水化学指标和空间距离对乐安江浮游细菌群落的影响
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摘要
为了解乐安江水体浮游细菌群落特征,探讨水化学指标和空间距离对浮游细菌群落的影响,本研究分别于枯水期(2016年12月)和丰水期(2017年7月)对乐安江15个采样点表层水样进行采集.检测了水体NO~-_3-N、 NH~+_4-N、 TP、 DOC、 SO■、 Cl~-、 Cu、 Zn等水化学指标,运用高通量测序技术确定水体浮游细菌群落特征,Mantel Test分析了水化学指标、空间距离(采样点干流长度、平均河网长度、累计河网长度和流域子面积)与细菌群落之间的关系.结果表明:①乐安江水体浮游细菌群落丰富度和多样性丰水期均高于枯水期,丰富度随流向逐渐升高,多样性下游最高,中游最低.②枯水期丰度最高的细菌门类是Proteobacteria,其次是Bacteroidetes和Actinobacteria,枯水期Proteobacteria中下游显著高于上游,Bacteroidetes中下游显著低于上游,Actinobacteria上游显著高于中下游.丰水期丰度最高的细菌门类是Actinobacteria,其次是Proteobacteria和Cyanobacteria,丰水期Actinobacteria丰度先降低后升高,中游丰度显著低于下游,其他河段无显著差异,Proteobacteria丰度随流向逐渐降低,Cyanobacteria丰度中游最高,并且显著高于下游地区.③非淡水细菌占所有细菌丰度的比例沿流向逐渐增加,丰水期均值(62.94%)显著高于枯水期(49.33%).④NO~-_3-N是与浮游细菌群落相关性最高的水化学指标,干流长度是与浮游细菌群落相关性最高的空间距离指标.⑤水化学指标和空间距离与乐安江浮游细菌群落都有显著相关性,并且水化学指标对浮游细菌群落的影响要高于空间距离.本研究为鄱阳湖和乐安江流域水生态环境保护提供了科学依据.
To explore the characteristics of the bacterioplankton and effects of hydrochemistry and space distance on the bacterioplankton community, we collected surface water samples from 15 sampling sites in the Le′an River in the dry season(December 2016) and the wet season(July 2017). We tested the concentrations of NO~-_3-N, NH~+_4-N, TP, DOC, SO■, Cl~-, Cu, Zn and other hydrochemical parameters, and determined the characteristics of the bacterioplankton community using high-throughput sequencing technology. We analyzed the relationships between hydrochemical parameter, spatial distance(mainstream length, average river network length, cumulative river network length and basin area of sampling sites) and bacterioplankton community by Mantel Test. The results showed that: ①The bacterioplankton community′s richness and diversity in the Le′an River were higher in the wet season than in the dry season. The richness increased along the flow direction, and the diversity was the highest in the lower reaches and the lowest in the middle reaches. ②The highest abundance of bacterioplankton phylum in the dry season was Proteobacteria, followed by Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. The abundance of Proteobacteria in the middle and lower reaches was significantly higher than in the upper reaches; the abundance of Bacteroidetes in the middle and lower reaches was significantly lower than in the upper reaches; and the abundance of Actinobacteria in the upper reaches was no significantly higher than in the middle and lower reaches. The highest abundance of bacterioplankton community in the wet season was Actinobacteria, followed by Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria. The abundance of Actinobacteria first decreased and then increased along the flow direction and was significantly lower in the middle reaches than in the lower reaches. The abundance of Proteobacteria gradually decreased along the flow direction. The abundance of Cyanobacteria in the middle reaches was the highest, and was significantly higher than in the lower reaches. ③The proportion of the non-freshwater bacteria increased gradually along the flow direction, and the proportion in the wet season(62.94%) was significantly higher than in the dry season(49.33%). ④NO~-_3-N was the best parameter in the hydrochemical parameters explaining the dynamics of bacterioplankton community, and the mainstream length was the best parameter in the spatial distance variables. ⑤Both the hydrochemical parameter and the spatial distance significantly affected the distribution of bacterioplankton community in the Le′an River, and the influence of water chemistry was higher than that of the spatial distance. This study provides a scientific basis for the water ecological environment protection in the Le′an River Basin and Poyang Lake.
