基于24式太极拳促进平衡影响因素的研究
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摘要
目的:从整体本体感觉、视觉、前庭觉,膝关节不同角度下的位置觉、力量觉,以及不同角速度下的伸肌最大力矩、屈肌最大力矩等方面,研究太极拳练习对大学生平衡能力的影响。结果表明:(1)普通组膝关节在30°、45°、60°时的位置觉明显提高(P<0.01),膝关节在30°、45°时的力量觉明显提高(P<0.01);膝关节在角速度为60°/s时单位体重的伸肌力矩和屈肌力矩峰值明显提高(P<0.01),在120°/s时单位体重的伸肌力矩明显提高(P<0.01)。普通组多感官平衡测试(CTSIB)条件下的整体本体感觉、视觉、前庭觉对平衡的控制能力提高(P<0.01),稳定极限(LOS)条件下的神经肌肉反应能力明显提高(P<0.01),睁眼单脚站立(ASL)条件下重心在前后方向、左右方向上的控制能力以及综合稳定能力都有明显提高(P<0.01)。(2)专业组膝关节在30°、45°、60°时的位置觉、力量觉较高(P<0.01),膝关节在角速度为60°/s、120°/s时单位体重的伸肌、屈肌力矩峰值较高(P<0.01),CTSIB条件下视觉对平衡的控制能力较高,LOS条件下的神经反应能力较高(P<0.01),ASL条件下重心在前后方向、左右方向上的控制能力以及综合稳定能力较高(P<0.01)。结论:太极拳练习可以提高身体重心在前后方向和左右方向上的平衡能力;提高下肢关节位置觉、力量觉能力;太极拳练习可以提高下肢关节伸肌群和屈肌群力矩峰值。
The effects of Tai Chi(TC)exercise on balance ability of college students were studied from the aspects of on position sense and force sense of knee joint,isokinetic knee extensor/flexor strength at different angular velocity,overall proprioception,vision and vestibular sense. Results showed:(1)After 16-week TC lessons,position sense ability of knee joint for experiment group was significantly improved at the angle of 30°,45° and 60°(P<0.01). The force sense ability of knee joint was significantly improved at the angle of 30° and 45°(P<0.01). The muscle strength of extensor and flexor of knee at the angle velocity of60°/s and extensor of knee at the angle velocity of 120°/s were significantly increased(P<0.01). The control ability of proprioception,vision and vestibular sense to balance was improved under the condition of CTSIB(P<0.01),the neuromuscular response ability was improved under the condition of LOS(P<0.01),the center of gravity in the forward and backward direction,left and right direction and overall stability was improved under the condition of ASL(P<0.01).(2)The position and force sense of knee joint in the professional group were higher at the degrees of 30°,45°and60°(P<0.01).The extensor and flexor muscle strength of joint at the angular velocity of 60°/s,120°/s were higher(P<0.01). The control ability visual balance under CTSIB condition and neuromuscular response ability under LOS condition were higher for professional group(P<0.01).The control ability of the center of gravity in the forward and backward directions,left and right directions,and the comprehensive stability ability were higher(P<0.01)under ASL conditions. Conclusions:TC exercises effectively improved the postural stability in the anterior/posterior and medial/lateral directions,improved the extensor and flexor strength of knee joints,the extensor strength and flexor strength of knee joint,improved the position sense and force sense of knee joint.
