耦合目标接近度和边际分析原理的梯级水电站多目标优化调度方法
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摘要
梯级水电站群多目标优化调度及决策一直是水电调度的关键问题。该文通过引入目标正负理想点构造相对目标接近度优化模型,以高效处理多目标优化;提出复杂调度约束处理策略,并耦合遗传算法进行模型求解,确定不同目标权重系数的最优解集。以此为基础,提出一种基于经济学边际分析原理的多目标决策方法,引入边际效益和边际成本分别表征调峰和通航目标函数值随权重系数的变化关系。依据经济学利润最大化规律,对权重系数进行边际分析最终确定效益主导区、成本主导区、以及均衡区,给出多目标决策依据。以澜沧江下游梯级水电站为依托工程,开展模型应用测试,所得结果切实可行、能够兼顾多目标需求,同时减少多目标决策传统方法的主观臆断性。
The multi-objective optimal operation and decision-making of cascade hydropower stations is always a key problem in hydropower dispatching. In this paper, an objective adjacent scale optimization model was constructed by introducing positive and negative ideal point to deal with multi-objective optimization efficiently; The genetic algorithm coupled with complex operation constraints processing strategies was used to solve the model. As a result, the optimal solution set of different target weight coefficients was determined. Based on the results, a method of multi-objective decision making based on the principle of marginal analysis of economic was proposed, which introduces marginal revenue and marginal cost to characterize the relationship between target function values of peak load regulation and navigation with the change of weight coefficient. According to the law of economic profit maximization, the marginal analysis of the weight coefficient was carried out, finally the revenue-dominating area, the cost-dominating area and the equilibrium area were determined, which give the multi-objective decision making basis. Taking cascade hydropower stations in the lower reaches of the Langcang River as the background, the model simulation test was executed in this paper. The feasible results show that the proposed method can meet the demands for multiple objectives, and lessen the subjective assumption of the traditional multi-objective decision making method.
The multi-objective optimal operation and decision-making of cascade hydropower stations is always a key problem in hydropower dispatching. In this paper, an objective adjacent scale optimization model was constructed by introducing positive and negative ideal point to deal with multi-objective optimization efficiently; The genetic algorithm coupled with complex operation constraints processing strategies was used to solve the model. As a result, the optimal solution set of different target weight coefficients was determined. Based on the results, a method of multi-objective decision making based on the principle of marginal analysis of economic was proposed, which introduces marginal revenue and marginal cost to characterize the relationship between target function values of peak load regulation and navigation with the change of weight coefficient. According to the law of economic profit maximization, the marginal analysis of the weight coefficient was carried out, finally the revenue-dominating area, the cost-dominating area and the equilibrium area were determined, which give the multi-objective decision making basis. Taking cascade hydropower stations in the lower reaches of the Langcang River as the background, the model simulation test was executed in this paper. The feasible results show that the proposed method can meet the demands for multiple objectives, and lessen the subjective assumption of the traditional multi-objective decision making method.
引文
[1]吴杰康,郭壮志,丁国强.采用梯级水电站动态弃水策略的多目标短期优化调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(4):15-23.Wu Jiekang,Guo Zhuangzhi,Ding Guoqiang.Short term multi-objective optimization scheduling with dynamic water spillage strategy for cascade hydroelectric plants[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(4):15-23(in Chinese).
[2]Bizzi S,Pianosi F,Soncini-Sessa R.Valuing hydrological alteration in multi-objective water resources management[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,472-473:277-286.
[3]Yu Xiang,Sun Hui,Wang Hui,et al.Multi-objective sustainable operation of the three gorges cascaded hydropower system using multi-swarm comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization[J].Energies,2016,9(6):438.
[4]程春田,武新宇,申建建,等.大规模水电站群短期优化调度方法Ⅰ:总体概述[J].水利学报,2011,42(9):1017-1024.Cheng Chuntian,Wu Xinyu,Shen Jianjian,et al.Short-term optimal operation methods of large-scale hydropower plantsⅠ.General overview[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2011,42(9):1017-1024(in Chinese).
[5]Ackermann T,Loucks D P,Schwanenberg D,et al.Real-time modeling for navigation and hydropower in the river mosel[J].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,2000,126(5):298-303.
[6]Jager H I,Smith B T.Sustainable reservoir operation:Can we generate hydropower and preserve ecosystem values?[J].River Research and Applications,2008,24(3):340-352.
[7]Zhang Xueqing,Yu Xiang,Qin Hui.Optimal operation of multi-reservoir hydropower systems using enhanced comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization[J].Journal of Hydro-Environment Research,2016,10:50-63.
[8]Cohon J L,Marks D H.A review and evaluation of multiobjective programing techniques[J].Water Resources Research,1975,11(2):208-220.
