不同进洞高程隧道洞口段大型振动台模型试验研究
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摘要
随着我国"一带一路"战略对中西部铁路建设投资力度的进一步加大,黄土地震区隧道安全问题日渐突出。如目前已建成的宝兰客运专线、兰渝铁路,正在修建的成兰铁路、银西铁路等都穿越黄土地震带。长期以来,进洞高程作为影响黄土隧道洞口段边坡隧道系统动力响应的重要参数,很少得到关注。因此,将进洞高程作为一个关键参数,借助振动台模型试验与数值模拟分析,定性研究了坡-隧系统动力响应的特点,设计了相似比为1∶70的隧道洞口段边坡隧道系统大型振动台模型试验。坡脚进洞和1/2倍坡高进洞模型试验震害观测结果表明:坡-隧系统坡高、坡角、入射地震波、岩土体材料、填筑方式、衬砌结构相同,进洞高程不同,洞口段破坏形态不同,破坏程度各异。进洞高程对衬砌结构加速度响应的影响与激振幅值的大小密切相关,坡脚进洞的加速度响应远远小于1/2倍坡高处进洞衬砌结构的加速度响应。
Tunnel safety under earthquakes in loess area has become an increasingly prominent problem along with the intensifying of investment on railway construction in central and western China according to Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China. Some built projects such as Baoji-Lanzhou high-speed railway and Lanzhou-Chongqing railway, and railways under construction, including Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway and Xi'an-Yinchuan Railway, are all running across the loess seismic belt. For a long period of time, the elevation of tunnel entrance, which is an important parameter affecting the dynamic response of loess slope-tunnel system, has received few attention. In view of this, the dynamic response of loess slope-tunnel system is investigated with tunnel entrance elevation as a key parameter via shaking table test and numerical simulation. The similar ratio of slope-tunnel model was 1∶70, and the elevation of tunnel entrance was designed as zero(slope foot) and 1/2 times of slope height, respectively.Test results demonstrate that at different elevations of tunnel entrance, the failure pattern and damage degree of entrance segment are quite different despite the same conditions of slope height, slope gradient, incident earthquake wave, geomaterials, filling mode, and lining structure. The impact of entrance elevation on the acceleration in lining structure is closely related to the magnitude of the excitation amplitude, and the acceleration response of the tunnel lining structure with the entrance elevation at slope foot is much smaller than that with the entrance elevation 1/2 times of the slope height.
Tunnel safety under earthquakes in loess area has become an increasingly prominent problem along with the intensifying of investment on railway construction in central and western China according to Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China. Some built projects such as Baoji-Lanzhou high-speed railway and Lanzhou-Chongqing railway, and railways under construction, including Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway and Xi'an-Yinchuan Railway, are all running across the loess seismic belt. For a long period of time, the elevation of tunnel entrance, which is an important parameter affecting the dynamic response of loess slope-tunnel system, has received few attention. In view of this, the dynamic response of loess slope-tunnel system is investigated with tunnel entrance elevation as a key parameter via shaking table test and numerical simulation. The similar ratio of slope-tunnel model was 1∶70, and the elevation of tunnel entrance was designed as zero(slope foot) and 1/2 times of slope height, respectively.Test results demonstrate that at different elevations of tunnel entrance, the failure pattern and damage degree of entrance segment are quite different despite the same conditions of slope height, slope gradient, incident earthquake wave, geomaterials, filling mode, and lining structure. The impact of entrance elevation on the acceleration in lining structure is closely related to the magnitude of the excitation amplitude, and the acceleration response of the tunnel lining structure with the entrance elevation at slope foot is much smaller than that with the entrance elevation 1/2 times of the slope height.
引文
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[3] 关振长,龚振峰,罗志彬,等.特大断面隧道地震动力特性的振动台试验研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(9):2553-2560.
[4] 高波,王峥峥,袁松,等. 汶川地震公路隧道震害启示[J]. 西南交通大学学报,2009,44(3):336-341.
[5] 陈贵红,李海清,钟勇,等.国道213线都江堰至汶川段隧道震害调查与分析[J]. 西南公路,2008,(4):114-119.
[6] 崔光耀,王明年,林国进,等. 汶川地震区典型公路隧道衬砌震害类型统计分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2011,22(1):122-127.
[7] GICEV V,TRIFUNAC M D. Amplification of Linear Strain in a Layer Excited by a Shear-Wave Earthquake Pulse[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2010,30(10):1073-1081.
[8] WANG W L,WANG T T,SU J J,et al. Assessment of Damage in Mountain Tunnels Due to the Taiwan Chi-Chi Earthquake[J]. Tunelling and Underground Space Technology,2001,16(3):133-150.
[9] 徐华. 高烈度区山岭隧道地震动力响应及抗震稳定性研究[D]. 成都:成都理工大学,2009.
[10] 钱七虎,何川,晏启祥. 隧道工程动力响应特性与汶川地震隧道震害分析及启示[C]//汶川大地震工程震害调查分析与研究.北京:科学出版社,2009:608-618.
[11] 祁生文,伍法权,严福张,等.岩质边坡动力反应分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[12] 蒋树屏,文栋良,郑升宝.嘎隆拉隧道洞口段地震响应大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(4):649-656.
[13] 王丽丽.考虑边坡进洞高程效应的隧道洞口段抗震技术研究[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2015.
[14] 陶连金,李书龙,候森,等.山岭隧道洞口段地震响应振动台模型试验研究[J].世界地震工程,2016,32(4):8-16.
[15] 陶连金, 侯森, 赵旭,等. 不同仰坡度数的山岭隧道洞口段动力响应振动台试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2014,(增1):91-98.
[16] 刘晶波,王文晖,赵冬冬,等.地下结构抗震分析的整体式反应位移法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(8):1618-1624.