The effects of Tai Chi(TC)exercise on balance ability of college students were studied from the aspects of on position sense and force sense of knee joint,isokinetic knee extensor/flexor strength at different angular velocity,overall proprioception,vision and vestibular sense. Results showed:(1)After 16-week TC lessons,position sense ability of knee joint for experiment group was significantly improved at the angle of 30°,45° and 60°(P<0.01). The force sense ability of knee joint was significantly improved at the angle of 30° and 45°(P<0.01). The muscle strength of extensor and flexor of knee at the angle velocity of60°/s and extensor of knee at the angle velocity of 120°/s were significantly increased(P<0.01). The control ability of proprioception,vision and vestibular sense to balance was improved under the condition of CTSIB(P<0.01),the neuromuscular response ability was improved under the condition of LOS(P<0.01),the center of gravity in the forward and backward direction,left and right direction and overall stability was improved under the condition of ASL(P<0.01).(2)The position and force sense of knee joint in the professional group were higher at the degrees of 30°,45°and60°(P<0.01).The extensor and flexor muscle strength of joint at the angular velocity of 60°/s,120°/s were higher(P<0.01). The control ability visual balance under CTSIB condition and neuromuscular response ability under LOS condition were higher for professional group(P<0.01).The control ability of the center of gravity in the forward and backward directions,left and right directions,and the comprehensive stability ability were higher(P<0.01)under ASL conditions. Conclusions:TC exercises effectively improved the postural stability in the anterior/posterior and medial/lateral directions,improved the extensor and flexor strength of knee joints,the extensor strength and flexor strength of knee joint,improved the position sense and force sense of knee joint.
引文
[1]GYLLENSTEN A L,HUI-CHAN C W,TSANG W W.Stability limits,single-leg jump,and body awareness in older Tai Chi practitioners[J].Arch Phys Med Rehabil,2010,91(2):215-220.
[2]TSANG W W,HUI-CHAN C W.Effects of tai chi on joint proprioception and stability limits in elderly subjects[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2003,35(12):1962-1971.
[3]KREBS D E,GILL K M,PARKER S W,et al.Vestibular rehabilitation:useful but not universally so[J].Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,2003,128(2):240-250.
[4]RIEMANN B L,LEPHART S M.The Sensorimotor System,Part II:The Role of Proprioception in Motor Control and Functional Joint Stability[J].J Athl Train.2002.37(1):80-84.
[5]WANG H,JI Z,JIANG G,et al.Correlation among proprioception,muscle strength,and balance[J].J.Phys.Ther.Sci.,2016,28(7):3468-3472.
[6]CHEN K M,CHEN W T,HUANG M F.Development of the simplified Tai Chi exercise program(STEP)for frail older adults[J].Complement Ther Med,2006,14(3):200-206.
[7]BOUGHEN J,DUNN K,NITZ J,et al.A new method of interpreting the centre of gravity location using the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance:A reliability study[J].Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal,2013,31(2):64-68.
[8]DAVID F R,ELIN R,CLEVELAND T B.Development of a limits of stability protocol for use in transtibial prosthesis users:Learning effects and reliability of outcome variables[J].Gait Posture,2017,58:539-545.
[9]LI L,JI Z Q,LI Y X,LIU W T.Correlation study of knee joint proprioception test results using common test methods[J].J Phys Ther Sci,2016,28(2):478-482.
[10]PAUL A B,SCOTT M L.The effects of joint position and direction of joint motion on proprioceptive sensibility in anterior cruciate ligamentdeficient athletes[J].Am J Sports Med,1997,2(3):336-340.
[11]CUG M,Wikstrom E A.Learning effects associated with the least stable level of the biodex stability system during dual and single limb stance[J].J Sports Sci Med,2014,13(2):387-392.
[12]ARNOLD B L,Schmitz R J.Examination of balance measures produced by the biodex stability system[J].J Athl Train,1998,33(4):323-327.
[13]KU P X,ABU ONA,WAB W A.The limits of stability and muscle activity in middle-aged adults during static and dynamic stance[J].J Biomech,2016,49(16):3943-3948.
[14]HINMAN M R.Factors Affecting Reliability of the Biodex Balance System A Summary of Four Studies[J].J Sport Rehabil,2000,9:240-252.
[15]MERGNER T,ROSEMEIER T.Interaction of vestibular,somatosensory and visual signals for postural control and motion perception under terrestrial and microgravity conditions--a conceptual model[J].Brain Res Brain Res Rev,1998,28(1-2):118-135.
