企业组织演化的多主体建模与仿真
|
摘要
为了探索企业成员和需求资源等大量微观主体之间的非线性作用对宏观企业组织生长演化过程的影响,从复杂适应系统理论的角度分析企业组织生长演化的复杂适应性特征,运用多主体建模方法,以个体行为为切入点,构造企业组织演化的多主体模型,并利用SWARM平台模拟在动态环境下企业组织的形成、生长和发展等过程,探讨了行为个体、需求资源和企业组织的相互作用和相互影响。实验结果表明正是微观个体的主动性和适应性导致了企业组织的形成、繁荣、衰落等复杂适应系统的现象,也进一步说明应用基于主体的建模方法研究企业组织这个复杂系统对提高企业组织的适应性和竞争力有实际意义上的指导作用。
In order to explore how the macro enterprise organization evolution process emerged from the non-linear interaction of enterprise members and demand resources,with complex adaptive system theory,this paper analyzed the complex adaptive characteristics of enterprise organization growth evolution,regarded the individual behavior as key point,and established multiagent model of enterprise organization evolution by applying multi-agent-based modeling.Then,the enterprise organization growth evolution model was simulated on SWARM platform,which showed the interaction and influence of the behavior individual,enterprise and environmental.The simulation results show that it is the initiative and adaptability of the micro individual that lead to the enterprise organization complex behaviors such as the formation,the prosperity and the decline and so on,it also further demonstrate that the application of the agent-based modeling in enterprise organization system has guidance function with real significance for improving the adaptability and competitiveness of the enterprise organization.
In order to explore how the macro enterprise organization evolution process emerged from the non-linear interaction of enterprise members and demand resources,with complex adaptive system theory,this paper analyzed the complex adaptive characteristics of enterprise organization growth evolution,regarded the individual behavior as key point,and established multiagent model of enterprise organization evolution by applying multi-agent-based modeling.Then,the enterprise organization growth evolution model was simulated on SWARM platform,which showed the interaction and influence of the behavior individual,enterprise and environmental.The simulation results show that it is the initiative and adaptability of the micro individual that lead to the enterprise organization complex behaviors such as the formation,the prosperity and the decline and so on,it also further demonstrate that the application of the agent-based modeling in enterprise organization system has guidance function with real significance for improving the adaptability and competitiveness of the enterprise organization.
引文
[1]欧阳莹之.复杂系统理论基础[M].上海:上海科技教育出版社,2002:181.
[2]Janssen M A,Ostrom E.Empirically based,agent-based models[J].Ecology and Society,2006,11(2):37-49.
[3]金士尧,任传俊,黄红兵.复杂系统涌现与基于整体论的多智能体分析[J].计算机工程与科学,2010,32(3):1-6.Jin Shiyao,Ren Chuanjun,Huang Hongbing.Emergence of complex systems and the multi-agent analysis based on ho-lism[J].Computer Engineering&Science,2010,32(3):1-6.
[4]Thomas C.Shelling.Dynamic models of segregation[J].Journal of Mathematical Sociology,1971,1:143-186.
[5]Gilbert N,Terna P.How to build and use agent-based models in social science[J]Mind&Society,2000,1(1):57-72.
[6]James H F,Oleg S.Dynamic parties and social turnout:an agent-based model[J].American Journal of Sociology,2005,110(4):1070-1094.
[7]Janssen M A,Barton C M,Alessa L N,et al.Towards a community framework for agent-based modeling[J].Journal ofArtificial Societies and Social Simulation,2008,11(2):6.
[8]Radtke N P,Janssen M A,Collofello J.What makes free/libre open source software(FLOSS)projects successfulan a-gent-based model of FLOSS projects[J].International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes,2009,1(2):1-13.
[9]Axelrod R.The Evolution of Cooperation[M].New York:Basic Books,1984.
[10]Epstein J M,Axtell R.Growing Artificial Societies:the Social Science From Bottom Up[M].Cambridge,Massachu-setts:MIT Press,1996.
[11]Arthur W B,Holland J H,Le Baron B,et al.Asset pricing under endogenous expectations[D].Santa Fe N M:Santa FeInstitute Paper,1996.
