致密砂岩气藏天然气富集高产主控因素探讨——以四川盆地须家河组为例
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摘要
中国致密砂岩气经过10余年的大力发展,目前已成为仅次于美国、加拿大的致密砂岩气生产大国,勘探效果显著,但"如何效益勘探开发"已成为致密砂岩气藏的核心问题,其富集高产主控因素研究迫在眉睫。针对此问题,以四川盆地中部须家河组二段为例,通过对高产气井的解剖,从沉积环境、储层、烃源、构造及成藏等基本地质特征入手分析了富气区高产主控因素,进而探讨天然气高产富集模式。研究取得两方面认识:一是须二段天然气富集高产主要受五大因素控制,且不同区域其侧重点不一。具体表现为古隆起宏观上控制了高产气井的分布,高产气井主要分布在构造圈闭或鼻凸,裂缝是形成高产气井的重要因素:①在隆起带,优质储层对形成高产气井的贡献相对较强;②在斜坡带,烃源的贡献作用更为明显。二是川中地区须二段主要表现为"3种成藏模式、2类油气高产富集模式",具体表现为川中东部合川—营山地区主要为相对优质储层控藏模式、川中西部中台山—秋林地区则为顶部薄储与下伏巨厚的烃源组合模式及川中中部蓬莱—公山庙地区过渡成藏组合。前者富集高产模式表现为构造—优质储层模式,后两者则为储渗体模式。基于这些富集高产因素与模式初步预测了下一步勘探方向及重点勘探领域,以期能指导该区致密气的高效勘探开发。
After more than ten years of vigorous development,China's tight sandstone gas has become a big producer of tight sandstone gas,second only to the United States and Canada.Its exploration effect is remarkable.However,"how to benefit exploration and development"has become the key issues of tight sandstone gas reservoirs,and the study of its enrichment and high yield factors is imminent.In view of this problem,this paper takes the second member of Xujiahe Formation in the central Sichuan Basin as an example,through the dissection of high-yield gas wells,starting from the basic geological characteristics of sedimentary environment,reservoir stratum,hydrocarbon source,structure and gas reservoir,analyzes the main controlling factors of rich gas and high yield,and then discusses the natural gas enrichment model.Two results have been achieved.First,the natural gas enrichment and high yield in the second member of Xujiahe Formation are mainly controlled by five factors,and the different regions have different emphases.Specifically,paleo-uplift macroscopically controls the distribution of high-yield gas wells.High-yield gas wells are mainly distributed in structural traps or nose bulges,and fractures are important factors for the formation of high-yield gas wells;(1)in uplift zone,the contribution of high-quality reservoirs to the formation of high-yield gas wells is relatively strong;(2)in slope zone,the contribution of hydrocarbon sources is more obvious.Second,there are three reservoir-forming modes and two types of high-yield hydrocarbon accumulation modes in the second member of Xujiahe Formation in the central Sichuan Basin.The reservoirforming modes are as follows:The reservoir-controlling mode of relatively high quality reservoirs in Hechuan-Yingshan area in the eastern part of Central Sichuan,a hydrocarbon source combination model with thin reservoir at the top and huge thickness under it in the Zhongtaishan-Qiulin area in western part of Central Sichuan and the middle reservoir-forming assemblages in Penglai-Gongshanmiao area in Central Sichuan.The pattern of enrichment and high production is characterized by structural-high quality reservoir mode and reservoir-permeability body model.Based on these enrichment and high yield factors and modes,the next exploration direction and key exploration fields are preliminarily predicted,in order to guide the efficient exploration and development of tight gas in this area.
After more than ten years of vigorous development,China's tight sandstone gas has become a big producer of tight sandstone gas,second only to the United States and Canada.Its exploration effect is remarkable.However,"how to benefit exploration and development"has become the key issues of tight sandstone gas reservoirs,and the study of its enrichment and high yield factors is imminent.In view of this problem,this paper takes the second member of Xujiahe Formation in the central Sichuan Basin as an example,through the dissection of high-yield gas wells,starting from the basic geological characteristics of sedimentary environment,reservoir stratum,hydrocarbon source,structure and gas reservoir,analyzes the main controlling factors of rich gas and high yield,and then discusses the natural gas enrichment model.Two results have been achieved.First,the natural gas enrichment and high yield in the second member of Xujiahe Formation are mainly controlled by five factors,and the different regions have different emphases.Specifically,paleo-uplift macroscopically controls the distribution of high-yield gas wells.High-yield gas wells are mainly distributed in structural traps or nose bulges,and fractures are important factors for the formation of high-yield gas wells;(1)in uplift zone,the contribution of high-quality reservoirs to the formation of high-yield gas wells is relatively strong;(2)in slope zone,the contribution of hydrocarbon sources is more obvious.Second,there are three reservoir-forming modes and two types of high-yield hydrocarbon accumulation modes in the second member of Xujiahe Formation in the central Sichuan Basin.The reservoirforming modes are as follows:The reservoir-controlling mode of relatively high quality reservoirs in Hechuan-Yingshan area in the eastern part of Central Sichuan,a hydrocarbon source combination model with thin reservoir at the top and huge thickness under it in the Zhongtaishan-Qiulin area in western part of Central Sichuan and the middle reservoir-forming assemblages in Penglai-Gongshanmiao area in Central Sichuan.The pattern of enrichment and high production is characterized by structural-high quality reservoir mode and reservoir-permeability body model.Based on these enrichment and high yield factors and modes,the next exploration direction and key exploration fields are preliminarily predicted,in order to guide the efficient exploration and development of tight gas in this area.
引文
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[7]Ding Jingchen.Analysis and enlightenment of horizontal well production stability in high water saturation compact gas reservoir:A case study of Daniudi Gas Field in Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(1):127-134.丁景辰.高含水致密气藏水平井稳产原因分析及启示---以鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田为例[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(1):127-134.
[8]Wang Wei,Huang Manning.Main controlling factors of the tight sandstone gas reservoir of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Yuanba area,Sichuan,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science and Technology Edition,2016,43(3):266-273.王威,黄曼宁.元坝地区须家河组致密砂岩气藏富集主控因素[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2016,43(3):266-273.
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