京津冀地区生态系统服务权衡的多尺度特征与影响因素解析
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摘要
对2000年和2015年京津冀地区四类生态系统服务(净初级生产力、粮食生产、水源涵养、土壤保持)进行估算,采用多层次空间统计法、相关分析法和玫瑰图法对生态系统服务权衡关系进行多尺度分析,利用多元回归模型定量揭示土地利用因素、社会因素、经济因素对生态系统服务权衡与协同关系的影响。结果表明:(1)净初级生产力(NPP)、水源涵养、土壤保持高值区集中分布于京津冀北部和西北部山区,低值区分布于东南部平原区,粮食生产呈东南高西北低的空间格局。2000—2015年仅粮食生产服务上升,净初级生产力、水源涵养、土壤保持服务均下降。(2)粮食生产与水源涵养、粮食生产与土壤保持表现出权衡关系,水源涵养与土壤保持表现为协同关系,这3对生态系统服务的权衡与协同关系均呈增强趋势。(3)耕地的粮食生产服务上升,土壤保持服务下降,各地类的净初级生产力均呈下降趋势。(4)生态系统服务权衡与协同关系的增强主要归因于土地利用因子,耕地减少、建设用地大幅增加、林地和草地增加是最直接的影响因素。
In the present study,the ecosystem service types were selected as follows: the provision of net primary productivity,crop production'water conservation,and soil retention. Based on the quantification of the ecosystem services,the relationships among four ecosystem service types were explored using correlation analysis and rose diagram. The results of this study as follows:( 1) Crop production'showed a spatial pattern of the high-value region in the southeast plain and the low-value region in the northwest Mt Yanshan and Mt Taihang in 2000 and 2015. Water conservation and soil retention showed a different pattern of high in the north and west and low in the southeast. There was a large decreasing trend in the average value of NPP.( 2) Strong trade-offs exist between regulation services and provision service,while synergies exist within regulation services. Both water conservation and soil retention were negatively correlated with crop production at 0. 01 level. Water conservation and soil retention was significantly positively correlated at 0. 01 level. The trade-offs and synergies of this three pairs of ecosystem services showed an increased trend from 2000 to 2015.( 3) The crop production of cultivated land,forest,grassland and shrub increased within the decades,but the water conservation and soil retention decreased. In different land cover types,water conservation and soil retention increased and decreased simultaneously,but crop production was negatively related to water yield and sediment yield.( 4) The anthropogenic drivers of ecosystem services can be both positive and negative. A multinomial liner regression was used in county-level and the results were obtained. Land use and land cover was the main driving force,followed by economy and population. The changes in the land use and land cover types were the direct driving force for the increased in the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services.
In the present study,the ecosystem service types were selected as follows: the provision of net primary productivity,crop production'water conservation,and soil retention. Based on the quantification of the ecosystem services,the relationships among four ecosystem service types were explored using correlation analysis and rose diagram. The results of this study as follows:( 1) Crop production'showed a spatial pattern of the high-value region in the southeast plain and the low-value region in the northwest Mt Yanshan and Mt Taihang in 2000 and 2015. Water conservation and soil retention showed a different pattern of high in the north and west and low in the southeast. There was a large decreasing trend in the average value of NPP.( 2) Strong trade-offs exist between regulation services and provision service,while synergies exist within regulation services. Both water conservation and soil retention were negatively correlated with crop production at 0. 01 level. Water conservation and soil retention was significantly positively correlated at 0. 01 level. The trade-offs and synergies of this three pairs of ecosystem services showed an increased trend from 2000 to 2015.( 3) The crop production of cultivated land,forest,grassland and shrub increased within the decades,but the water conservation and soil retention decreased. In different land cover types,water conservation and soil retention increased and decreased simultaneously,but crop production was negatively related to water yield and sediment yield.( 4) The anthropogenic drivers of ecosystem services can be both positive and negative. A multinomial liner regression was used in county-level and the results were obtained. Land use and land cover was the main driving force,followed by economy and population. The changes in the land use and land cover types were the direct driving force for the increased in the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services.
