四川盆地须家河组致密气藏天然气富集高产成因
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摘要
四川盆地经过10余年致密砂岩气勘探,效果显著,但储量动用率低、开发效果欠佳。"如何效益勘探开发"已成为致密砂岩气藏的核心问题,开展富集高产因素研究迫在眉睫。通过对四川盆地中部上三叠统须家河组二段高产气井的解剖,从沉积环境、储层、烃源、构造及成藏等基本地质特征入手分析了富气区高产主控因素。研究认为:①须二段天然气富集高产主要受古、今构造、裂缝、优质储层及烃源5大因素控制;②高产气井主要分布在古隆起区和裂缝相对发育区,即构造圈闭或鼻凸上,但在不同区域其影响因素具有差异性,在隆起带,优质储层对形成高产气井的贡献相对较强,而在斜坡带,烃源的贡献作用更为明显;③川中地区须二段主要表现为"3种成藏模式、2类油气高产富集模式",川中东部的合川地区主要为相对优质储层控藏模式、川中西部的三台地区则为顶部薄储与下覆巨厚的烃源组合模式,川中中部的遂宁地区为过渡成藏组合,前者富集高产模式表现为构造—优质储层模式,后两者则为储渗体模式。
After over a decade of exploration in Sichuan Basin, some achievements on tight sandstone gas are remarkable. However,its reserve producing rate is low, resulting in a poor development effect. So, how to realize an efficient exploration and development is now the core issue for tight sandstone gas reservoirs, and it's in urgent necessary to investigate factors related to accumulation and high yield. In this study, taking some high-yield gas wells in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe 2 Member of central Sichuan Basin as examples, the main factors controlling accumulation and high yield were investigated based on sedimentary environment, reservoir, source rock, structure, and reservoir-forming conditions. Results show that(1) gas accumulation and high yield in Xujiahe 2 Member is mainly controlled by 5 factors, i.e., palaeo-structure, current structure, fracture, high-quality reservoir, and source rock;(2) high-yield gas wells are generally distributed in palaeo-uplift zone and other areas with relatively developed fractures, which are mainly developed at structural traps and nose arches. However, different areas have their own influential factors, for example in uplifts, high-quality reservoirs contribute more to high-yield gas wells, while in slopes, the contribution of source rock is more;(3) Xujiahe 2 Member in central basin mainly represents "3 reservoir-forming patterns and 2 hydrocarbon accumulation and high yield models", such as, the high-quality reservoir controlling pattern in Hechuan area in the east of central basin, the combination pattern of top thin reservoir with underlying thick source rock in Santai area in the west of central basin, and the transitional reservoir-forming pattern in Suining area in the central part of central basin. The high-yield model of the first pattern is one association of both structure and quality reservoir, and that of the rest two patterns is reservoir permeability system.
After over a decade of exploration in Sichuan Basin, some achievements on tight sandstone gas are remarkable. However,its reserve producing rate is low, resulting in a poor development effect. So, how to realize an efficient exploration and development is now the core issue for tight sandstone gas reservoirs, and it's in urgent necessary to investigate factors related to accumulation and high yield. In this study, taking some high-yield gas wells in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe 2 Member of central Sichuan Basin as examples, the main factors controlling accumulation and high yield were investigated based on sedimentary environment, reservoir, source rock, structure, and reservoir-forming conditions. Results show that(1) gas accumulation and high yield in Xujiahe 2 Member is mainly controlled by 5 factors, i.e., palaeo-structure, current structure, fracture, high-quality reservoir, and source rock;(2) high-yield gas wells are generally distributed in palaeo-uplift zone and other areas with relatively developed fractures, which are mainly developed at structural traps and nose arches. However, different areas have their own influential factors, for example in uplifts, high-quality reservoirs contribute more to high-yield gas wells, while in slopes, the contribution of source rock is more;(3) Xujiahe 2 Member in central basin mainly represents "3 reservoir-forming patterns and 2 hydrocarbon accumulation and high yield models", such as, the high-quality reservoir controlling pattern in Hechuan area in the east of central basin, the combination pattern of top thin reservoir with underlying thick source rock in Santai area in the west of central basin, and the transitional reservoir-forming pattern in Suining area in the central part of central basin. The high-yield model of the first pattern is one association of both structure and quality reservoir, and that of the rest two patterns is reservoir permeability system.
引文
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[13]谢继容,李国辉,唐大海.四川盆地上三叠统须家河组物源供给体系分析[J].天然气勘探与开发,2006,29(4):1-3.Xie Jirong,Li Guohui&Tang Dahai.Analysis on provenance-supply system of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2006,29(4):1-3.
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[15]陈盛吉,杜敏,王世谦,等.四川盆地上三叠统须家河组资源潜力评价研究[R].中国石油西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院,2008.Chen Shengji,Du Min,Wang Shiqian,et al.Prospective evaluation of oil&gas in Upper Triassic of Xujiahe formation in Sichuan Basin[R].Chengdu:Exploration and Development Research Institute,PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company,2008.