[12]Basu N,Pryor J,Quint T,et al.Aspen:a microsimulation model of the economy[R].Albuquerque N M:Sandia Na-tional Laboratories,1996.
[13]Janssen M A,Ostrom E.Adoption of a new regulation for the governance of common-pool resources by a heterogeneouspopulation[M]∥Baland J-M,Bardhan P,Bowles S.Inequality,Cooperation and Environmental Sustainability,Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,2006:60-96.
[14]黄璜.基于社会资本的合作演化研究——“基于主体建模”方法的博弈推演[J].中国软科学,2010(9):173-184.Huang Huang.Cooperative evolution based on social capital:a simulation using agent-based modeling[J].China Soft Sci-ence,2010(9):173-184.
[15]邵艳华,张明生.一类复杂适应系统的建模研究[J].计算机工程.2012,38(1):253-255.Shao Yanhua,Zhang Mingsheng.Research on a class of complex adaptive system modeling[J].Computer Engineering,2012,38(1):253-255.
[16]姜鑫,刘新建,陈超.基于多主体影响图及博弈论的军事决策建模[J].系统工程与电子技术,2011,33(7):139-143.Jiang Xin,Liu Xinjian,Chen Chao.Modeling of military decision-making based on multi-agent influence diagrams andgames[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2011,33(7):139-143.
[17]冯强,曾声奎,康锐.基于多主体的舰载机综合保障过程建模方法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2010,32(1):211-216.Feng Qiang,Zeng Shengkui,Kang Rui.Multiagent-based modeling method for integrated logistic support of the carrieraircraft[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2010,32(1):211-216.
[18]温德尔L弗伦奇,小塞西尔H贝尔,罗伯特A扎瓦茨基.组织发展与转型-有效的变革管理[M].阎海峰,秦一琼.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[19]Rybakov L A.Environment and complexity of organizations[J].Emergence,2001,3(4):83-94.
[20]Scott W R.Organizations:Rational,Natural,and Open Systems[M].5th.New Jersey:Prentice Hall,2003.
[21]陈禹.复杂适应系统(CAS)理论及其应用——由来、内容与启示[J].系统辩证学学报,2001,9(4):31-39.Chen Yu.Complex adaptive system theory and its application:foundation,contents and implication[J].Journal of Sys-temimc Dialectics,2001,9(4):31-39.
[22]时振涛,曾建潮.组织行为演化的多主体模型[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2011,42(增刊1):853-858.Shi Zhentao,Zeng Jianchao.Multi-agent model of organizational behavior evolution[J].Journal of Central South Univer-sity(Science and Technology),2011,42(suppl.1):853-858.
[23]拉尔夫D斯泰西.组织中的复杂性与创造性[M].宋学锋,曹庆仁,译.成都:四川人民出版社,2000.
[24]Axtell R.The emergence of firms in a population of agents:local increasing returns to scale,unstable nash equilibria,andpower law size distributions[R].Washington D C:The Brookings Institution,1999.
[25]Axtell R.Non-cooperative dynamics of multi-agent teams[C]//Proceedings of the International Conference on Autono-mous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems.2002:1082-1089.
[26]Moore J F.Predators and Prey:a New Ecology of Competition[M].United States:Harvard Business Review,1993.
[27]Nelson R R.Why do firms differ,and how does it matter[J].Strategic Management Journal,1991,12:61-74.
[2]Janssen M A,Ostrom E.Empirically based,agent-based models[J].Ecology and Society,2006,11(2):37-49.
[3]金士尧,任传俊,黄红兵.复杂系统涌现与基于整体论的多智能体分析[J].计算机工程与科学,2010,32(3):1-6.Jin Shiyao,Ren Chuanjun,Huang Hongbing.Emergence of complex systems and the multi-agent analysis based on ho-lism[J].Computer Engineering&Science,2010,32(3):1-6.
[4]Thomas C.Shelling.Dynamic models of segregation[J].Journal of Mathematical Sociology,1971,1:143-186.
[5]Gilbert N,Terna P.How to build and use agent-based models in social science[J]Mind&Society,2000,1(1):57-72.
[6]James H F,Oleg S.Dynamic parties and social turnout:an agent-based model[J].American Journal of Sociology,2005,110(4):1070-1094.
