Au@SiO_2纳米晶核壳结构对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的优化
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摘要
为了研究不同(Au@SiO_2和TiO_2)质量比的Au@SiO_2的掺杂对染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)性能的影响,用机械球磨法制备了一系列基于不同掺杂含量的纳米晶核壳结构Au@SiO_2的电池光阳极材料.研究结果表明,Au@SiO_2的引入使得吸附在光阳极上的染料的光吸收增强,并显著提高了电池的短路电流密度J_(sc)和光电转换效率η.当m(Au@SiO_2)∶m(TiO_2)为0.3%时对应的电池具有最优的性能,其短路电流密度J_(sc)为15.5 mA·cm~(-2),开路电压V_(oc)为686mV,光电转换效率达到6.49%,比纯的TiO_2光阳极电池的效率提高了17.5%.研究发现,电池性能的提高可归因于两方面:1)壳内Au纳米颗粒所具有的局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)效应,使光阳极上染料的光吸收增强;2)SiO_2外壳层对暗电流的有效抑制.
In order to study the different mass ratio(m(Au@SiO_2)∶m(TiO_2))of Au@SiO_2 doping effect on the performance of dye sensitized solar cell(DSSC),a series of composite photoanode materials with different amounts of core-shell structure nano-Au@SiO_2 are prepared by mechanical ball grinding.Studies revealed that,by introducing the Au@SiO_2,the intensity of the light absorption spectra of the dye loaded on surface of photoanode,the short-circuit current density(J_(sc))and the photoelectric conversion efficiency(η)of the dye-sensitized solar cell are greatly increased.The optimal properties were obtained in the 0.3% Au@SiO_2 doped DSSC with a maximum J_(sc)of 15.5mA·cm~(-2),a highest open-circuit voltage of 686 m V and a best photoelectric conversion efficiency of 6.49%,giving 17.5% higher than theηof the conventional pure TiO_2-based DSSC.The improved performance of the optimal DSSC is attributed to two aspects:1)the localized surface plasmon resonance of the Au nanoparticles,which increases the light absorption of the dye load on photoanode;2)the effective restraint of SiO_2 on the dark-current.
In order to study the different mass ratio(m(Au@SiO_2)∶m(TiO_2))of Au@SiO_2 doping effect on the performance of dye sensitized solar cell(DSSC),a series of composite photoanode materials with different amounts of core-shell structure nano-Au@SiO_2 are prepared by mechanical ball grinding.Studies revealed that,by introducing the Au@SiO_2,the intensity of the light absorption spectra of the dye loaded on surface of photoanode,the short-circuit current density(J_(sc))and the photoelectric conversion efficiency(η)of the dye-sensitized solar cell are greatly increased.The optimal properties were obtained in the 0.3% Au@SiO_2 doped DSSC with a maximum J_(sc)of 15.5mA·cm~(-2),a highest open-circuit voltage of 686 m V and a best photoelectric conversion efficiency of 6.49%,giving 17.5% higher than theηof the conventional pure TiO_2-based DSSC.The improved performance of the optimal DSSC is attributed to two aspects:1)the localized surface plasmon resonance of the Au nanoparticles,which increases the light absorption of the dye load on photoanode;2)the effective restraint of SiO_2 on the dark-current.
引文
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[3]GRTZEL M.Photoelectrochemical cells[J].Nature,2001,414(6861):338-344.
[4]熊帮云,毛亮亮,何春清.纳米多孔TiO2薄膜的制备与表征[J].武汉大学学报(理学版),2012,58(3):189-192.DOI:10.14188/j.1671-8836.2012.03.001.XIONG B Y,MAO L L,HE C Q.Preparation and characterization of mesoporous thin films of titanium dioxide[J].Journal of Wuhan University(Natural Science Edition),2012,58(3):189-192.DOI:10.14188/j.1671-8836.2012.03.001(Ch).
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[7]RUSTOMJI C S,FRANDSEN C J,JIN S,et al.Dyesensitized solar cell constructed with titanium mesh and3-D array of TiO2 nanotubes[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2010,114(45):14537-14543.DOI:10.1021/jp102299g.
[8]NAZEERUDDIN M K,HUMPHRY-BAKER R,LISKA P,et al.Investigation of sensitizer adsorption and the influence of protons on current and voltage of a dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2solar cell[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2003,107(34):8981-8987.DOI:10.1021/jp022656f.
[9]KIM M H,KWON Y U.Semiconductor CdO as a blocking layer material on DSSC electrode:Mechanism and application[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2009,113(39):17176-17182.DOI:10.1021/jp904206a.
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[16]MORFA A J,ROWLEN K L,REILLY III T H,et al.Plasmon-enhanced solar energy conversion in organic bulk heterojunction photovoltaics[J].Applied Physics Letters,2008,92(1):013504.DOI:10.1063/1.2823578.
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[22]WOOD A,GIERSIG M,MULVANEY P.Fermi level equilibration in quantum dot-metal nanojunctions[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2001,105(37):8810-8815.DOI:10.1021/jp011576t.
[23]SUBRAMANIAN V,WOLF E E,KAMAT P V.Green emission to probe photoinduced charging events in ZnO-Au nanoparticles.Charge distribution and fermi-level equilibration[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2003,107(30):7479-7485.DOI:10.1021/jp0275037.
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[27]JI X H,SONG X N,LI J,et al.Size control of gold nanocrystals in citrate reduction:The third role of citrate[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2007,129(45):13939-13948.DOI:10.1021/ja074447k.
[28]KELLY K L,CORONADO E,ZHAO L L,et al.The optical properties of metal nanoparticles:The influence of size,shape,and dielectric environment[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2003,107(3):668-677.DOI:10.1021/jp0267731y.
[29]QI J F,DANG X N,HAMMOND P T,et al.Highly efficient plasmon-enhanced dye-sensitized solar cells through metal@oxide core-shell nanostructure[J].ACS nano,2011,5(9):7108-7116.DOI:10.1021/nn201808g.
[30]郭楷模,方小利,胡忠强,等.Ag纳米颗粒表面等离子体共振增强DSSC电池的制备及性能研究[J].武汉大学学报(理学版),2012,58(5):382-386.DOI:10.14188/j.1671-8836.2012.05.002.GUO K M,FANG X L,HU Z Q,et al.The preparation and improved properties of dye-sensitized solar cells by surface plasmon resonace of Ag nanoparticles[J].Journal of Wuhan University(Natural Science Edition),2012,58(5):382-386.DOI:10.14188/j.1671-8836.2012.05.002(Ch).
[31]STBER W,FINK A,BOHN E.Controlled growth of monodisperse silica spheres in the micron size range[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,1968,26(1):62-69.
[32]HAN L,KOIDE N,CHIBA Y,et al.Modeling of an equivalent circuit for dye-sensitized solar cells[J].Applied Physics Letters,2004,84(13):2433-2435.DOI:10.1016/j.crci.2005.02.046.