[16]李军,郭彤楼,邹华耀,等.四川盆地北部上三叠统须家河组煤系烃源岩生烃史[J].天然气工业,2012,32(3):25-28.Li Jun,Guo Tonglou,Zou Huayao,et al.Hydrocarbon generation history of coal-measure source rocks in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation of the northern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(3):25-28.
[17]谢继容,张健,李国辉,等.四川盆地须家河组气藏成藏特点及勘探前景[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,30(6):40-44.Xie Jirong,Zhang Jian,Li Guohui,et al.Exploration prospect and gas reservoir characteristics of Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2008,30(6):40-44.
[18]郝国丽,柳广弟,谢增业,等.川中地区须家河组致密砂岩气藏气水分布模式及影响因素分析[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(3):427-434.Hao Guoli,Liu Guangdi,Xie Zengye et al.Gas-water distributed Pattern in Xujiahe Formation tight gas sandstone reservoir and influential factor in Central Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(3):427-434.
[19]朱如凯,邹才能,张鼐,等.致密砂岩气藏储层成岩流体演化与致密成因机理--以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组为例[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2009,39(3):327-339.Zhu Rukai,Zou Caineng,Zhang Nai,et al.Diagenetic fluids evolution and genetic mechanism of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin,China[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2008,51(9):1340-1353.
[20]邹才能,陶士振,朱如凯,等.“连续型”气藏及其大气区形成机制与分布--以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组煤系大气区为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(3):307-319.Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen,Zhu Rukai,et al.Formation and distribution of"continuous"gas reservoirs and their giant gas province:A case from the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation giant gas province,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(3):307-319.
[21]张贵生.川西坳陷须家河组致密砂岩储层裂缝特征[J].天然气工业,2005,25(7):11-13.Zhang Guisheng.Characteristics of fractures in the tight sandstone reservoirs of Xujiahe formation in West Sichuan depression[J].Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(7):11-13.
[22]杨威,谢增业,金惠,等.四川盆地上三叠统须家河组储层评价及天然气成藏机理[J].天然气工业,2010,30(12):10-15.Yang Wei,Xie Zengye,Jin Hui,et al.Reservoir evaluation and pooling mechanism of the Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(12):10-15.
[23]段新国,李爽,宋荣彩,等.四川盆地须二段储层孔隙演化定量描述[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,33(2):35-42.Duan Xinguo,Li Shuang,Song Rongcai,et al.Quantitative description of pore evolution of the Second Formation of Xujiahe reservoir in Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2011,33(2):35-42.
[2]席胜利,刘新社,孟培龙.鄂尔多斯盆地大气区的勘探实践与前瞻[J].天然气工业,2015,35(8):1-9.Xi Shengli,Liu Xinshe&Meng Peilong.Exploration practices and prospect of Upper Paleozoic giant gas fields in the Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(8):1-9.
[3]王屿涛,吕纯刚,姚爱国,等.准噶尔盆地致密砂岩气资源潜力及勘探前景[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(5):855-860.Wang Yutao,LüChungang,Yao Aiguo,et al.Tight sandstone gas resource potential and exploration prospect in the Junggar Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(5):855-860.
[4]魏国齐,张福东,李君,等.中国致密砂岩气成藏理论进展[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(2):199-210.Wei Guoqi,Zhang Fudong,Li Jun,et al.New progress of tight sand gas accumulation theory and favorable exploration zones in China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(2):199-210.
[5]杜金虎,徐春春,魏国齐,等.四川盆地须家河组岩性大气区勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.Du Jinhu,Xu Chunchun,Wei Guoqi,et al.Large lithologic gas provinces exploration of Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
[6]李伟,邹才能,杨金利,等.四川盆地上三叠统须家河组气藏类型与富集高产主控因素[J].沉积学报,2010,28(5):1037-1045.Li Wei,Zou Caineng,Yang Jinli,et al.Types and controlling factors of accumulation and high productivity in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation gas reservoirs,Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(5):1037-1045.
[7]丁景辰.高含水致密气藏水平井稳产原因分析及启示--以鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田为例[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(1):127-134.Ding Jingchen.Analysis and inspiration of stable production of horizontal wells in high water saturation tight gas reservoir:A case study of Daniudi Gasfield,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(1):127-134.
[8]王威,黄曼宁.元坝地区须家河组致密砂岩气藏富集主控因素[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,43(3):266-273.Wang Wei&Huang Manning.Main controlling factors of the tight sandstone gas reservoir of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Yuanba area,Sichuan,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2016,43(3):266-273.
