创业活力促进城市服务业经济增长了吗
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摘要
基于中国城市面板数据,运用系统GMM面板估计方法实证研究创业活力对城市服务业经济增长的影响。在实证研究中,不仅运用全国城市样本展开基准回归分析,还从分地区、分城市规模、分市场开放水平3个方面展开分组估计。研究发现:创业活力显著促进了城市服务业经济增长;东部和中部地区的创业活力对城市服务业经济增长具有显著促进作用,而西部和东北地区创业活力的促进作用则不显著;大城市和中等城市创业活力对服务业经济增长的促进效应高于小城市,特大城市创业活力的促进效应不显著;开放I型城市和开放III型城市创业活力对服务业经济增长的促进效应大于无特区城市。
Based on the city panel data of China, this paper empirically studies the impact of entrepreneurial vitality on the growth of urban service industry by using the system GMM panel estimation method. In the empirical study, it not only uses the national urban samples to carry out the benchmark regression analysis, but also performs group estimation from three aspects, i.e., regions,scales of cities and levels of market opening. The findings show that the entrepreneurial vitality has significantly promoted the economic growth of urban service industry; the entrepreneurial vitality of the eastern and central regions has significantly promoted the economic growth of urban service industry, while the promotion effects in the western and northeastern regions are not significant; the effect of entrepreneurial vitality on service growth in large cities and middle cities is higher than that in small cities, while it is not significant in megacities; the promotion effect of entrepreneurial vitality on economic growth of service industry in open cities of Type I and open cities of Type III is greater than that of cities with no special economic zone.
Based on the city panel data of China, this paper empirically studies the impact of entrepreneurial vitality on the growth of urban service industry by using the system GMM panel estimation method. In the empirical study, it not only uses the national urban samples to carry out the benchmark regression analysis, but also performs group estimation from three aspects, i.e., regions,scales of cities and levels of market opening. The findings show that the entrepreneurial vitality has significantly promoted the economic growth of urban service industry; the entrepreneurial vitality of the eastern and central regions has significantly promoted the economic growth of urban service industry, while the promotion effects in the western and northeastern regions are not significant; the effect of entrepreneurial vitality on service growth in large cities and middle cities is higher than that in small cities, while it is not significant in megacities; the promotion effect of entrepreneurial vitality on economic growth of service industry in open cities of Type I and open cities of Type III is greater than that of cities with no special economic zone.
引文
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[12]李宏彬,李杏,姚先国,张海峰,张俊森.企业家的创业与创新精神对中国经济增长的影响[J].经济研究,2009,(10):99-108.
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[14]钟惠波,刘霞.套利型创业、创新型创业与中国经济增长———基于市场化协同效应的实证研究[J].科技进步与对策,2018,(7):74-81.
[15]赵奉军,高波.创业精神与经济发展的U型关系及其检验[J].经济管理,2009,(4):35-40.
[16]李华晶.知识过滤、创业活动与经济增长———基于我国31个地区的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2010,(7):1001-1007.
[17]蒋含明,王军辉,李非.企业家创业、生产性公共支出与区域经济增长———基于动态空间面板方法的实证研究[J].经济评论,2013,(2):76-84.
[18]陈俊营,张悟移.腐败、创业与经济增长[J].云南财经大学学报,2015,(6):58-66.
[19]明秀南.制度环境、创业与经济增长[J].财经问题研究,2016,(4):11-17.
[20]Georgellis Y.,Wall H. J..What Makes a Region Entrepreneurial? Evidence from Britain[J]. Annals of Regional Science,2000,34(3):385-403.
[21]Audretsch D. B.,Fritsch M..Link Entrepreneurship to Growth:A Case of West Germany[J]. Industry and Innovation,2003,10(1):65-73.
[22]陈哲,杨旭.创业拉动劳动力需求和促进民生经济发展的实证研究[J].东北财经大学学报,2010,(3):43-48.
[23]齐玮娜,张耀辉.创业、知识溢出与区域经济增长差异——基于中国30个省市区面板数据的实证分析[J].经济与管理研究,2014,(9):23-31.
[24]张秀艳,孟宪春.创业资本和创业发展的区域特征———基于创业发展指数(CEDI)的实证研究[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2016,(2):52-61+190-191.
[25]Ebenstein A..Winners and Losers of Multinational Firm Entry into Developing Countries:Evidence from the Special Economic Zones of the People’s Republic of China[J].Ssrn Electronic Journal,2012,29(1):29-56.
[26]柯善咨,赵曜.产业结构、城市规模与中国城市生产率[J].经济研究,2014,(4):76-88,115.
[27]孙浦阳,韩帅,许启钦.产业集聚对劳动生产率的动态影响[J].世界经济,2013,(3):33-53.
