新型虚拟同步电动机电网电压前馈控制策略
|
摘要
虚拟同步电动机(又称负荷虚拟同步机)能够自适应参与电网调频、调压服务,是一种潜在的"源-网-荷"灵活互动方式,其基本拓扑包括AC/DC变换器和DC/DC变换器。针对其故障穿越场景,提出了一种虚拟同步电动机电网电压前馈控制策略。对于AC/DC接口,以控制其直流侧电压和无功功率为目标,控制策略中应用同步电机的机械转矩方程和电磁方程,赋予整流器虚拟惯性和阻尼特性,同时引入电网电压瞬时值前馈环节,提高系统的动态性能;在DC/DC接口控制策略中,以控制有功功率为目标,引入有功-频率下垂控制方程,实现负荷对电网的频率响应。提出的控制策略,能够使设备在电网电压和频率发生异常时,迅速做出响应,为电网提供必要的功率支撑,并在电网电压跌落的瞬间,抑制并网点电流的冲击,维持系统稳定运行。
Virtual synchronous motor,(also known as load virtual synchronous machine)constituted of AC/DC converter and DC/DC converter, can participate in grid frequency modulation and voltage regulation self-adaptively, which is a potential flexible interaction of "source-network-load". This paper proposes control strategies for virtual synchronous motor based on voltage feed-forward control according to its fault ride-through scenarios. For the AC/DC interface, targeting the control of its DC side voltage and reactive power, the control strategy applies the mechanical torque equations and electromagnetic equations to synchronous motor, and gives the rectifier virtual inertia and damping characteristics. The instantaneous value of grid voltage feed-forward is introduced to restrain the current impact at the moment of voltage drop and improve the dynamic performance of the system. For the control strategy of DC/DC interface, targeting the control of active power, active power frequency drooping control equation is used to realize the active power response function. When the voltage and frequency of the power grid are abnormal, the VSM control strategy can maintain the DC side output voltage of the rectifier device, and can carry the load in the fault state, which ensures the stability of the load.
Virtual synchronous motor,(also known as load virtual synchronous machine)constituted of AC/DC converter and DC/DC converter, can participate in grid frequency modulation and voltage regulation self-adaptively, which is a potential flexible interaction of "source-network-load". This paper proposes control strategies for virtual synchronous motor based on voltage feed-forward control according to its fault ride-through scenarios. For the AC/DC interface, targeting the control of its DC side voltage and reactive power, the control strategy applies the mechanical torque equations and electromagnetic equations to synchronous motor, and gives the rectifier virtual inertia and damping characteristics. The instantaneous value of grid voltage feed-forward is introduced to restrain the current impact at the moment of voltage drop and improve the dynamic performance of the system. For the control strategy of DC/DC interface, targeting the control of active power, active power frequency drooping control equation is used to realize the active power response function. When the voltage and frequency of the power grid are abnormal, the VSM control strategy can maintain the DC side output voltage of the rectifier device, and can carry the load in the fault state, which ensures the stability of the load.
引文
[1]吕志鹏.虚拟同步机技术构建“源-网-荷”友好互动新模式[J].供用电,2017,34(2):32-34,27.LüZhipeng.New pattern of source-grid-load friendly interaction based on virtual synchronous machine technology[J].Distribution&Utilization,2017,34(2):32-34,27.
[2]任德江,吴杰康.“源-网-荷-储”协同的园区微电网优化调度[J].广东电力,2018,31(7):16-23.REN Dejiang,WU Jiekang.Optimized dispatching for park microgrid considering source-grid-load-storage coordination[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2018,31(7):16-23.
[3]祝钧,李瑞生,毋炳鑫,等.交直流混合微电网接口变换器虚拟同步发电机控制方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(11):28-34.ZHU Jun,LI Ruisheng,WU Bingxin,et al.Virtual synchronous generator operation of interlinking converter between AC and DC microgrids[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(11):28-34.
[4]丁明,杨向真,苏建徽.基于虚拟同步发电机思想的微电网逆变电源控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(8):89-93.DING Ming,YANG Xiangzhen,SU Jianhui.Control strategies of inverters based on virtual synchronous generator in a microgrid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(8):89-93.
[5]ZHONG Q C,WEISS G.Synchronverters:inverters that mimic synchronous generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(4):1259-1267.
[6]张玉治,张辉,贺大为,等.具有同步发电机特性的微电网逆变器控制[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(7):261-268.ZHANG Yuzhi,ZHANG Hui,HE Dawei,et al.Control strategy of micro grid converters with synchronous generator characteristic[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(7):261-268.
[7]张伟,曹良,崔健,等.基于模糊控制与扩张状态观测器的VSG电压治理策略[J].供用电,2018,35(12):1-7,49.ZHANG Wei,CAO Liang,CUI Jian,et al.VSG voltage management strategy based on fuzzy control and extended state observer[J].Distribution&Utilization,2018,35(12):1-7,49.