引文
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[19]万利,陈佑启,谭靖,等.土地利用变化对区域生态系统服务价值的影响——以北京市为例[J].地域研究与开发,2009,28(4):94-99.
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[22]孙艺杰,任志远,赵胜男,等.陕西河谷盆地生态系统服务协同与权衡时空差异分析[J].地理学报,2017,72(3):521-532.
[23]孙泽祥,刘志锋,何春阳,等.中国快速城市化干燥地区的生态系统服务权衡关系多尺度分析——以呼包鄂榆地区为例[J].生态学报,2016,36(15):4881-4891.
[24]张宇硕,赵林,吴殿廷,等.京津冀都市圈建设用地格局与变化特征研究[J].世界地理研究,2018,27(1):60-71.
[25]刘金龙,马程,王阳,等.基于径向基函数网络的京津冀地区生态系统服务脆弱性评估[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2013,49(6):1040-1046.
[26]马程,李双成,刘金龙,等.基于SOFM网络的京津冀地区生态系统服务分区[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(9):1383-1393.
[27]方创琳.京津冀城市群协同发展的理论基础与规律分析[J].地理科学进展,2017,36(1):15-24.
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[29]赵同谦,欧阳志云,郑华,等.中国森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评价[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(4):480-491.
[30] FU B J,LIU Y,Lü Y H,et al. Assessing the Soil Erosion Control Service of Ecosystems Change in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Ecological Complexity,2011,8(4):284-293.
[31] U. S. Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Handbook No. 537[M]//WISCHMEIER W H,SMITH D D. Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses-A Guide to Conservation Planning. Hyattsville:USDA,Science and Education Administration,1978:5-8.
[32] WILLIAMS J R. The Erosion-productivity Impact Calculator(EPIC)Model:A Case History[J]. Philosophical Transations of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,1990,329(1225):421-428.
[33] MCCOOL D K,FOSTER G R,MUTCHLER C K,et al.Revised Slope Length Factor for the Universal Soil Loss Equation[J]. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1989,32(5):1571-1576.
[34]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.
[35]郭伟.北京地区生态系统服务价值遥感估算与景观格局优化预测[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012:63-69.
[36] OUYANG Z Y,ZHENG H,XIAO Y,et al. Improvements in Ecosystem Services from Investments in Natural Capital[J]. Science,2016,352(6292):1455-1459.
[2] DAILY G C. Nature’s Services:Social Dependence on Natural Ecosystems[M]. Washington,D. C.:Island Press,1997:392-393.
[3] TOTH F L. Ecosystems and Human Well-being:A Framework for Assessment[M]. Washington,D. C.:Island Press,2005:27-29.
[4]傅伯杰,于丹丹.生态系统服务权衡与集成方法[J].资源科学,2016,38(1):1-9.
[5]彭建,胡晓旭,赵明月,等.生态系统服务权衡研究进展:从认知到决策[J].地理学报,2017,72(6):960-973.
[6]李双成,张才玉,刘金龙,等.生态系统服务权衡与协同研究进展及地理学研究议题[J].地理研究,2013,32(8):1379-1390.
[7] QIU J X,TURNER M G. Spatial Interactions among Ecosystem Services in An Urbanizing Agricultural Watershed[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2013,110(29):12149-12154.
[8]李晶,李红艳,张良.关中-天水经济区生态系统服务权衡与协同关系[J].生态学报,2016,36(10):3053-3062.
[9]史永亮,王如松,陈亮,等.基于景观格局优化的北京市域生态环境保育途径[J].地域研究与开发,2007,26(2):97-101.
[10]王鹏涛,张立伟,李英杰,等.汉江上游生态系统服务权衡与协同关系时空特征[J].地理学报,2017,72(11):2064-2078.
[11] BENNETT E M,PETERSON G D,GORDON L J. Understanding Relationships among Multiple Ecosystem Services[J]. Ecology Letters,2009,12(12):1394-1404.