[16]PLASKETT C J,CAFARELLI E.Caffeine increases endurance and attenuates force sensation during submaximal isometric contractions[J].JAppl Physiol,2001,91(4):1535-1544.
[17]RELPH N,HERRINGTON L,TYSON S.The effects of ACL injury on knee proprioception:a meta-analysis[J].Physiotherapy,2014,100(3):187-195.
[18]NITZ J C,CHOY N L.The efficacy of a specific balance-strategy training programme for preventing falls among older people:A pilot randomised controlled trial[J].Age Ageing,2004,33(1):52-58.
[19]DZIUBEK W,BULINSKA K,KUSZTAL M,et al.Evaluation of Exercise Tolerance in Dialysis Patients Performing Tai Chi Training:Preliminary Study[J].Evidence-Based Complementray and Alternative Medicine,2016,2016:1-7.
[20]HO R T,FONG T C,WAN A H,et al.A randomized controlled trial on the psychophysiological effects of physical exercise and Tai-chi in patients with chronic schizophrenia[J].Schizophr Res,2016,171(1-3):42-49.
[21]YIN J,DISHMAN R K.The effect of Tai Chi and Qigong practice on depression and anxiety symptoms:A systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].Ment Health Phys Act,2014,7(3):135-146.
[22]FITZPATRICK R,MCClOSKEY D I.Proprioceptive,visual and vestibular thresholds for the perception of sway during standing in humans[J].J Physiol,1994,478(Pt1):173-186.
[23]YING L,CHIAT L.Chinese Science in Piano Pedagogy:Evaluating the Chronicles of Piano Playing Technique with Taichi[J].ProcediaSocial and Behavioral Sciences,2012,46(1):3102-3106.
[24]DU S,DONG J,ZHANG H,et al.Taichi exercise for self-rated sleep quality in older people:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Int JNurs Stud,2015,52(1):368-379.
[25]MACEDO C,GAZZOLA J M,Ricci N A,et al.Influence of sensory information on static balance in older patients with vestibular disorder[J].Braz J Otorhinolaryngol,2015,81(1):50-57.
[26]KWOK J C,HUICHAN C W,TSANG W W.Effects of aging and Tai Chi on finger-pointing toward stationary and moving visual targets[J].Arch Phys Med Rehabil,2010,91(1):149-155.
[27]OH S Y,BOEGLE R,ERTL M,et al.Multisensory vestibular,vestibular-auditory,and auditory network effects revealed by parametric sound pressure stimulation[J].Neuroimage,2018,176:354-363.
[28]ROIJEZON U,CLARK N C,TRELEAVEN J.Proprioception in musculoskeletal rehabilitation.Part 1:Basic science and principles of assessment and clinical interventions[J].Man Ther,2015,20(3):368-377.
[29]FELDMAN A G.Threshold position control signifies a common spatial frame of reference for motor action and kinesthesia[J].Brain Res Bull,2008,75(5):497-499.
[30]CHIANCHIERO M,DRESELY B,SILVA U,et al.The relationship between range of movement,flexibility,and balance in the elderly[J].Top Geriatr Rehabil,2010,26(2):148-155.
[31]ALSALAHEEN B,HAINES J,YORKE A,et al.Reliability and Construct Validity of Limits of Stability Test in Adolescents Using a Portable Forceplate System[J].Arch Phys Med Rehabil,2015,96(12):2194-2200.
[32]TUTHILL J C,WILSON R I.Mechanosensation and Adaptive Motor Control in Insects[J].Curr Biol,2016,26(20):R1022-R1038.
[33]SADEGHI H,HAKIM M N,HAMID T A,et al.The effect of exergaming on knee proprioception in older men:A randomized controlled trial[J].Arch Gerontol Geriatr,2017,69:144-150.
[34]XU D Q.The effects of Tai Chi exercise on proprioception and neuromuscular responses in the elderly people[D].Hong Kong:The Chinese University of Hong Kong,2003,22-45.
