application[J].Materials Characterization,2008,59:1455-1457.
[14]廖文俊,祁红璋,严彪.喷射成形高硅铝合金及其在导电材料方面的应用[J].金属功能材料,2010,17(5):75-80.LIAO Wen-jun,QI Hong-zhang,YAN Biao.Spray formed aluminium-silicon alloys and their application in conducting materials[J].Metallic Functional Materials,2010,17(5):75-80.
[15]田冲,陈桂云,杨林,等.喷射沉积硅铝电子封装材料的组织与性能[J].功能材料与器件学报,2006,12(1):54-57.TIAN Chong,CHEN Gui-yun,YANG Lin,et al.Microstructures and properties of Si-Al alloy for electronic packaging prepared by spray deposition technique[J].Journal of Functional Materials and Devices,2006,12(1):54-57.
[16]GAN Gui-sheng,ZHANG Lei,BEI Shu-yu,et al.Effect of TiB2addition on microstructure of spray-formed Si-30Al composite[J].Trans.Nonferrous Met.Soc.China,2011,21:2242-2247.
[17]杨伏良,易丹青,张伟.粉末氧化对高硅铝合金热挤压复合材料组织及力学性能的影响[J].机械工程材料,2008,32(3):57-60.YANG Fu-liang,YI Dan-qing,ZHANG Wei.Effect of powders oxidizing on microstructure and mechanical properties of high-silicon aluminum alloy hot-extrusion composites[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2008,32(3):57-60.
[18]杨伏良,甘卫平,陈招科.硅含量对高硅铝合金材料组织及性能的影响[J].材料导报,2005,19(2):98-105.YANG Fu-liang,GAN Wei-ping,CHEN Zhao-ke.Effect of Si content on microstructure and property of high silicon aluminum alloy[J].Materials Review,2005,19(2):98-105.