西藏那曲大地电磁数据反演与电性结构分析
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摘要
西藏地处青藏高原,地质构造复杂,新构造活动强烈。西藏境内蕴藏丰富的地热资源,已发现的地热资源储量居全国之首。青藏高原受南北向强烈挤压,构造活动频繁,随着地质应力的变化,产生了一系列构造带,西藏那曲观测区处于西藏北部的班公错—怒江深大断裂的次级构造带上,主要受控于一组近东西向的断裂和南北向断裂所构成的断裂带,据资料显示,观测区内新构造运动极为活跃,主要表现为深大断裂至今仍有继承性活动,为研究观测区深部电性结构,分析地热在观测区的空间分布特征及形成机理,共部署了3条大地电磁剖面。通过数据维性分析,揭示了观测区浅部主要呈现1D/2D构造,深部2D/3D构造明显,因此进行大地电磁数据2D和3D反演,同时获得观测区3km以浅2D和3D电性模型,十分必要,本文采用连续介质反演方法进行大地电磁法2D反演,采用REBOCC 3D反演代码进行3D反演,综合观测区水文地质调查结果,分析观测区2D和3D电性结构特征。研究结果表明,观测区2D地电结构横向电性梯度带为断层反映,纵向分层明显,高阻层间存在低阻层表明观测区深部地层构造复杂,观测区3D地电结构局部高阻体代表侵入岩活动范围,低阻区域反映了观测区地热的空间分布特征,观测区地热形成于次一级断裂,地热活动受断裂构造控制,由地表河流下渗形成。
Tibet is located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and characterized by complex geological structure and new intense tectonic activities.Tibet hosts abundant geothermal resources,ranking the first in national reserves of geothermal resources identified.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau undergoes frequent tectonic activities due to strong north-south extrusion.Change of geological stresses resulted in formation of a series of structural belts.The observation station in Naqu of Tibet is placed on the secondary tectonic belt of Bangongcuo-Nujiang deep faulting in the northern part of Tibet,which are controlled by both near-NWtrending faulting and NS-trending faulting.Existing data show that new tectonic movement in the observation area was active,manifesting that the deep huge faulting is still active.To study the deep electric structure of the observation area,three magnetotelluric profiles were investigated to analyze spatial distribution features and formation mechanism of geothermal resources.The shallow strata of observation area are mainly presented by 1D/2D structure and deep strata by 2D/3D structure.2D and 3D magnetotelluric data inversion were also performed,yielding 2D and 3D electric models of for 3-km-deep shallow strata.This study carried out 2D magnetotelluric inversion using continuous media inversion method and 3D magnetotelluric inversion using REBOCC 3D inversion code,and comprehensively interpreted 2Dand 3Delectric structures based on hydrogeological investigation results.Research results show that horizontal electrical gradient belt of 2Dgeoelectric structure in the observation area reflects a fault,with distinct feature of vertical layering;low resistance layers in the high resistance layers reflect a deep complex structure in the observation area;local high resistance bodies of 3D geoelectric structure represent active range of intrusive rocks and low resistance area reflects spatial distribution of geothermal resources in the observation area.Geothermal resources results from infiltration of surface rivers along secondary fractures,and therefore,geothermal activities are controlled by faulting structure.
Tibet is located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and characterized by complex geological structure and new intense tectonic activities.Tibet hosts abundant geothermal resources,ranking the first in national reserves of geothermal resources identified.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau undergoes frequent tectonic activities due to strong north-south extrusion.Change of geological stresses resulted in formation of a series of structural belts.The observation station in Naqu of Tibet is placed on the secondary tectonic belt of Bangongcuo-Nujiang deep faulting in the northern part of Tibet,which are controlled by both near-NWtrending faulting and NS-trending faulting.Existing data show that new tectonic movement in the observation area was active,manifesting that the deep huge faulting is still active.To study the deep electric structure of the observation area,three magnetotelluric profiles were investigated to analyze spatial distribution features and formation mechanism of geothermal resources.The shallow strata of observation area are mainly presented by 1D/2D structure and deep strata by 2D/3D structure.2D and 3D magnetotelluric data inversion were also performed,yielding 2D and 3D electric models of for 3-km-deep shallow strata.This study carried out 2D magnetotelluric inversion using continuous media inversion method and 3D magnetotelluric inversion using REBOCC 3D inversion code,and comprehensively interpreted 2Dand 3Delectric structures based on hydrogeological investigation results.Research results show that horizontal electrical gradient belt of 2Dgeoelectric structure in the observation area reflects a fault,with distinct feature of vertical layering;low resistance layers in the high resistance layers reflect a deep complex structure in the observation area;local high resistance bodies of 3D geoelectric structure represent active range of intrusive rocks and low resistance area reflects spatial distribution of geothermal resources in the observation area.Geothermal resources results from infiltration of surface rivers along secondary fractures,and therefore,geothermal activities are controlled by faulting structure.
