鲤鱼对外来入侵物种鳄龟及巴西龟的视觉识别
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摘要
鳄龟(Macroclemys temmincki)和巴西龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)是危害严重的外来物种,在中国多地的水生生态系统中已经发现鳄龟和巴西龟分布。本研究探讨了本地物种鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)对这两种入侵生物的反捕食能力。通过观察鳄龟和巴西龟出现时,鲤鱼是否远离它们,来了解鲤鱼对鳄龟和巴西龟的视觉识别能力和反捕食行为。结果表明:当只有鳄龟时,鲤鱼能在短时间内(10 min)有效识别并远离鳄龟;当鳄龟和巴西龟同时出现时,在所有时间段内(0～10 min)鲤鱼远离鳄龟的数量显著高于远离巴西龟的数量,这可能是鳄龟活动幅度较大、危险系数高、动作凶猛所致。本研究说明,鲤鱼可通过视觉辨别捕食者威胁大小并采取合适的生存策略。水生生态系统的外来入侵物种对水生生物的危害较大,应加强对外来入侵物种的防控,限制外来物种放生,减轻其生态危害。
Alligator snapping turtle( Macroclemys temmincki) and red-eared slider( Trachemys scripta elegans) are harmful alien invasive species. Both of them have been found in many aquatic ecosystems in China. Here,we examined the anti-predation ability of a native species in China,carp( Cyprinus carpio),against those invasive species. By observing whether the carp would try to far away from them during the appearance of alligator snapping turtle and red-eared slider,we estimated the visual recognition ability and anti-predatory behavior of carp. The results showed that when only alligator snapping turtle was present,the carp was able to visually identify the predator within a short period of time( 10 min) and stayed away from it. When both invasive species presented simultaneously,the number of carp moving away from alligator snapping turtle was significantly higher than that moving away from red-eared slider at all time points( 0-10 min).This may be due to the large range of action,high risk and the fierce movement of the snapping turtle. Our results indicate that the carp can visually identify predators and adopt appropriate survival strategies. Alien invasive species in aquatic ecosystems are harmful to native aquatic organisms. The control of invasive alien species should be strengthened to prevent the release of alien species and reduce their ecological hazards.
Alligator snapping turtle( Macroclemys temmincki) and red-eared slider( Trachemys scripta elegans) are harmful alien invasive species. Both of them have been found in many aquatic ecosystems in China. Here,we examined the anti-predation ability of a native species in China,carp( Cyprinus carpio),against those invasive species. By observing whether the carp would try to far away from them during the appearance of alligator snapping turtle and red-eared slider,we estimated the visual recognition ability and anti-predatory behavior of carp. The results showed that when only alligator snapping turtle was present,the carp was able to visually identify the predator within a short period of time( 10 min) and stayed away from it. When both invasive species presented simultaneously,the number of carp moving away from alligator snapping turtle was significantly higher than that moving away from red-eared slider at all time points( 0-10 min).This may be due to the large range of action,high risk and the fierce movement of the snapping turtle. Our results indicate that the carp can visually identify predators and adopt appropriate survival strategies. Alien invasive species in aquatic ecosystems are harmful to native aquatic organisms. The control of invasive alien species should be strengthened to prevent the release of alien species and reduce their ecological hazards.
引文
蔡金凤.2011.克氏原螯虾对几种水生动物的捕食及其对克氏原螯虾的识别机制研究(硕士学位论文).桂林:广西师范大学.
曾北危.2004.生物入侵.北京:化学工业出版社:88-101.
陈婉.2018.筑牢生物入侵的防控体系,早发现早防治.环境经济,(Z1):106-109.
龚世平,杨江波,葛研,等.2018.外来物种红耳龟在中国野外分布现状及扩散路径研究.野生动物学报,39(2):373-378.
郭传新,于海燕,马荣贵,等.2003.防范外来物种入侵风险,维护生态安全.中国环境监测,19(3):62-65.
李应森,叶泰荣,吴惠仙.2008.鳄龟健康养殖新技术.上海:上海科学技术出版社.
梁晓东,叶万辉.2001.美国对入侵种的管理对策.生物多样性,9(1):90-94.
梁旭方.1995.鳜鱼视觉特性及其对捕食习性适应的研究.III.视觉对猎物运动和形状的反应.水生生物学报,19(1):70-75.
刘学勤.2006.湖泊底栖动物食物组成与食物网研究(博士学位论文).武汉:中国科学院水生生物研究所.
陆琴燕,刘永,李纯厚,等.2013.海洋外来物种入侵对南海生态系统的影响及防控对策.生态学杂志,23(8):2186-2193.