(1)对于四大地区以及下文不同规模城市历年(2003—2016)创业活力的均值,有需求的读者可向作者索取。
(1)本文对城市规模类型的划分和数据来源在下文《五、计量实证研究》的第三节做介绍。
(1)为了与实证分析的时间范围保持一致,本数据库中国家级经济政策的统计时间截至2016年底。
(1)其中,由于超大城市个数很少,不宜进行稳健估计,本文把按照2014年城市规模新标准划分的超大城市与特大城市合并为特大城市。
[2]Drucker P. F..Innovation and Entrepreneurship:Practice and Principles[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,1985,4(1):85-86.
[3]Baumol W. J..Entrepreneurship:Productive,Unproductive and Destructive[J].Journal of Political Economy,1990,98(5):893-921.
[4]Beugelsdijk S.,Noorderhaven N..Entrepreneurial Attitude and Economic Growth:A Cross-section of 54 Regions[J].Annals of Regional Science,2004,38(2):199-218.
[5]Acs Z. J.,Audretsch D. B., Braunerhjelm P., Carlsson B..Growth and Entrepreneurship[J].Small Business Economics,2012,39(2):289-300.
[6]Audretsch D. B., Keilbach M..Entrepreneurship Capital and Regional Growth:An Evolutionary Interpretation[J].Journal of Evolutionary Economics,2004,14(5):605-616.
[7]Glaeser E. L..Entrepreneurship and the City[R].NBER Working Papers,2007.
[8]Rahman M.,Fatima N..Entrepreneurship and Urban Growth:Dimensions and Empirical Models[J].Journal of Small Business&Enterprise Development,2011,18(3):608-626.
[9]Audretsch D. B.,Belitski M.,Desai S..Entrepreneurship and Economic Development in Cities[J].Annals of Regional Sciences,2015,55(1):33-60.
[10]庄子银.创新、企业家活动配置与长期经济增长[J].经济研究,2007,(8):82-94.
[11]何予平.企业家精神与中国经济增长——基于C-D生产函数的实证研究[J].当代财经, 2006,(7):95-100+104.
[12]李宏彬,李杏,姚先国,张海峰,张俊森.企业家的创业与创新精神对中国经济增长的影响[J].经济研究,2009,(10):99-108.
[13]代明,郑闽.企业家创业、创新精神与全要素生产率增长———基于中国省际面板数据的实证分析[J].科技管理研究,2018,(1):156-162.
[14]钟惠波,刘霞.套利型创业、创新型创业与中国经济增长———基于市场化协同效应的实证研究[J].科技进步与对策,2018,(7):74-81.
[15]赵奉军,高波.创业精神与经济发展的U型关系及其检验[J].经济管理,2009,(4):35-40.
[16]李华晶.知识过滤、创业活动与经济增长———基于我国31个地区的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2010,(7):1001-1007.
[17]蒋含明,王军辉,李非.企业家创业、生产性公共支出与区域经济增长———基于动态空间面板方法的实证研究[J].经济评论,2013,(2):76-84.
[18]陈俊营,张悟移.腐败、创业与经济增长[J].云南财经大学学报,2015,(6):58-66.
[19]明秀南.制度环境、创业与经济增长[J].财经问题研究,2016,(4):11-17.
[20]Georgellis Y.,Wall H. J..What Makes a Region Entrepreneurial? Evidence from Britain[J]. Annals of Regional Science,2000,34(3):385-403.
[21]Audretsch D. B.,Fritsch M..Link Entrepreneurship to Growth:A Case of West Germany[J]. Industry and Innovation,2003,10(1):65-73.
[22]陈哲,杨旭.创业拉动劳动力需求和促进民生经济发展的实证研究[J].东北财经大学学报,2010,(3):43-48.
[23]齐玮娜,张耀辉.创业、知识溢出与区域经济增长差异——基于中国30个省市区面板数据的实证分析[J].经济与管理研究,2014,(9):23-31.
[24]张秀艳,孟宪春.创业资本和创业发展的区域特征———基于创业发展指数(CEDI)的实证研究[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2016,(2):52-61+190-191.
[25]Ebenstein A..Winners and Losers of Multinational Firm Entry into Developing Countries:Evidence from the Special Economic Zones of the People’s Republic of China[J].Ssrn Electronic Journal,2012,29(1):29-56.
[26]柯善咨,赵曜.产业结构、城市规模与中国城市生产率[J].经济研究,2014,(4):76-88,115.
[27]孙浦阳,韩帅,许启钦.产业集聚对劳动生产率的动态影响[J].世界经济,2013,(3):33-53.
(1)对于四大地区以及下文不同规模城市历年(2003—2016)创业活力的均值,有需求的读者可向作者索取。
(1)本文对城市规模类型的划分和数据来源在下文《五、计量实证研究》的第三节做介绍。
(1)为了与实证分析的时间范围保持一致,本数据库中国家级经济政策的统计时间截至2016年底。
(1)其中,由于超大城市个数很少,不宜进行稳健估计,本文把按照2014年城市规模新标准划分的超大城市与特大城市合并为特大城市。