3个乌克兰工业大麻品种在黑龙江省大庆地区引种试种试验总结
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摘要
试验以当地栽培的主要品种火麻1号为对照,研究了引进的3个乌克兰工业大麻品种Золотоношские15(金刀-15)、Гляна(格里昂)、Глесия(格列西亚)的适应性、抗逆性、丰产性及品质等。结果表明:在试种区,全麻产量从高到低排序依次为Золотоношские15、Гляна、火麻1号和Глесия,产量分别为3371、2930、2614、2188 kg/hm~2。统计分析结果表明,Золотоношские15和Гляна全麻产量显著高于火麻1号和Глесия;Золотоношские15(34. 4%)、Гляна(31. 4%)、Глесия(29. 9%)全麻率显著高于火麻1号(22. 9%)。Глесия单株果穗长42 cm,单株小穗数34个,显著高于Золотоношские15、Гляна和火麻1号。火麻1号和Золотоношские15纤维品质相对较好,麻束断裂比强度分别为1. 2、0. 9 cN/dtex,分裂度为89、84 Nm;Гляна和Глесия纤维品质一般,麻束断裂比强度分别为1. 6、0. 96 cN/dtex,分裂度为59、39 Nm。综合分析各品种的生育期、长势、产量、品质、抗性等指标,Золотоношские15综合性状表现优异,可作为高纤工业大麻品种在黑龙江省大庆地区种植、推广和应用,Гляна可作为选育高纤工业大麻品种优异种质资源利用,Глесия可作为选育籽纤兼用工业大麻品种优异种质资源利用。
Ukraine industrial hemp varieties Zolotonis' ki 15,Hliana and Hlesiya were studied by comparison of the local main cultivated variety Fire No. 1 to investigate some traits such as adaptability,resistance,high yielding and quality. The Results showed that total fiber yield of Zolotonis' ki 15,Hliana,Fire No. 1 and Hlesiya in test planting area were 3371 kg/hm~2,2930 kg/hm~2,2614 kg/hm~2 and2188 kg/hm~2 respectively. The total fiber yield of Zolotonis' ki 15 and Hliana were significantly higher than that of Fire No. 1 and Hlesiya through statistical analysis. Total fiber content of Zolotonis' ki 15(34. 4%),Hliana(31. 4%)and Hlesiya(29. 9%)were much higher than Fire No. 1(22. 9%). Individual fruit ear length of Hlesiya was 42 cm and spikelet number was 34 which were higher than other three varieties. Fiber quality of Fire No. 1 and Zolotonis' ki 15 were relatively good and their bundle fracture specific strength were 1. 2 cN/dtex and 0. 9 cN/dtex respectively,and splitting degree were 89 Nm and 84 Nm respectively. Fiber quality of Hliana and Hlesiya performed general and their bundle fracture specific strength were 1. 6 cN/dtex and 0. 96 cN/dtex respectively and splitting degree were 59 Nm and 39 Nm respectively. The growth period,growth situation,yield,quality and resistance characteristics indexes of every variety were analyzed comprehensively. Zolotonis' ki 15 performs well and can be applied as a high-fiber industrial hemp variety in Heilongjiang province. Hliana can be utilized as an excellent genetic resource for breeding high-fiber industrial hemp varieties. Hlesiya can be used as an excellent genetic resource for selecting dual purposes hemp cultivars.
Ukraine industrial hemp varieties Zolotonis' ki 15,Hliana and Hlesiya were studied by comparison of the local main cultivated variety Fire No. 1 to investigate some traits such as adaptability,resistance,high yielding and quality. The Results showed that total fiber yield of Zolotonis' ki 15,Hliana,Fire No. 1 and Hlesiya in test planting area were 3371 kg/hm~2,2930 kg/hm~2,2614 kg/hm~2 and2188 kg/hm~2 respectively. The total fiber yield of Zolotonis' ki 15 and Hliana were significantly higher than that of Fire No. 1 and Hlesiya through statistical analysis. Total fiber content of Zolotonis' ki 15(34. 4%),Hliana(31. 4%)and Hlesiya(29. 9%)were much higher than Fire No. 1(22. 9%). Individual fruit ear length of Hlesiya was 42 cm and spikelet number was 34 which were higher than other three varieties. Fiber quality of Fire No. 1 and Zolotonis' ki 15 were relatively good and their bundle fracture specific strength were 1. 2 cN/dtex and 0. 9 cN/dtex respectively,and splitting degree were 89 Nm and 84 Nm respectively. Fiber quality of Hliana and Hlesiya performed general and their bundle fracture specific strength were 1. 6 cN/dtex and 0. 96 cN/dtex respectively and splitting degree were 59 Nm and 39 Nm respectively. The growth period,growth situation,yield,quality and resistance characteristics indexes of every variety were analyzed comprehensively. Zolotonis' ki 15 performs well and can be applied as a high-fiber industrial hemp variety in Heilongjiang province. Hliana can be utilized as an excellent genetic resource for breeding high-fiber industrial hemp varieties. Hlesiya can be used as an excellent genetic resource for selecting dual purposes hemp cultivars.
引文
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[3]关凤芝,吴广文,宋宪友,等.大麻遗传育种与栽培技术[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,2010:1-511.
[4]魏国江,郭梦桥,王晓飞.盐渍化土壤汉麻高产、优质、高效栽培技术模式研究[J].中国麻业科学,2017,39(3):136-141.
[5]刘树文,刘华.工业大麻的开发利用及其市场前景[J].纺织导报,2005(7):62-66.
[6]王权.趋利避害,发展工业大麻产业[J].中国麻业科学,2007,29(b02):98-99.
[7]熊和平,王玉富,田玉杰,等.麻类作物育种学[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2008:1-372.
[8]乔海明,米君,米亚丽,等.高α-亚麻酸亚麻品种在河北坝上地区综合评价[J].中国麻业科学,2014,36(1):17-22.
[9]任翠梅,王殿奎,王明泽,等.工业大麻尤纱—14田间除草剂筛选及使用时间初探[J].中国麻业科学,2009,31(6):358-360.
[10]王殿奎.乌克兰大麻遗传育种研究[J].中国麻业科学,2005,27(5):231-234.