[35]TSANG W W,CHAN H.Effects of tai chi on joint proprioception and stability limits in elderly subjects[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2003,35(12):1962-1971.
[36]WU G,REN X.Speed effect of selected Tai Chi Chuan movement on leg muscle activity in young and old practitioners[J].Clin Biomech(Bristol,Avon),2009,24(5):415-421.
[37]周伟良.传统武术训练理论论绎[J].北京:北京体育大学,2002,25(4):542-544.
[38]HUANG Y,LIU X.Improvement of balance control ability and flexibility in the elderly Tai Chi Chuan(TCC)practitioners:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Arch Gerontol Geriatr,2015,60(2):233-238.
[2]TSANG W W,HUI-CHAN C W.Effects of tai chi on joint proprioception and stability limits in elderly subjects[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2003,35(12):1962-1971.
[3]KREBS D E,GILL K M,PARKER S W,et al.Vestibular rehabilitation:useful but not universally so[J].Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,2003,128(2):240-250.
[4]RIEMANN B L,LEPHART S M.The Sensorimotor System,Part II:The Role of Proprioception in Motor Control and Functional Joint Stability[J].J Athl Train.2002.37(1):80-84.
[5]WANG H,JI Z,JIANG G,et al.Correlation among proprioception,muscle strength,and balance[J].J.Phys.Ther.Sci.,2016,28(7):3468-3472.
[6]CHEN K M,CHEN W T,HUANG M F.Development of the simplified Tai Chi exercise program(STEP)for frail older adults[J].Complement Ther Med,2006,14(3):200-206.
[7]BOUGHEN J,DUNN K,NITZ J,et al.A new method of interpreting the centre of gravity location using the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance:A reliability study[J].Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal,2013,31(2):64-68.
[8]DAVID F R,ELIN R,CLEVELAND T B.Development of a limits of stability protocol for use in transtibial prosthesis users:Learning effects and reliability of outcome variables[J].Gait Posture,2017,58:539-545.
[9]LI L,JI Z Q,LI Y X,LIU W T.Correlation study of knee joint proprioception test results using common test methods[J].J Phys Ther Sci,2016,28(2):478-482.
[10]PAUL A B,SCOTT M L.The effects of joint position and direction of joint motion on proprioceptive sensibility in anterior cruciate ligamentdeficient athletes[J].Am J Sports Med,1997,2(3):336-340.
[11]CUG M,Wikstrom E A.Learning effects associated with the least stable level of the biodex stability system during dual and single limb stance[J].J Sports Sci Med,2014,13(2):387-392.
[12]ARNOLD B L,Schmitz R J.Examination of balance measures produced by the biodex stability system[J].J Athl Train,1998,33(4):323-327.
[13]KU P X,ABU ONA,WAB W A.The limits of stability and muscle activity in middle-aged adults during static and dynamic stance[J].J Biomech,2016,49(16):3943-3948.
[14]HINMAN M R.Factors Affecting Reliability of the Biodex Balance System A Summary of Four Studies[J].J Sport Rehabil,2000,9:240-252.
[15]MERGNER T,ROSEMEIER T.Interaction of vestibular,somatosensory and visual signals for postural control and motion perception under terrestrial and microgravity conditions--a conceptual model[J].Brain Res Brain Res Rev,1998,28(1-2):118-135.
[16]PLASKETT C J,CAFARELLI E.Caffeine increases endurance and attenuates force sensation during submaximal isometric contractions[J].JAppl Physiol,2001,91(4):1535-1544.
[17]RELPH N,HERRINGTON L,TYSON S.The effects of ACL injury on knee proprioception:a meta-analysis[J].Physiotherapy,2014,100(3):187-195.
[18]NITZ J C,CHOY N L.The efficacy of a specific balance-strategy training programme for preventing falls among older people:A pilot randomised controlled trial[J].Age Ageing,2004,33(1):52-58.