[9]程立雪,王威,王涛.川东北元坝、马路背地区上三叠统须二段石英砂岩储层天然气产能差异的原因[J].天然气工业,2017,37(8):14-21.Cheng Lixue,Wang Wei&Wang Tao.Reasons for the productivity difference of quartz sandstone gas reservoirs of Upper Triassic Xu 2 member between Yuanba and Malubei areas in NE Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(8):14-21.
[10]黎华继,周文雅,代平,等.川西拗陷致密河道砂岩气藏类型及其高产富集模式[J].天然气勘探与开发,2018,41(2):7-14.Li Huaji,Zhou Wenya,Dai Ping,et al.Types,and high-yield and enrichment modes of tight channel sandstone gas reservoirs,Western Sichuan Depression[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2018,41(2):7-14.
[11]赵正望,吴长江,苑保国.四川盆地西北部上三叠统须二段深层优质储层成因[J].天然气勘探与开发,2016,39(2):1-5.Zhao Zhengwang,Wu Changjiang&Yuan Baoguo.Origin of deep and high-quality reservoir of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe 2member northwestern Sichuan basin[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2016,39(2):1-5.
[12]郑荣才,戴朝成,罗青林,等.四川类前陆盆地上三叠统须家河组沉积体系[J].天然气工业,2011,31(9):16-24.Zheng Rongcai,Dai Zhaocheng,Luo Qinglin,et al.Sedimentary system of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan forelandoid basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(9):16-24.
[13]谢继容,李国辉,唐大海.四川盆地上三叠统须家河组物源供给体系分析[J].天然气勘探与开发,2006,29(4):1-3.Xie Jirong,Li Guohui&Tang Dahai.Analysis on provenance-supply system of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2006,29(4):1-3.
[14]赵正望,谢继容,吴长江,等.川西北地区须家河组碎屑组分特征与物源分析[J].天然气勘探与开发,2012,35(4):6-10.Zhao Zhengwang,Xie Jirong,Wu Changjiang,et al.Detrital composition of Xujiahe Formation and its source,northwestern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2012,35(4):6-10.
[15]陈盛吉,杜敏,王世谦,等.四川盆地上三叠统须家河组资源潜力评价研究[R].中国石油西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院,2008.Chen Shengji,Du Min,Wang Shiqian,et al.Prospective evaluation of oil&gas in Upper Triassic of Xujiahe formation in Sichuan Basin[R].Chengdu:Exploration and Development Research Institute,PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company,2008.
[16]李军,郭彤楼,邹华耀,等.四川盆地北部上三叠统须家河组煤系烃源岩生烃史[J].天然气工业,2012,32(3):25-28.Li Jun,Guo Tonglou,Zou Huayao,et al.Hydrocarbon generation history of coal-measure source rocks in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation of the northern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(3):25-28.
[17]谢继容,张健,李国辉,等.四川盆地须家河组气藏成藏特点及勘探前景[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,30(6):40-44.Xie Jirong,Zhang Jian,Li Guohui,et al.Exploration prospect and gas reservoir characteristics of Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2008,30(6):40-44.
[18]郝国丽,柳广弟,谢增业,等.川中地区须家河组致密砂岩气藏气水分布模式及影响因素分析[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(3):427-434.Hao Guoli,Liu Guangdi,Xie Zengye et al.Gas-water distributed Pattern in Xujiahe Formation tight gas sandstone reservoir and influential factor in Central Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(3):427-434.
[19]朱如凯,邹才能,张鼐,等.致密砂岩气藏储层成岩流体演化与致密成因机理--以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组为例[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2009,39(3):327-339.Zhu Rukai,Zou Caineng,Zhang Nai,et al.Diagenetic fluids evolution and genetic mechanism of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin,China[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2008,51(9):1340-1353.
[20]邹才能,陶士振,朱如凯,等.“连续型”气藏及其大气区形成机制与分布--以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组煤系大气区为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(3):307-319.Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen,Zhu Rukai,et al.Formation and distribution of"continuous"gas reservoirs and their giant gas province:A case from the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation giant gas province,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(3):307-319.
[21]张贵生.川西坳陷须家河组致密砂岩储层裂缝特征[J].天然气工业,2005,25(7):11-13.Zhang Guisheng.Characteristics of fractures in the tight sandstone reservoirs of Xujiahe formation in West Sichuan depression[J].Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(7):11-13.
[22]杨威,谢增业,金惠,等.四川盆地上三叠统须家河组储层评价及天然气成藏机理[J].天然气工业,2010,30(12):10-15.Yang Wei,Xie Zengye,Jin Hui,et al.Reservoir evaluation and pooling mechanism of the Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(12):10-15.
[23]段新国,李爽,宋荣彩,等.四川盆地须二段储层孔隙演化定量描述[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,33(2):35-42.Duan Xinguo,Li Shuang,Song Rongcai,et al.Quantitative description of pore evolution of the Second Formation of Xujiahe reservoir in Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2011,33(2):35-42.
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