To explore the characteristics of the bacterioplankton and effects of hydrochemistry and space distance on the bacterioplankton community, we collected surface water samples from 15 sampling sites in the Le′an River in the dry season(December 2016) and the wet season(July 2017). We tested the concentrations of NO~-_3-N, NH~+_4-N, TP, DOC, SO■, Cl~-, Cu, Zn and other hydrochemical parameters, and determined the characteristics of the bacterioplankton community using high-throughput sequencing technology. We analyzed the relationships between hydrochemical parameter, spatial distance(mainstream length, average river network length, cumulative river network length and basin area of sampling sites) and bacterioplankton community by Mantel Test. The results showed that: ①The bacterioplankton community′s richness and diversity in the Le′an River were higher in the wet season than in the dry season. The richness increased along the flow direction, and the diversity was the highest in the lower reaches and the lowest in the middle reaches. ②The highest abundance of bacterioplankton phylum in the dry season was Proteobacteria, followed by Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. The abundance of Proteobacteria in the middle and lower reaches was significantly higher than in the upper reaches; the abundance of Bacteroidetes in the middle and lower reaches was significantly lower than in the upper reaches; and the abundance of Actinobacteria in the upper reaches was no significantly higher than in the middle and lower reaches. The highest abundance of bacterioplankton community in the wet season was Actinobacteria, followed by Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria. The abundance of Actinobacteria first decreased and then increased along the flow direction and was significantly lower in the middle reaches than in the lower reaches. The abundance of Proteobacteria gradually decreased along the flow direction. The abundance of Cyanobacteria in the middle reaches was the highest, and was significantly higher than in the lower reaches. ③The proportion of the non-freshwater bacteria increased gradually along the flow direction, and the proportion in the wet season(62.94%) was significantly higher than in the dry season(49.33%). ④NO~-_3-N was the best parameter in the hydrochemical parameters explaining the dynamics of bacterioplankton community, and the mainstream length was the best parameter in the spatial distance variables. ⑤Both the hydrochemical parameter and the spatial distance significantly affected the distribution of bacterioplankton community in the Le′an River, and the influence of water chemistry was higher than that of the spatial distance. This study provides a scientific basis for the water ecological environment protection in the Le′an River Basin and Poyang Lake.
引文
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Oksanen J,Kindt R,Legendre P,et al.2010.The Vegan Package:Community Ecology Package [EB/OL].http://vegan.r-forge.r-project.org/
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Staley C,Gould T J,Wang P,et al.2015.Species sorting and seasonal dynamics primarily shape bacterial communities in the Upper Mississippi River [J].Science of the Total Environment,505(2015):435-445
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Wang P,Chen B,Yuan R,et al.2016.Characteristics of aquatic bacterial community and the influencing factors in an urban river [J].Science of the Total Environment,569-570(2016):382-389
夏雨,鄢帮有,方豫.2015.鄱阳湖区乐安河流域营养盐负荷影响因素分析[J].湖泊科学,27(2):282-288
徐慧敏,刘为锋,吴燕,等.2016.南京内秦淮河浮游细菌群落结构分析[J].环境科学与技术,39(S1):1-5
于洋,王晓燕,张鹏飞.2012.北运河水体浮游细菌群落的空间分布特征及其与水质的关系[J].生态毒理学报,7(3):337-344
张杰,陈熙,刘倩纯,等.2014.鄱阳湖主要入湖口重金属的分布及潜在风险评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,23(1):95-100
Burkert U,Warnecke F,Babenzien D,et al.2003.Members of a readily enriched β-proteobacterial clade are common in surface waters of a Humic Lake [J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,69(11):6550-6559
陈波,王鹏,张华.2016.鄱阳湖水体氮磷污染研究进展 [J].江西师范大学学报(自然科学版),40(4):437-441
陈兆进,陈海燕,李玉英,等.2017.南水北调中线干渠(河南段)浮游细菌群落组成及影响因素 [J].中国环境科学,37(4):1505-1513
