玉米田养鹅系统物种多样性指数与杂草生物量关系研究
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摘要
试验对农牧一体化方式下玉米田养鹅模式和传统种植模式的田间杂草群落进行对比研究,统计分析放牧前各杂草的生物多样性指数和地上生物量,初步探讨玉米田养鹅模式下物种多样性指数与杂草生物量之间关系。研究结果表明,萝北、林芝两地Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Margalef物种丰富度指数与地上生物量指标之间均显著相关(P<0.05),说明玉米田养鹅系统群落物种多样性与生产力之间紧密相关,物种多样性的增加可明显提高地上生物量。萝北玉米田养鹅处理玉米产量较对照降低17.73%,处理间差异不显著(P>0.05);林芝玉米田养鹅处理下玉米产量较对照降低40.64%,处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。
The relationship of field weed diversity and its aboveground biomass was studied in an agro-pastoral integration system of raising geese in cornfield in this paper. Field trials were conducted in Luobie, Heilongjiang,China and Linzhi, Xizang, China. There were two treatments, one was CK, spraying herbicides in cornfield in the middle of maize growth; the other was raising geese in cornfield from maize middle growth stage, without weed con-trol. Weed community characteristics(diversity indices and aboveground biomass) were evaluated just before apply-ing herbicide or breeding goose at maize middle growing stage, and maize yield were also analyzed after harvest. The results showed that weed diversity indices of Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Margalef were significantly correlated with its aboveground biomass(P<0.05), that is, the increases in weed diversity could significantly increase weed aboveg-round biomass. In addition, raising geese in corn field patterns reduced corn yield compared to that of CK, with maize yield were decreased by 17.73 and 40.64% in Luobei and Linzhi, respectively. In Luobei, the maize yield dif-ference between treatments was not significant(P>0.05), while the difference in Linzhi reached significant level(P<0.05).
The relationship of field weed diversity and its aboveground biomass was studied in an agro-pastoral integration system of raising geese in cornfield in this paper. Field trials were conducted in Luobie, Heilongjiang,China and Linzhi, Xizang, China. There were two treatments, one was CK, spraying herbicides in cornfield in the middle of maize growth; the other was raising geese in cornfield from maize middle growth stage, without weed con-trol. Weed community characteristics(diversity indices and aboveground biomass) were evaluated just before apply-ing herbicide or breeding goose at maize middle growing stage, and maize yield were also analyzed after harvest. The results showed that weed diversity indices of Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Margalef were significantly correlated with its aboveground biomass(P<0.05), that is, the increases in weed diversity could significantly increase weed aboveg-round biomass. In addition, raising geese in corn field patterns reduced corn yield compared to that of CK, with maize yield were decreased by 17.73 and 40.64% in Luobei and Linzhi, respectively. In Luobei, the maize yield dif-ference between treatments was not significant(P>0.05), while the difference in Linzhi reached significant level(P<0.05).
引文
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[17]侯向阳.农业生态系统的稳定机制[J].生态学杂志,1990(6):42-44.Hou X Y.Meehanism of Stability of Agroeeosystem[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,1990(6):42-44.(in Chinese)
[2]王海东,张璐璐,朱志红.刈割、施肥对高寒草甸物种多样性与生态系统功能关系的影响及群落稳定性机制[J].植物生态学报,2013,37(4):279-295.Wang H D,Zhang L L,Zhu Z H.Effects of clipping and fertilizing on the relationships between species diversity and ecosystem functioning and mechanisms of community stability in alpine meadow[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2013,37(4):279-295.(in Chinese)
[3]Kropff M J,Spitters C J T.A simple model of crop loss by weed competition from early observationson relative leaf area of the weeds[J].Weed Research,1991,31(2):97-105.
[4]Bharadwaj L,Dhami K,Schneberger D,et al.Altered gene expression in human hepatoma Hep G2 cells exposed to low-level 2,4-dichloro phenox yacetic acid and potassium nitrate[J].Toxicol In Vitro,2005,19(5):603-619.
[5]Egan J F,Barlow K M,Mortensen D A.A Meta-Analysis on the Effects of 2,4-D and Dicamba Drift on Soybean and Cotton[J].Weed Science,2014,62(1):193-206.
[6]关法春,王超.“农牧一体化”理论的原理[J].西藏农牧学院学报,2011,1(1):42-45.Guan F C,Wang C.The principle of“agro-pastoral integration system”theory[J].Journal of Tibet University,2011,1(1):42-45.(in Chinese)
[7]Sha Z P,Guan F C,Wang J F,et al.Evaluation of raising geese in cornfields based on emergy analysis:A case study in southeastern Tibet,China[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,84:485-491.
[8]沙志鹏,王军峰,关法春,等.西藏东南缘农牧复合系统-玉米田放牧鹅的生物多样性和经济效益分析[J].草地学报,2014,22(1):213-216.Sha Z P,Wang J F,Guan F C,et al.The Agri-pastoral compound ecosystem of southeast Tibet-analyses of biodiversity and economic benefits of raising geese in cornfields[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2014,22(1):213-216.(in Chinese)
[9]张宇阳,王军峰,沙志鹏,等.“农牧一体化”下玉米田杂草多样性及玉米生长状况[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2014,40(6):638-646.Zhang Y Y,Wang J F,Sha Z P,et al.Weeds biodiversity and maize growth in agro-pastoral integration system[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture&Life Sciences),2014,40(6):638-646.(in Chinese)
[10]关法春,沙志鹏,王军峰,等.不同养殖场地时空特征下的鹅生长发育状况[J].草地学报,2014,22(1):213-216.Guan F C,Sha Z P,Wang J F,et al.Growth and development of goose under different spatiotemporal characteristics[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2014,22(1):213-216.(in Chinese)
[11]Guan F C,Sha Z P,Zhang Y Y.Emergy assessment of three home courtyard agriculture production systems in Tibet[J].Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B,2016,17(8):628-639.
[12]Zhang Y Y,Sha P,Guan F C,et al.Impacts of geese on weed communities in corn production systems and associated with economic benefits[J].Biological Control,2016,99:47-52.
[13]Derksen D A,Thomas A G,Lafond G P,et al.Impact of post-emergence herbicides on weed community diversity within conservationtillage systems[J].Weed Research,1995,35(4):311-320.
[14]Mahn E G.Structural changes of weed communities and populations[J].Plant Ecology,1984,58(2):79-85.
[15]Robertson G P,Vitousek P M.Nitrification potentials in primary and secondary succession[J].Ecology,1981,62(2):376-386.
[16]谷艳芳,胡楠,丁圣彦,等.开封地区不同土地利用方式农田杂草群落结构及动态[J].生态学报,2007(4):1359-1367.Gu Y F,Hu N,Ding S Y,et al.Community structure and dynamics of agricultural weeds under different land utilization regmies in Kaifeng area[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007(4):1359-1367.(in Chinese)
[17]侯向阳.农业生态系统的稳定机制[J].生态学杂志,1990(6):42-44.Hou X Y.Meehanism of Stability of Agroeeosystem[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,1990(6):42-44.(in Chinese)