引文
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Tang Jingtian,Zhou Cong,Ren Zhengyong,Wang Xianying Xiao Xiao,Lv Qingtian.2014.Three Dimensional Magnetotelluric Inversion and Structural Framework of Tongling Ore District,Anhui.88(4):598~611(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang Jingtian,Zhou Cong,Wang Xianying,Xiao Xiao,Lu Qingtian.2013.Deep electrical structure and geological significance of Tongling ore district.Tectonophysics,606(23):78~96
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Caldwell T G,Bibby H M,Brown C.2004.The magnetotelluric phase tensor.Geophysical Journal International.158(2):457~469.
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Dong Shuwen,Li Tingdong.2009.SinoProbe:the Exploration of the Deep Interior Beneath the Chinese Continent.Acta Geologica Sinica.83(7):895~909(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Han Kai,Gan Fuping,Liang Yongping,et al.,2015,Audiofrequency Magnetotellurics to Reveal the Tectonic Characteristics of the Xiayunling-hangcao Thrust Fault in Western Hills of Beijing and Its Significance.Geological Review,61(3):645~650(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han N,Nam M J.Kim H J,Lee T J,Song Y,Suh J H.2009.Three-dimensional magnetelluric inversion of magnetotelluric data including sea effects obtained in Pohang.Korea.Journal of Applied Geophysics.68(4):533~545.
Jin Sheng,Ye Gaofeng,Wei Wenbo,Deng Ming,Jing Jianen.2007.The Electrical Structure and Fault Feature of Crust andMantle ofWestern Tibet Plateau:Based on Results of Magnetotelluric Survey along Profile Zhada-Quanshuihu.Earth Science,32(4):474~480(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jin Sheng,Zhang Letian,Wei Wenbo,Ye Gaofeng,Liu Guoxing,Deng Ming,Jing Jianen.2010.Magnetotelluric Method for Deep Detection of Chinese Continent.Acta Geologica Sinica,84(6):808~817(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jin Sheng,Zhang Letian,Jin Yongji,Wei Wenbo,Ye Gaofeng.2012.Crustal electrical structure along the Hezuo-Dajing profile across the Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Chinese Journal Geophys.(in Chinese).55(12):3979~3990(in Chinese with English abstract).
Leshou,C.,John,R.B.,Jones,A.G.,et al.,1996.Electri-cally conductive crust in southern Tibet from INDE-PTHmagnetotelluric surveying.Science,274:1694~1696.
Lu Jingqi,He Meixing,Fang Hui,Ye Yixin,Zhong Qing,Gao Baotu.2010.Analysis of electrical structure feature beneath The dong cuo Basin in tibet an plateau based on result of magnetotelluric sounding detection.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration.(06):787~790+794.
Lu Yan,Li Yubin,Mima Puchi,Hao Jianting,Dexi Zongyang.2016.Evolution of structural geology and metallogenic unite,Xizang(Tibet)Autonomous Region.62(Supplement)219~220(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Zhao,Chen Kang,Nan Dawa.2017.Hydrochemical Characteristics of Geothermal Water in Gudui,Xizang(Tibet).Geological Review,63(Supplement):353~354(in Chinese with English abstract).
Mackie.R.L,Madden.T.R,Wannamaker.P.E.1993.Three dimensional magnetotelluric modeling using difference equations Theory and comparisons to integral equation solutions.Geophysics,58:215~226.
Min Gang,Wang Xuben,Zhang Xun,Xia Shibin,Kong Fantao,Deng Jialiang.2017.The Application of Audio Magnetotelluric Souding(AMT)Method in Mid-Shallow Geological Survey in the Baolun Region,Sichuan Province.Acta Geologica Sinica,91(03):690~702.(in Chinese with English abstract).