[8]洪灏灏,顾伟,潘静,等.具有延时开关特性的多VSG微电网频率恢复控制策略[J].供用电,2019,36(4):18-23.HONG Haohao,GU Wei,PAN Jing,et al.Frequency recovery control strategies with delayed switching characteristics for microgrid with multiple VSG units[J].Distribution&Utilization,2019,36(4):18-23.
[9]钟庆昌.虚拟同步机与自主电力系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):336-349.ZHONG Qingchang.Virtual synchronous machines and autonomous power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):336-349.
[10]吕志鹏,梁英,曾正,等.应用虚拟同步电机技术的电动汽车快充控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(25):4287-4294.LüZhipeng,LIANG Ying,ZENG Zheng,et al.Virtual synchronous motor based control scheme of fast charger for electric vehicle application[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(25):4287-4294.
[11]胡文强,吴在军,窦晓波,等.负荷虚拟同步机及其低电压故障穿越控制[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):100-107.HU Wenqiang,WU Zaijun,DOU Xiaobo,et al.Load virtual synchronous machine and its low voltage ride-through control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(9):100-107.
[12]吕志鹏,蒋雯倩,单杨,等.基于负荷虚拟同步机的三相电压型PWM整流器[J].供用电,2017,34(4):47-51.LüZhipeng,JIANG Wenqian,SHAN Yang,et al.Three phase boos type PWM rectifier based on virtual synchronous machine technology[J].Distribution&Utilization,2017,34(4):47-51.
[13]范红,董伟杰,白晓民,等.基于虚拟同步电动机技术的变频器控制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(15):4446-4453,4586.FAN Hong,DONG Weijie,BAI Xaiomin,et al.A novel frequencyconverter control strategy based on virtual synchronous motors[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(15):4446-4453,4586.
[14]周珊,吕志鹏,吴鸣,等.虚拟同步机技术在电动汽车充电桩中的应用[J].供用电,2019,36(4):24-30.ZHOU Shan,LüZhipeng,WU Ming,et al.The application of virtual synchronous generator technology in electric vehicle charging pile[J].Distribution&Utilization,2019,36(4):24-30.
[15]刘国宇,蔺圣杰,吴鸣,等.虚拟同步机示范工程综述[J].供用电,2019,36(4):37-42.LIU Guoyu,LIN Shengjie,WU Ming,et al.Summary of virtual synchronous machine technology demonstration project[J].Distribution&Utilization,2019,36(4):37-42.
[16]刘宁宁,曹炜,赵晋斌.直流微电网的一种增量式下垂控制方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(8):24-30.LIU Ningning,CAO Wei,ZHAO Jinbin.An incremental droop control method for DC micro-grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(8):24-30.
[17]张宸宇,杨赟,袁晓冬,等.考虑阻尼和惯性的虚拟同步机建模方法研究[J].电力工程技术,2018,37(5):45-49.ZHANG Chenyu,YANG Yun,YUAN Xiaodong,et al.Modeling method of virtual synchronous machine considering damping and inertia[J].Electric Power Engineering Technology,2018,37(5):45-49.
[18]蔡晓峰,张鸿博,李鑫.合并有源滤波功能的虚拟同步发电机控制策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(24):126-134.CAI Xiaofeng,ZHANG Hongbo,LI Xin.Control strategy of virtual synchronous generator combined with active power filter[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(24):126-134.
[19]吴云亮,肖峥,闫秉科,等.微电网协调频率和电压控制策略研究[J].陕西电力,2017,45(2):15-20.WU YUNLIANG,XIAO Zheng,YAN Bingke,et al.Coordinated frequency and voltage control strategy for microgrid[J].Shaanxi Electric Power,2017,45(2):15-20.
[20]尚磊,胡家兵,袁小明,等.电网对称故障下虚拟同步发电机建模与改进控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):403-412.SHANG Lei,HU Jiabing,YUAN Xiaoming,et al.Modeling and improved control of virtual synchronous generators under symmetrical faults of grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):403-412.
[2]任德江,吴杰康.“源-网-荷-储”协同的园区微电网优化调度[J].广东电力,2018,31(7):16-23.REN Dejiang,WU Jiekang.Optimized dispatching for park microgrid considering source-grid-load-storage coordination[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2018,31(7):16-23.
[3]祝钧,李瑞生,毋炳鑫,等.交直流混合微电网接口变换器虚拟同步发电机控制方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(11):28-34.ZHU Jun,LI Ruisheng,WU Bingxin,et al.Virtual synchronous generator operation of interlinking converter between AC and DC microgrids[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(11):28-34.
[4]丁明,杨向真,苏建徽.基于虚拟同步发电机思想的微电网逆变电源控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(8):89-93.DING Ming,YANG Xiangzhen,SU Jianhui.Control strategies of inverters based on virtual synchronous generator in a microgrid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(8):89-93.