[12]谢高地,甄霖,鲁春霞,等.一个基于专家知识的生态系统服务价值化方法[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(5):911-919.
[13]关小克,张凤荣,王秀丽,等.北京市生态用地空间演变与布局优化研究[J].地域研究与开发,2013,32(3):119-124.
[14]方明,吴次芳,沈孝强,等.杭州市生态系统服务价值演变分析[J].地域研究与开发,2014,33(2):153-158.
[15]朱九龙.河南义马煤矿矿区生态系统服务价值动态演化过程分析[J].地域研究与开发,2016,35(2):145-149.
[16] RAUDSEPP-HEARNE C,PETERSON G D,BENNETT E M. Ecosystem Service Bundles for Analyzing Tradeoffs in Diverse Landscapes[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2010,107(11):5242-5247.
[17] TURNER K G,ODGAARD M V,B CHER P K,et al.Bundling Ecosystem Services in Denmark:Trade-offs and Synergies in A Cultural Landscape[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2014,125(10):89-104.
[18]戴尔阜,王晓莉,朱健佳,等.生态系统服务权衡:方法、模型与研究框架[J].地理研究,2016,35(6):1005-1016.
[19]万利,陈佑启,谭靖,等.土地利用变化对区域生态系统服务价值的影响——以北京市为例[J].地域研究与开发,2009,28(4):94-99.
[20] BRADFORD J B,D'AMATO A W. Recognizing Tradeoffs in Multi-objective Land Management[J]. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2012,10(4):210-216.
[21]杨晓楠,李晶,秦克玉,等.关中-天水经济区生态系统服务的权衡关系[J].地理学报,2015,70(11):1762-1773.
[22]孙艺杰,任志远,赵胜男,等.陕西河谷盆地生态系统服务协同与权衡时空差异分析[J].地理学报,2017,72(3):521-532.
[23]孙泽祥,刘志锋,何春阳,等.中国快速城市化干燥地区的生态系统服务权衡关系多尺度分析——以呼包鄂榆地区为例[J].生态学报,2016,36(15):4881-4891.
[24]张宇硕,赵林,吴殿廷,等.京津冀都市圈建设用地格局与变化特征研究[J].世界地理研究,2018,27(1):60-71.
[25]刘金龙,马程,王阳,等.基于径向基函数网络的京津冀地区生态系统服务脆弱性评估[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2013,49(6):1040-1046.
[26]马程,李双成,刘金龙,等.基于SOFM网络的京津冀地区生态系统服务分区[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(9):1383-1393.
[27]方创琳.京津冀城市群协同发展的理论基础与规律分析[J].地理科学进展,2017,36(1):15-24.
[28] HAASE D,LARONDELLE N,ANDERSSON E,et al. A Quantitative Review of Urban Ecosystem Service Assessments:Concepts,Models,and Implementation[J]. AMBIO,2014,43(4):413-433.
[29]赵同谦,欧阳志云,郑华,等.中国森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评价[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(4):480-491.
[30] FU B J,LIU Y,Lü Y H,et al. Assessing the Soil Erosion Control Service of Ecosystems Change in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Ecological Complexity,2011,8(4):284-293.
[31] U. S. Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Handbook No. 537[M]//WISCHMEIER W H,SMITH D D. Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses-A Guide to Conservation Planning. Hyattsville:USDA,Science and Education Administration,1978:5-8.
[32] WILLIAMS J R. The Erosion-productivity Impact Calculator(EPIC)Model:A Case History[J]. Philosophical Transations of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,1990,329(1225):421-428.
[33] MCCOOL D K,FOSTER G R,MUTCHLER C K,et al.Revised Slope Length Factor for the Universal Soil Loss Equation[J]. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1989,32(5):1571-1576.
[34]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.
[35]郭伟.北京地区生态系统服务价值遥感估算与景观格局优化预测[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012:63-69.
[36] OUYANG Z Y,ZHENG H,XIAO Y,et al. Improvements in Ecosystem Services from Investments in Natural Capital[J]. Science,2016,352(6292):1455-1459.