Newman G A,Alumbaugh D L.2000.Three-dimensional magnetotelluric inversion using non-linear conjugate gradients.Geopysics,140:410~424.
Smith.J.T,Booker.J.R.1991.Rapid inversion of two and three dimensional magnetotelluric data.J Geophys Res,96(B3):3905~3922.
Spichak V,Menville M,Roussignol M.1995.Three dimensional inversion of the magnetotelluric fields using Bayesian statistics.In Proc.Schlumberger Doll Research Symp.on 3D Elect romagnetics,eds Spies B and Oristaglio M,USA,347~358.
Siripunvaraporn W,Egbert G,Lenbury Y,Uyeshima M.2005.Three-dimensional magnetelluric inversion:data-space method.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors.150(1):3~14.
Siripunvaraporn W.Egbert G.2009.WSLNV3DMT:Vertical magnetic field transfer function inversion and parallel implementation.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors.173(3~4):317~329.
Siripunvaraporn W.2012.Three-dimensional magnetelluric inversion:an introductory guide for developers and users.Surveys in Geophysics.33(1):5~27.
Tan Handong,Yu Qinfan,John Booker,Wei Wenbo.2003.Magnetotelluric three-dimensional modeling using the staggered-grid finite difference method.Chinese Journal Geophys.46(5):705~711(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tan Handong,Wei Wenbo,MartynUnsworth,Deng Ming,Jin Sheng,2004.John Booker,Alan Jones.Crustal electrical conductivity structure beneath the Yarlung Zangbo Jiang suture in the southern Xizang plateau.Chinese Journal Geophys.47(4):685~690(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang Jingtian,Zhou Cong,Ren Zhengyong,Wang Xianying Xiao Xiao,Lv Qingtian.2014.Three Dimensional Magnetotelluric Inversion and Structural Framework of Tongling Ore District,Anhui.88(4):598~611(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang Jingtian,Zhou Cong,Wang Xianying,Xiao Xiao,Lu Qingtian.2013.Deep electrical structure and geological significance of Tongling ore district.Tectonophysics,606(23):78~96
Weidelt P,Kaikkonen P.1994.Local 1D interpertation of magnetotelluric B-polarization mpedence.Geophys J Int,117:733~748.
Wei Wenbo,Chen Leshou,Tan Handong,Deng Ming,Hu Jiande,Jin Sheng.1997.MT sounding on tibet anplateau-electrical structure of crust and mantle along profile of yadong bamucuo.Geosciences.11(3):366~374(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wei,W.B.,Martyn,U.,Jones,A.,et al.,2001.Detection ofwidespread fluids in the Tibetan crust by magnetotellu-ric studies.Science,292:716~718.
Wu Qin.1996.New achievements of geophysical exploration in the Yangbajing geothermal field of Tibet.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration.20(2):131~140(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Jiaying.1981.The application of magnetotelluric method in geothermal investigation.
Foreign Geoexploration Technology,14~23(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xia Baoben.1992.preliminary research of the rule of geothermal activities in Tibet,China international symposium on high temperature geothermal exploitation LunWenXuan in Tibet.1~7.
Yan Y L,Ma X B,Chen Y,et al.2012.The study of magnetotelluric sounding on Coqen-Xainza profile in Tibet.Chinese Jounal Geophys.(in Chinese),55(8):2636~2642.
Yang Wencai,Xu Yixian,Zhang Luolei,et al.,2015.Magnetotellruic Investigation and 3D Lithospheric Structures in the Tarim Terrane.Acta Geologica Sinica,89(7):1151~1161(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu Renxue,Hu Xiangyun.1995.Study on the resistivity structure of the lithosphere along the golmud-ejin qi geoscience transect.Chinese Journal Geophys.38(SupplementII):46~57(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Shengye,Wei Sheng,Wang Jiaying,Zhang Xianjue.1996.Magnetotelluric sounding in the qiangtang basin of xizang(Tibet).Earth Science,21(2):198~202(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhdanov M S,Fang S,Hursan G.2000.Electromagnetic inversion using quasi-linear approximation.Geophysics,65:1501~1513.
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