吕伟华.2017.鲤鱼肌肉脂肪性状相关基因筛选及功能研究(硕士学位论文).黑龙江:东北农业大学.
木辛.2016.从巴西龟看入侵物种放生问题.环境教育,(11):50-53.
史海涛,龚世平,梁伟,等.2009.控制外来物种红耳龟在中国野生环境蔓延的态势.生物学通报,44(4):1-3.
覃光球,卢豪良,唐振柱,等.2014.水生生态环境中捕食信息素的生态学效应.生态学报,34(10):2481-2489.
王立斌.2008.鲤鱼的养殖与经济价值.商场现代化,(11):328.
徐婧,周婷,叶存奇,等.2006.龟类外来种的生物入侵隐患及其防范措施.四川动物,25(2):420-422.
叶泰荣,李家乐,李应森.2007.鳄龟(Chelydra serpentina)的营养成分分析.现代渔业信息,22(6):6-9.
易蓉蓉.2009.世界自然基金会呼吁遏制红耳龟在中国野外蔓延.科学时报:6-1(A2).
张红星.2010.黄河中游流域外来龟、鳖类对原有种类的生态威胁.现代农业科技,(10):326-331.
赵振东.2014.来自地球另一侧的巴西龟.水族世界,(4):128-133.
朱骞,钱耀森.2017.我国主要食用鲤鱼养殖品种介绍.渔业致富指南,(22):37-38.
朱健,王建新,龚永生,等.2000.我国鲤鱼遗传改良研究概况.浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,19(3):266-271.
朱健.2001.鲤鱼养殖现状及种质资源探讨.中国水产,(3):79-80.
Berejikiana BA,Tezaka EP,LaRaeb AL.2003.Innate and enhanced predator recognition in hatchery-reared chinook salmon.Environmental Biology of Fishes,67:241-251.
Brown GE,Cowan J.2000.Foraging trade-off and predator inspection in an ostariophysan fish:Switch from chemical to visual cues.Behaviour,137:181-195.
Cox JG,Lima SL.2006.Naivetéand an aquatic-terrestrial dichotomy in the effects of introduced predators.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,21:674-680.
Crawford BA,Hickman CR,Luhring TM.2011.Testing the threat-sensitive hypothesis with predator familiarity and dietary specificity.Ethology,118:41-48.
Gong S,Wang F,Shi H,et al.2014.Highly pathogenic Salmonella Pomona was first isolated from the exotic red-eared slider(Trachemys scripta elegans)in the wild in China:Implications for public health.Science of the Total Environment,468-469:28-30.
Hoverman JT,Auld JR,Relyea RA.2005.Putting prey back together again:Integrating predator-induced behavior,morphology,and life history.Oecologia,144:481-491.
Kiesecker JM,Chivers DP,Blaustein AR.1996.The use of chemical cues in predator recognition by western toad Bufo boreas tadpole.Animal Behaviour,52:1237-1245.
Martin CW,Fodrie FJ,Heck KL,et al.2010.Differential habitat use and antipredator response of juvenile roach(Rutilus rutilus)to olfactory and visual cues from multiple predators.Oecologia,162:893-902.
Murphy KE,Pitcher TJ.2010.Predator attack motivation influences the inspection behaviour of European minnows.Journal of Fish Biology,50:407-417.
Petterssona LB,Anderssona K,Nilssona K.2001.The diel activity of crucian carp,Carassius carassius,in relation to chemical cues from predators.Environmental Biology of Fishes,61:341-345.
Reynolds PL,Bruno JF.2013.Multiple predator species alter prey behavior,population growth,and a trophic cascade in a model estuarine food web.Ecological Monographs,83:119-132.
Smith ME,Belk MC.2001.Risk assessment in western mosquitofish(Gambusia affinis):Do multiple cues have additive effects.Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology,51:101-107.
Yokoyama S,Shi Y.2000.Genetics and evolution of ultraviolet vision in vertebrates.FEBS Letters,486:167-172.
曾北危.2004.生物入侵.北京:化学工业出版社:88-101.
陈婉.2018.筑牢生物入侵的防控体系,早发现早防治.环境经济,(Z1):106-109.
龚世平,杨江波,葛研,等.2018.外来物种红耳龟在中国野外分布现状及扩散路径研究.野生动物学报,39(2):373-378.
郭传新,于海燕,马荣贵,等.2003.防范外来物种入侵风险,维护生态安全.中国环境监测,19(3):62-65.
李应森,叶泰荣,吴惠仙.2008.鳄龟健康养殖新技术.上海:上海科学技术出版社.