Cole J J,Prairie Y T,Caraco N F,et al.2007.Plumbing the global carbon cycle:integrating inland waters into the terrestrial carbon budget [J].Ecosystems,10(1):172-185
Crump B C,Amaral-Zettler L A,Kling G W.2012.Microbial diversity in arctic freshwaters is structured by inoculation of microbes from soils[J].The ISME Journal,6(9):1629-1639
Dennis K L,Wang Y,Blatner N R,et al.2013.Adenomatous polyps are driven by microbe-instigated focal inflammation and are controlled by IL-10 producing T-cells [J].Cancer Research,73(19):5905-5913
丁珵,常玉梅,杨琦,等.2012.我国东北典型河流冰封期细菌多样性的研究——以松花江为例[J].环境科学学报,32(6):1415-1423
Findlay S.2010.Stream microbial ecology [J].Journal of the North American Benthological Society,29(1):170-181
Fortunato C S,Herfort L,Zuber P,et al.2012.Spatial variability overwhelms seasonal patterns in bacterioplankton communities across a river to ocean gradient [J].The ISME Journal,6(3):554-563
Haukka K,Kolmonen E,Hyder R,et al.2006.Effect of nutrient loading on bacterioplankton community composition in lake mesocosms [J].Microbial Ecology,51(2):137-146
Hu Y,Cai J,Bai C,et al.2018.Contrasting patterns of the bacterial and archaeal communities in a high-elevation river in northwestern China [J].Journal of Microbiology,56(2):104-112
Ibekwe A M,Ma J,Murinda S E.2016.Bacterial community composition and structure in an Urban River impacted by different pollutant sources [J].Science of the Total Environment,566-567(2016):1176-1185
Isobe K,Ohte N.2014.Ecological perspectives on microbes involved in N-cycling [J].Microbes and Environments,29(1):4-16
Jones S E,Newton R J,Mcmahon K D.2009.Evidence for structuring of bacterial community composition by organic carbon source in temperate lakes [J].Environmental Microbiology,11(9):2463-2472
Leibold M A,Holyoak M,Mouquet N,et al.2004.The metacommunity concept:a framework for multi-scale community ecology [J].Ecology Letters,7(7):601-613
Liu L,Yang J,Yu X,et al.2013.Patterns in the composition of microbial communities from a subtropical river:effects of environmental,spatial and temporal factors [J].PLoS ONE,8(11):e81232
刘睿,吴巍,周孝德,等.2017.渭河浮游细菌群落结构特征及其关键驱动因子 [J].环境科学学报,37(3):934-944
Ma L,Mao G,Liu J,et al.2016.Spatial-temporal changes of bacterioplankton community along an exhorheic river [J].Frontiers in Microbiology,7:1-12
Newton R J,Jones S E,Eiler A,et al.2011.A guide to the natural history of freshwater lake bacteria [J].Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews,75(1):14-49
Niňo-García J P,Ruiz-González C,Del Giorgio P A.2016.Interactions between hydrology and water chemistry shape bacterioplankton biogeography across boreal freshwater networks[J].The ISME Journal,10(7):1755-1766
Okogwu O I,Ugwumba A O.2009.Cyanobacteria abundance and its relationship to water quality in the Mid-Cross River floodplain,Nigeria [J].Revista De Biología Tropical,57(1/2):33-43
Oksanen J,Kindt R,Legendre P,et al.2010.The Vegan Package:Community Ecology Package [EB/OL].http://vegan.r-forge.r-project.org/
Read D S,Gweon H S,Bowes M J,et al.2015.Catchment-scale biogeography of riverine bacterioplankton [J].The ISME Journal,9(2):516-526
Savio D,Sinclair L,Ijaz U Z,et al.2015.Bacterial diversity along a 2600 km river continuum [J].Environmental Microbiology,17(12):4994-5007
Staley C,Gould T J,Wang P,et al.2015.Species sorting and seasonal dynamics primarily shape bacterial communities in the Upper Mississippi River [J].Science of the Total Environment,505(2015):435-445
Tian J,Zhu D,Wang J,et al.2018.Environmental factors driving fungal distribution in freshwater lake sediments across the Headwater Region of the Yellow River,China [J].Scientific Reports,8(1):3768
Wang P,Chen B,Yuan R,et al.2016.Characteristics of aquatic bacterial community and the influencing factors in an urban river [J].Science of the Total Environment,569-570(2016):382-389
夏雨,鄢帮有,方豫.2015.鄱阳湖区乐安河流域营养盐负荷影响因素分析[J].湖泊科学,27(2):282-288
徐慧敏,刘为锋,吴燕,等.2016.南京内秦淮河浮游细菌群落结构分析[J].环境科学与技术,39(S1):1-5
于洋,王晓燕,张鹏飞.2012.北运河水体浮游细菌群落的空间分布特征及其与水质的关系[J].生态毒理学报,7(3):337-344
张杰,陈熙,刘倩纯,等.2014.鄱阳湖主要入湖口重金属的分布及潜在风险评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,23(1):95-100