[7]Janssen M A,Barton C M,Alessa L N,et al.Towards a community framework for agent-based modeling[J].Journal ofArtificial Societies and Social Simulation,2008,11(2):6.
[8]Radtke N P,Janssen M A,Collofello J.What makes free/libre open source software(FLOSS)projects successfulan a-gent-based model of FLOSS projects[J].International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes,2009,1(2):1-13.
[9]Axelrod R.The Evolution of Cooperation[M].New York:Basic Books,1984.
[10]Epstein J M,Axtell R.Growing Artificial Societies:the Social Science From Bottom Up[M].Cambridge,Massachu-setts:MIT Press,1996.
[11]Arthur W B,Holland J H,Le Baron B,et al.Asset pricing under endogenous expectations[D].Santa Fe N M:Santa FeInstitute Paper,1996.
[12]Basu N,Pryor J,Quint T,et al.Aspen:a microsimulation model of the economy[R].Albuquerque N M:Sandia Na-tional Laboratories,1996.
[13]Janssen M A,Ostrom E.Adoption of a new regulation for the governance of common-pool resources by a heterogeneouspopulation[M]∥Baland J-M,Bardhan P,Bowles S.Inequality,Cooperation and Environmental Sustainability,Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,2006:60-96.
[14]黄璜.基于社会资本的合作演化研究——“基于主体建模”方法的博弈推演[J].中国软科学,2010(9):173-184.Huang Huang.Cooperative evolution based on social capital:a simulation using agent-based modeling[J].China Soft Sci-ence,2010(9):173-184.
[15]邵艳华,张明生.一类复杂适应系统的建模研究[J].计算机工程.2012,38(1):253-255.Shao Yanhua,Zhang Mingsheng.Research on a class of complex adaptive system modeling[J].Computer Engineering,2012,38(1):253-255.
[16]姜鑫,刘新建,陈超.基于多主体影响图及博弈论的军事决策建模[J].系统工程与电子技术,2011,33(7):139-143.Jiang Xin,Liu Xinjian,Chen Chao.Modeling of military decision-making based on multi-agent influence diagrams andgames[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2011,33(7):139-143.
[17]冯强,曾声奎,康锐.基于多主体的舰载机综合保障过程建模方法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2010,32(1):211-216.Feng Qiang,Zeng Shengkui,Kang Rui.Multiagent-based modeling method for integrated logistic support of the carrieraircraft[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2010,32(1):211-216.
[18]温德尔L弗伦奇,小塞西尔H贝尔,罗伯特A扎瓦茨基.组织发展与转型-有效的变革管理[M].阎海峰,秦一琼.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[19]Rybakov L A.Environment and complexity of organizations[J].Emergence,2001,3(4):83-94.
[20]Scott W R.Organizations:Rational,Natural,and Open Systems[M].5th.New Jersey:Prentice Hall,2003.
[21]陈禹.复杂适应系统(CAS)理论及其应用——由来、内容与启示[J].系统辩证学学报,2001,9(4):31-39.Chen Yu.Complex adaptive system theory and its application:foundation,contents and implication[J].Journal of Sys-temimc Dialectics,2001,9(4):31-39.
[22]时振涛,曾建潮.组织行为演化的多主体模型[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2011,42(增刊1):853-858.Shi Zhentao,Zeng Jianchao.Multi-agent model of organizational behavior evolution[J].Journal of Central South Univer-sity(Science and Technology),2011,42(suppl.1):853-858.
[23]拉尔夫D斯泰西.组织中的复杂性与创造性[M].宋学锋,曹庆仁,译.成都:四川人民出版社,2000.
[24]Axtell R.The emergence of firms in a population of agents:local increasing returns to scale,unstable nash equilibria,andpower law size distributions[R].Washington D C:The Brookings Institution,1999.
[25]Axtell R.Non-cooperative dynamics of multi-agent teams[C]//Proceedings of the International Conference on Autono-mous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems.2002:1082-1089.
[26]Moore J F.Predators and Prey:a New Ecology of Competition[M].United States:Harvard Business Review,1993.
[27]Nelson R R.Why do firms differ,and how does it matter[J].Strategic Management Journal,1991,12:61-74.