梁晓东,叶万辉.2001.美国对入侵种的管理对策.生物多样性,9(1):90-94.
梁旭方.1995.鳜鱼视觉特性及其对捕食习性适应的研究.III.视觉对猎物运动和形状的反应.水生生物学报,19(1):70-75.
刘学勤.2006.湖泊底栖动物食物组成与食物网研究(博士学位论文).武汉:中国科学院水生生物研究所.
陆琴燕,刘永,李纯厚,等.2013.海洋外来物种入侵对南海生态系统的影响及防控对策.生态学杂志,23(8):2186-2193.
吕伟华.2017.鲤鱼肌肉脂肪性状相关基因筛选及功能研究(硕士学位论文).黑龙江:东北农业大学.
木辛.2016.从巴西龟看入侵物种放生问题.环境教育,(11):50-53.
史海涛,龚世平,梁伟,等.2009.控制外来物种红耳龟在中国野生环境蔓延的态势.生物学通报,44(4):1-3.
覃光球,卢豪良,唐振柱,等.2014.水生生态环境中捕食信息素的生态学效应.生态学报,34(10):2481-2489.
王立斌.2008.鲤鱼的养殖与经济价值.商场现代化,(11):328.
徐婧,周婷,叶存奇,等.2006.龟类外来种的生物入侵隐患及其防范措施.四川动物,25(2):420-422.
叶泰荣,李家乐,李应森.2007.鳄龟(Chelydra serpentina)的营养成分分析.现代渔业信息,22(6):6-9.
易蓉蓉.2009.世界自然基金会呼吁遏制红耳龟在中国野外蔓延.科学时报:6-1(A2).
张红星.2010.黄河中游流域外来龟、鳖类对原有种类的生态威胁.现代农业科技,(10):326-331.
赵振东.2014.来自地球另一侧的巴西龟.水族世界,(4):128-133.
朱骞,钱耀森.2017.我国主要食用鲤鱼养殖品种介绍.渔业致富指南,(22):37-38.
朱健,王建新,龚永生,等.2000.我国鲤鱼遗传改良研究概况.浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,19(3):266-271.
朱健.2001.鲤鱼养殖现状及种质资源探讨.中国水产,(3):79-80.
Berejikiana BA,Tezaka EP,LaRaeb AL.2003.Innate and enhanced predator recognition in hatchery-reared chinook salmon.Environmental Biology of Fishes,67:241-251.
Brown GE,Cowan J.2000.Foraging trade-off and predator inspection in an ostariophysan fish:Switch from chemical to visual cues.Behaviour,137:181-195.
Cox JG,Lima SL.2006.Naivetéand an aquatic-terrestrial dichotomy in the effects of introduced predators.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,21:674-680.
Crawford BA,Hickman CR,Luhring TM.2011.Testing the threat-sensitive hypothesis with predator familiarity and dietary specificity.Ethology,118:41-48.
Gong S,Wang F,Shi H,et al.2014.Highly pathogenic Salmonella Pomona was first isolated from the exotic red-eared slider(Trachemys scripta elegans)in the wild in China:Implications for public health.Science of the Total Environment,468-469:28-30.
Hoverman JT,Auld JR,Relyea RA.2005.Putting prey back together again:Integrating predator-induced behavior,morphology,and life history.Oecologia,144:481-491.
Kiesecker JM,Chivers DP,Blaustein AR.1996.The use of chemical cues in predator recognition by western toad Bufo boreas tadpole.Animal Behaviour,52:1237-1245.
Martin CW,Fodrie FJ,Heck KL,et al.2010.Differential habitat use and antipredator response of juvenile roach(Rutilus rutilus)to olfactory and visual cues from multiple predators.Oecologia,162:893-902.
Murphy KE,Pitcher TJ.2010.Predator attack motivation influences the inspection behaviour of European minnows.Journal of Fish Biology,50:407-417.
Petterssona LB,Anderssona K,Nilssona K.2001.The diel activity of crucian carp,Carassius carassius,in relation to chemical cues from predators.Environmental Biology of Fishes,61:341-345.
Reynolds PL,Bruno JF.2013.Multiple predator species alter prey behavior,population growth,and a trophic cascade in a model estuarine food web.Ecological Monographs,83:119-132.
Smith ME,Belk MC.2001.Risk assessment in western mosquitofish(Gambusia affinis):Do multiple cues have additive effects.Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology,51:101-107.
Yokoyama S,Shi Y.2000.Genetics and evolution of ultraviolet vision in vertebrates.FEBS Letters,486:167-172.
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