Nano-Au@PANI蛋黄空心结构电极材料的构筑及超级电容性能
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摘要
采用两步化学氧化法,通过控制氧化剂的扩散合成了Nano-Au@PANI复合材料。采用透射电镜对其形貌进行了表征,采用电化学工作站对其电化学性能进行了测试,并研究了反应时间对其电化学性能的影响。结果表明,合成的Nano-Au@PANI复合材料具有蛋黄空心结构,PANI外壳层的厚度随时间的延长而增加,其作为电极材料比容量出现了先增大后减小的趋势。当反应时间为12h时,其PANI外壳层的厚度约为21nm,比容量为79F·g~(-1)。
The nano-Au@PANI was prepared via a two-step method of oxidative polymerization by controlling the diffusion of oxidizing agents.The morphology of nano-Au@PANI was characterized by TEM,and the performances of supercapacitor were measured by electrochemical work-station(CHI660 E).Furthermore,the relationship of reaction time and the performances of supercapacitor were also studied.The results showed that the nano-Au@PANI composites possessed yolk-shell structure,and with extension of reaction time the specific capacitance first increased and then decreased.When the reaction time was 12 h,the shell thickness of PANI was about 21 nm,the specific capacitance was up to 79 F·g~(-1).
The nano-Au@PANI was prepared via a two-step method of oxidative polymerization by controlling the diffusion of oxidizing agents.The morphology of nano-Au@PANI was characterized by TEM,and the performances of supercapacitor were measured by electrochemical work-station(CHI660 E).Furthermore,the relationship of reaction time and the performances of supercapacitor were also studied.The results showed that the nano-Au@PANI composites possessed yolk-shell structure,and with extension of reaction time the specific capacitance first increased and then decreased.When the reaction time was 12 h,the shell thickness of PANI was about 21 nm,the specific capacitance was up to 79 F·g~(-1).
引文
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2 Burke A.Ultracapacitors:Why,how,and where is the technology[J].Journal of Power Sources,2000,91(1):37.
3 Zhu Y,Murali S,Stoller M D,et al.Carbon-based supercapacitors produced by activation of graphene[J].Science,2011,332(6037):1537.
4 Zhang L L,Zhao X S.Carbon-based materials as supercapacitor electrodes[J].Chemical Society Reviews,2009,38(9):2520.
5 Zhi M,Xiang C,Li J,et al.Nanostructured carbon-metal oxide composite electrodes for supercapacitors:A review[J].Nanoscale,2013,5(1):72.
6 Wang J G,Kang F,Wei B.Engineering of MnO2-based nanocomposites for high-performance supercapacitors[J].Progress in Materials Science,2015,74:51.
7 Snook G A,Kao P,Best A S.Conducting-polymer-based supercapacitor devices and electrodes[J].Journal of Power Sources,2011,196(1):1.
8 Kimizuka O,Tanaike O,Yamashita J,et al.Electrochemical doping of pure single-walled carbon nanotubes used as supercapacitor electrodes[J].Carbon,2008,46(14):1999.
9 Xia K,Gao Q,Jiang J,et al.Hierarchical porous carbons with controlled micropores and mesopores for supercapacitor electrode materials[J].Carbon,2008,46(13):1718.
10 Enterria M,Pereira M F R,Martins J I,et al.Hydrothermal functionalization of ordered mesoporous carbons:The effect of boron on supercapacitor performance[J].Carbon,2015,95:72.
11 Lv W,Li Z,Deng Y,et al.Graphene-based materials for electrochemical energy storage devices:Opportunities and challenges[J].Energy Storage Materials,2016,2:107.
12 Ghosh A,Lee Y H.Carbon-based electrochemical capacitors[J].ChemSusChem,2012,5(3):480.
13 Shan M L,Liu Y J,Li X,et al.KOH-activated carbons used as electrode materials for supercapacitor[J].Material Review A:Review Papers,2016,30(5):11(in Chinese).单明礼,刘玉静,李霞,等.氢氧化钾改性碳材料及其在超级电容器中的应用[J].材料导报:综述篇,2016,30(5):11.
14 Feng C C,Wu A M,Huang H.Recent progress of N-doped porous carbon materials with applications to supercapacitor electrode[J].Material Review A:Review Papers,2016,30(1):143(in Chinese).冯晨辰,吴爱民,黄昊.超级电容器电极用氮-掺杂多孔碳材料的研究进展[J].材料导报:综述篇,2016,30(1):143.
15 Huang M,Li F,Dong F,et al.MnO2-based nanostructures for high-performance supercapacitors[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2015,3(43):21380.
16 Su X H,Yu L,Cheng G.Hydrothermally synthesized manganese dioxide film as supercapacitor electrode[J].Material Review B:Research Papers,2015,29(5):18(in Chinese).苏小辉,余林,程高.水热合成法制备超级电容器用二氧化锰薄膜电极[J].材料导报:研究篇,2015,29(5):18.
17 Lang J W,Kong L B,Wu W J,et al.Facile approach to prepare loose-packed NiO nano-flakes materials for supercapacitors[J].Chemical Communications,2008,35(35):4213.
18 Kong L B,Zhang J,An J J,et al.MWNTs/PANI composite materials prepared by in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization for supercapacitor electrode[J].Journal of Materials Science,2008,43(10):3664.
19 Zhang J,Kong L B,Li H,et al.Synthesis of polypyrrole film by pulse galvanostatic method and its application as supercapacitor electrode materials[J].Journal of Materials Science,2010,45(7):1947.
20 Berzina T,Pucci A,Ruggeri G,et al.Gold nanoparticlespolyaniline composite material:Synthesis,structure and electrical properties[J].Synthetic Metals,2011,161(13-14):1408.
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22 Zhang L,Peng H,Kilmartin P A,et al.Self-assembled hollow polyaniline/Au nanospheres obtained by a one-step synthesis[J].Macromolecular Rapid Communications,2008,29(7):598.
23 Wang X,Shen Y,Xie A,et al.Assembly of dandelion-like Au/PANI nanocomposites and their application as SERS nanosensors[J].Biosensors&Bioelectronics,2011,26(6):3063.
24 Sun H,Shen X,Yao L,et al.Measuring the unusually slow ionic diffusion in polyaniline via study of yolk-shell nanostructures[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2012,134(27):11243.
25 Lang X,Zhang L,Fujita T,et al.Three-dimensional bicontinuous nanoporous Au/polyaniline hybrid films for high-performance electrochemical supercapacitors[J].Journal of Power Sources,2012,197:325.
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27 He J,Liu Y,Babu T,et al.Self-assembly of inorganic nanoparticle vesicles and tubules driven by tethered linear block copolymers[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2012,134(28):11342.
28 Frens G.Controlled nucleation for the regulation of the particle size in monodisperse gold suspensions[J].Nature Physical Science,1973,241(105):20.
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