[9]吴杰康,郭壮志.基于仿电磁学算法的梯级水电站多目标短期优化调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(31):14-21.Wu Jiekang,Guo Zhuangzhi.Electromagnetism-like mechanism based multi-objective short-term optimization scheduling for cascade hydro plants[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(31):14-21(in Chinese).
[10]彭杨,纪昌明,刘方.梯级水库水沙联合优化调度多目标决策模型及应用[J].水利学报,2013,44(11):1272-1277.Peng Yang,Ji Changming,Liu Fang.Multi-objective optimization model for coordinative dispatch of water and sediment in cascade reservoirs[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(11):1272-1277(in Chinese).
[11]董子敖.水库群调度与规划的优化理论和应用[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,1989:378-381.Dong Ziao.The optimization theory and application in scheduling and planning reservoirs[M].Jinan:Shandong Science and Technology Press,1989:378-381(in Chinese).
[12]胡国强,贺仁睦.梯级水电站多目标模糊优化调度模型及其求解方法[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(1):154-158.Hu Guoqiang,He Renmu.Model and algorithm of multi-objective fuzzy optimal scheduling for cascaded hydroelectric power plant[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(1):154-158(in Chinese).
[13]牛文静,申建建,程春田,等.耦合调峰和通航需求的梯级水电站多目标优化调度混合搜索方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(9):2331-2341.Niu Wenjing,Shen Jianjian,Cheng Chuntian,et al.Ahybrid search method for multi-objective optimization operations of cascaded hydropower plants with peak load regulation and navigation demands[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(9):2331-2341(in Chinese).
[14]周建中,李英海,肖舸,等.基于混合粒子群算法的梯级水电站多目标优化调度[J].水利学报,2010,41(10):1212-1219.Zhou Jianzhong,Li Yinghai,Xiao Ge,et al.Multi-objective optimal dispatch of cascade hydropower stations based on shuffled particle swarm operation algorithm[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2010,41(10):1212-1219(in Chinese).
[15]Reddy M J,Kumar D N.Optimal reservoir operation using multi-objective evolutionary algorithm[J].Water Resources Management,2006,20(6):861-878.
[16]Reddy M J,Nagesh Kumar D.Multi-objective particle swarm optimization for generating optimal trade-offs in reservoir operation[J].Hydrological Processes,2007,21(21):2897-2909.
[17]Dai Lingquan,Zhang Peipei,Wang Yu,et al.Multi-objective optimization of cascade reservoirs using NSGA-II:A case study of the Three Gorges-Gezhouba cascade reservoirs in the middle Yangtze River,China[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment:An International Journal,2017,23(4):814-835.
[18]郭惠东,王玮,夏明超.海上风电机群维修排程在线多目标决策模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(7):1993-2000.Guo Huidong,Wang Wei,Xia Mingchao.On-line multi-objective decision model for the maintenance scheduling of offshore wind turbine group[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(7):1993-2000(in Chinese).
[19]申建建,程春田,李卫东,等.复杂时段耦合型约束水电站群短期变尺度优化调度方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):87-95.Shen Jianjian,Cheng Chuntian,Li Weidong,et al.Amutative-scale optimization method for short-term operation of hydropower plants with complex temporal coupling constraints[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):87-95(in Chinese).
[20]鲁子林.梯级水电站发电航运优化模型[J].水利学报,1991(7):60-66.Lu Zilin.The optimization model of cascade hydropower stations for power and navigation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1991(7):60-66(in Chinese).
[21]陈森林.水电站水库运行与调度[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008:39-40.Chen Senlin.Hydro power operation and scheduling[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2008:39-40(in Chinese).
[22]宋海洲.基于相对目标接近度的多目标决策方法及其应用[J].数学的实践与认识,2004,34(5):30-36.Song Haizhou.A method based on objective adjacent scale for multi-objective decision-making and its application[J].Mathematics in Practice and Theory,2004,34(5):30-36(in Chinese).
[23]曼昆.经济学原理:微观经济学分册[M].6版.梁小民,梁砾,译.北京:北京大学出版社,2012:288-289.Mankiw N G.Principles of economics:microeconomics[M].6th Edition.Liang Xiaomin,Liang Li,translated.Beijing:Peking University Press,2012:288-289(in Chinese).
[2]Bizzi S,Pianosi F,Soncini-Sessa R.Valuing hydrological alteration in multi-objective water resources management[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,472-473:277-286.
[3]Yu Xiang,Sun Hui,Wang Hui,et al.Multi-objective sustainable operation of the three gorges cascaded hydropower system using multi-swarm comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization[J].Energies,2016,9(6):438.
[4]程春田,武新宇,申建建,等.大规模水电站群短期优化调度方法Ⅰ:总体概述[J].水利学报,2011,42(9):1017-1024.Cheng Chuntian,Wu Xinyu,Shen Jianjian,et al.Short-term optimal operation methods of large-scale hydropower plantsⅠ.General overview[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2011,42(9):1017-1024(in Chinese).