[5]ZHONG Q C,WEISS G.Synchronverters:inverters that mimic synchronous generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(4):1259-1267.
[6]张玉治,张辉,贺大为,等.具有同步发电机特性的微电网逆变器控制[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(7):261-268.ZHANG Yuzhi,ZHANG Hui,HE Dawei,et al.Control strategy of micro grid converters with synchronous generator characteristic[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(7):261-268.
[7]张伟,曹良,崔健,等.基于模糊控制与扩张状态观测器的VSG电压治理策略[J].供用电,2018,35(12):1-7,49.ZHANG Wei,CAO Liang,CUI Jian,et al.VSG voltage management strategy based on fuzzy control and extended state observer[J].Distribution&Utilization,2018,35(12):1-7,49.
[8]洪灏灏,顾伟,潘静,等.具有延时开关特性的多VSG微电网频率恢复控制策略[J].供用电,2019,36(4):18-23.HONG Haohao,GU Wei,PAN Jing,et al.Frequency recovery control strategies with delayed switching characteristics for microgrid with multiple VSG units[J].Distribution&Utilization,2019,36(4):18-23.
[9]钟庆昌.虚拟同步机与自主电力系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):336-349.ZHONG Qingchang.Virtual synchronous machines and autonomous power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):336-349.
[10]吕志鹏,梁英,曾正,等.应用虚拟同步电机技术的电动汽车快充控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(25):4287-4294.LüZhipeng,LIANG Ying,ZENG Zheng,et al.Virtual synchronous motor based control scheme of fast charger for electric vehicle application[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(25):4287-4294.
[11]胡文强,吴在军,窦晓波,等.负荷虚拟同步机及其低电压故障穿越控制[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):100-107.HU Wenqiang,WU Zaijun,DOU Xiaobo,et al.Load virtual synchronous machine and its low voltage ride-through control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(9):100-107.
[12]吕志鹏,蒋雯倩,单杨,等.基于负荷虚拟同步机的三相电压型PWM整流器[J].供用电,2017,34(4):47-51.LüZhipeng,JIANG Wenqian,SHAN Yang,et al.Three phase boos type PWM rectifier based on virtual synchronous machine technology[J].Distribution&Utilization,2017,34(4):47-51.
[13]范红,董伟杰,白晓民,等.基于虚拟同步电动机技术的变频器控制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(15):4446-4453,4586.FAN Hong,DONG Weijie,BAI Xaiomin,et al.A novel frequencyconverter control strategy based on virtual synchronous motors[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(15):4446-4453,4586.
[14]周珊,吕志鹏,吴鸣,等.虚拟同步机技术在电动汽车充电桩中的应用[J].供用电,2019,36(4):24-30.ZHOU Shan,LüZhipeng,WU Ming,et al.The application of virtual synchronous generator technology in electric vehicle charging pile[J].Distribution&Utilization,2019,36(4):24-30.
[15]刘国宇,蔺圣杰,吴鸣,等.虚拟同步机示范工程综述[J].供用电,2019,36(4):37-42.LIU Guoyu,LIN Shengjie,WU Ming,et al.Summary of virtual synchronous machine technology demonstration project[J].Distribution&Utilization,2019,36(4):37-42.
[16]刘宁宁,曹炜,赵晋斌.直流微电网的一种增量式下垂控制方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(8):24-30.LIU Ningning,CAO Wei,ZHAO Jinbin.An incremental droop control method for DC micro-grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(8):24-30.
[17]张宸宇,杨赟,袁晓冬,等.考虑阻尼和惯性的虚拟同步机建模方法研究[J].电力工程技术,2018,37(5):45-49.ZHANG Chenyu,YANG Yun,YUAN Xiaodong,et al.Modeling method of virtual synchronous machine considering damping and inertia[J].Electric Power Engineering Technology,2018,37(5):45-49.
[18]蔡晓峰,张鸿博,李鑫.合并有源滤波功能的虚拟同步发电机控制策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(24):126-134.CAI Xiaofeng,ZHANG Hongbo,LI Xin.Control strategy of virtual synchronous generator combined with active power filter[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(24):126-134.
[19]吴云亮,肖峥,闫秉科,等.微电网协调频率和电压控制策略研究[J].陕西电力,2017,45(2):15-20.WU YUNLIANG,XIAO Zheng,YAN Bingke,et al.Coordinated frequency and voltage control strategy for microgrid[J].Shaanxi Electric Power,2017,45(2):15-20.
[20]尚磊,胡家兵,袁小明,等.电网对称故障下虚拟同步发电机建模与改进控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):403-412.SHANG Lei,HU Jiabing,YUAN Xiaoming,et al.Modeling and improved control of virtual synchronous generators under symmetrical faults of grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):403-412.