长柄扁桃天然种群表型变异
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摘要
为揭示长柄扁桃(Amygdalus pedunculata)天然种群的表型多样性特点,通过方差分析、相关分析、聚类分析和t检验等方法对7个天然种群14个表型性状种群间和种群内的表型变异特征和地理变异模式进行了探讨。结果表明:长柄扁桃种群内变异为40.91%,种群间变异为35.29%,种群内大于种群间,种群内变异是主要变异来源;其平均表型分化系数为45.90%,各表型性状平均变异系数为15.59%,変幅9.39%–31.98%,表型变异在种群内和种群间均非常丰富。年平均气温、纬度、无霜期、经度和海拔5个主要地理生态因子对长柄扁桃表型性状影响显著或极显著,平均气温和无霜期是不同立地长柄扁桃表型差异的主要影响因子。主成分分析和聚类分析将7个种群区划为两大类,其中山地的长柄扁桃叶多为近圆形至长圆形,果多为近球形,果柄较短,果肉较厚,核多为宽卵形至圆球形;沙地的长柄扁桃叶多为长椭圆形或卵状披针形,果为卵球形,果柄较长,果肉较薄,核近宽卵形。探讨长柄扁桃天然种群表型多样性,可为顺利开展野生资源收集、良种选育等工作提供依据。
Aims Our objectives were to determine the phenotypic variations,adaption and distribution patterns in seven natural Amygdalus pedunculata populations.Methods We analyzed 14 phenotypic traits from 120 individuals in seven populations of A.pedunculata by variance analysis,correlation analysis,and cluster analysis.Important findings Results showed that there were plentiful phenotypic variation within and among populations.In particular,the phenotypic variation within population was 40.91%,higher than that among populations(35.29%),which indicated that the phenotypic variation within population was the main source of the phenotypic variation in A.pedunculata.Mean differentiation coefficient was 45.90%,and mean coefficient of variation of 14 traits was 15.59%,ranged from 9.39% to 31.98%.Mean annual temperature,latitude,length of frost-free period,longitude and altitude appear to be prominent ecological factors influencing phenotypic traits.Mean annual temperature and length of frost-free period were key indicators to phenotypic of A.pedunculata in different site conditions.According to principal component analysis and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means(UPGMA) cluster analysis,the seven populations of A.pedunculata could be divided into two groups.In mountainous region,A.pedunculata's leaf blade was usually rotund to oblong,fruit nearly spherical shape with shorter fruit stem,stone was usually ovoid to spherical shape.In contrast,in sandy region,leaf blade was long oval to ovate-lanceolate,fruit and stone was usually flat ovoid with longer fruit stem.Our results provide critical information for the resource collection and breeding of this ecologically important species.
Aims Our objectives were to determine the phenotypic variations,adaption and distribution patterns in seven natural Amygdalus pedunculata populations.Methods We analyzed 14 phenotypic traits from 120 individuals in seven populations of A.pedunculata by variance analysis,correlation analysis,and cluster analysis.Important findings Results showed that there were plentiful phenotypic variation within and among populations.In particular,the phenotypic variation within population was 40.91%,higher than that among populations(35.29%),which indicated that the phenotypic variation within population was the main source of the phenotypic variation in A.pedunculata.Mean differentiation coefficient was 45.90%,and mean coefficient of variation of 14 traits was 15.59%,ranged from 9.39% to 31.98%.Mean annual temperature,latitude,length of frost-free period,longitude and altitude appear to be prominent ecological factors influencing phenotypic traits.Mean annual temperature and length of frost-free period were key indicators to phenotypic of A.pedunculata in different site conditions.According to principal component analysis and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means(UPGMA) cluster analysis,the seven populations of A.pedunculata could be divided into two groups.In mountainous region,A.pedunculata's leaf blade was usually rotund to oblong,fruit nearly spherical shape with shorter fruit stem,stone was usually ovoid to spherical shape.In contrast,in sandy region,leaf blade was long oval to ovate-lanceolate,fruit and stone was usually flat ovoid with longer fruit stem.Our results provide critical information for the resource collection and breeding of this ecologically important species.
引文
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