[5]Ackermann T,Loucks D P,Schwanenberg D,et al.Real-time modeling for navigation and hydropower in the river mosel[J].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,2000,126(5):298-303.
[6]Jager H I,Smith B T.Sustainable reservoir operation:Can we generate hydropower and preserve ecosystem values?[J].River Research and Applications,2008,24(3):340-352.
[7]Zhang Xueqing,Yu Xiang,Qin Hui.Optimal operation of multi-reservoir hydropower systems using enhanced comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization[J].Journal of Hydro-Environment Research,2016,10:50-63.
[8]Cohon J L,Marks D H.A review and evaluation of multiobjective programing techniques[J].Water Resources Research,1975,11(2):208-220.
[9]吴杰康,郭壮志.基于仿电磁学算法的梯级水电站多目标短期优化调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(31):14-21.Wu Jiekang,Guo Zhuangzhi.Electromagnetism-like mechanism based multi-objective short-term optimization scheduling for cascade hydro plants[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(31):14-21(in Chinese).
[10]彭杨,纪昌明,刘方.梯级水库水沙联合优化调度多目标决策模型及应用[J].水利学报,2013,44(11):1272-1277.Peng Yang,Ji Changming,Liu Fang.Multi-objective optimization model for coordinative dispatch of water and sediment in cascade reservoirs[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(11):1272-1277(in Chinese).
[11]董子敖.水库群调度与规划的优化理论和应用[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,1989:378-381.Dong Ziao.The optimization theory and application in scheduling and planning reservoirs[M].Jinan:Shandong Science and Technology Press,1989:378-381(in Chinese).
[12]胡国强,贺仁睦.梯级水电站多目标模糊优化调度模型及其求解方法[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(1):154-158.Hu Guoqiang,He Renmu.Model and algorithm of multi-objective fuzzy optimal scheduling for cascaded hydroelectric power plant[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(1):154-158(in Chinese).
[13]牛文静,申建建,程春田,等.耦合调峰和通航需求的梯级水电站多目标优化调度混合搜索方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(9):2331-2341.Niu Wenjing,Shen Jianjian,Cheng Chuntian,et al.Ahybrid search method for multi-objective optimization operations of cascaded hydropower plants with peak load regulation and navigation demands[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(9):2331-2341(in Chinese).
[14]周建中,李英海,肖舸,等.基于混合粒子群算法的梯级水电站多目标优化调度[J].水利学报,2010,41(10):1212-1219.Zhou Jianzhong,Li Yinghai,Xiao Ge,et al.Multi-objective optimal dispatch of cascade hydropower stations based on shuffled particle swarm operation algorithm[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2010,41(10):1212-1219(in Chinese).
[15]Reddy M J,Kumar D N.Optimal reservoir operation using multi-objective evolutionary algorithm[J].Water Resources Management,2006,20(6):861-878.
[16]Reddy M J,Nagesh Kumar D.Multi-objective particle swarm optimization for generating optimal trade-offs in reservoir operation[J].Hydrological Processes,2007,21(21):2897-2909.
[17]Dai Lingquan,Zhang Peipei,Wang Yu,et al.Multi-objective optimization of cascade reservoirs using NSGA-II:A case study of the Three Gorges-Gezhouba cascade reservoirs in the middle Yangtze River,China[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment:An International Journal,2017,23(4):814-835.
[18]郭惠东,王玮,夏明超.海上风电机群维修排程在线多目标决策模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(7):1993-2000.Guo Huidong,Wang Wei,Xia Mingchao.On-line multi-objective decision model for the maintenance scheduling of offshore wind turbine group[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(7):1993-2000(in Chinese).
[19]申建建,程春田,李卫东,等.复杂时段耦合型约束水电站群短期变尺度优化调度方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):87-95.Shen Jianjian,Cheng Chuntian,Li Weidong,et al.Amutative-scale optimization method for short-term operation of hydropower plants with complex temporal coupling constraints[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):87-95(in Chinese).
[20]鲁子林.梯级水电站发电航运优化模型[J].水利学报,1991(7):60-66.Lu Zilin.The optimization model of cascade hydropower stations for power and navigation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1991(7):60-66(in Chinese).
[21]陈森林.水电站水库运行与调度[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008:39-40.Chen Senlin.Hydro power operation and scheduling[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2008:39-40(in Chinese).
[22]宋海洲.基于相对目标接近度的多目标决策方法及其应用[J].数学的实践与认识,2004,34(5):30-36.Song Haizhou.A method based on objective adjacent scale for multi-objective decision-making and its application[J].Mathematics in Practice and Theory,2004,34(5):30-36(in Chinese).
[23]曼昆.经济学原理:微观经济学分册[M].6版.梁小民,梁砾,译.北京:北京大学出版社,2012:288-289.Mankiw N G.Principles of economics:microeconomics[M].6th Edition.Liang Xiaomin,Liang Li,translated.Beijing:Peking University Press,2012:288-289(in Chinese).