[19]DZIUBEK W,BULINSKA K,KUSZTAL M,et al.Evaluation of Exercise Tolerance in Dialysis Patients Performing Tai Chi Training:Preliminary Study[J].Evidence-Based Complementray and Alternative Medicine,2016,2016:1-7.
[20]HO R T,FONG T C,WAN A H,et al.A randomized controlled trial on the psychophysiological effects of physical exercise and Tai-chi in patients with chronic schizophrenia[J].Schizophr Res,2016,171(1-3):42-49.
[21]YIN J,DISHMAN R K.The effect of Tai Chi and Qigong practice on depression and anxiety symptoms:A systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].Ment Health Phys Act,2014,7(3):135-146.
[22]FITZPATRICK R,MCClOSKEY D I.Proprioceptive,visual and vestibular thresholds for the perception of sway during standing in humans[J].J Physiol,1994,478(Pt1):173-186.
[23]YING L,CHIAT L.Chinese Science in Piano Pedagogy:Evaluating the Chronicles of Piano Playing Technique with Taichi[J].ProcediaSocial and Behavioral Sciences,2012,46(1):3102-3106.
[24]DU S,DONG J,ZHANG H,et al.Taichi exercise for self-rated sleep quality in older people:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Int JNurs Stud,2015,52(1):368-379.
[25]MACEDO C,GAZZOLA J M,Ricci N A,et al.Influence of sensory information on static balance in older patients with vestibular disorder[J].Braz J Otorhinolaryngol,2015,81(1):50-57.
[26]KWOK J C,HUICHAN C W,TSANG W W.Effects of aging and Tai Chi on finger-pointing toward stationary and moving visual targets[J].Arch Phys Med Rehabil,2010,91(1):149-155.
[27]OH S Y,BOEGLE R,ERTL M,et al.Multisensory vestibular,vestibular-auditory,and auditory network effects revealed by parametric sound pressure stimulation[J].Neuroimage,2018,176:354-363.
[28]ROIJEZON U,CLARK N C,TRELEAVEN J.Proprioception in musculoskeletal rehabilitation.Part 1:Basic science and principles of assessment and clinical interventions[J].Man Ther,2015,20(3):368-377.
[29]FELDMAN A G.Threshold position control signifies a common spatial frame of reference for motor action and kinesthesia[J].Brain Res Bull,2008,75(5):497-499.
[30]CHIANCHIERO M,DRESELY B,SILVA U,et al.The relationship between range of movement,flexibility,and balance in the elderly[J].Top Geriatr Rehabil,2010,26(2):148-155.
[31]ALSALAHEEN B,HAINES J,YORKE A,et al.Reliability and Construct Validity of Limits of Stability Test in Adolescents Using a Portable Forceplate System[J].Arch Phys Med Rehabil,2015,96(12):2194-2200.
[32]TUTHILL J C,WILSON R I.Mechanosensation and Adaptive Motor Control in Insects[J].Curr Biol,2016,26(20):R1022-R1038.
[33]SADEGHI H,HAKIM M N,HAMID T A,et al.The effect of exergaming on knee proprioception in older men:A randomized controlled trial[J].Arch Gerontol Geriatr,2017,69:144-150.
[34]XU D Q.The effects of Tai Chi exercise on proprioception and neuromuscular responses in the elderly people[D].Hong Kong:The Chinese University of Hong Kong,2003,22-45.
[35]TSANG W W,CHAN H.Effects of tai chi on joint proprioception and stability limits in elderly subjects[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2003,35(12):1962-1971.
[36]WU G,REN X.Speed effect of selected Tai Chi Chuan movement on leg muscle activity in young and old practitioners[J].Clin Biomech(Bristol,Avon),2009,24(5):415-421.
[37]周伟良.传统武术训练理论论绎[J].北京:北京体育大学,2002,25(4):542-544.
[38]HUANG Y,LIU X.Improvement of balance control ability and flexibility in the elderly Tai Chi Chuan(TCC)practitioners:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Arch Gerontol Geriatr,2015,60(2):233-238.
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