种子活力和DNA甲基化关系的研究进展
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摘要
种子活力在发育中逐渐形成,成熟期随着水分的减少,种子获得最大活力。期间发生了许多重要的生理生化反应,如营养物质大量积累、酶和mRNA的钝化等,为种子活力的保持和萌发做好准备。植物中有20%~30%的核基因组DNA胞嘧啶处于甲基化状态,DNA甲基化可以调节基因的表达,维持植物基因组稳定。而植物的DNA甲基化状态在不同器官、不同组织、甚至发育的不同阶段都是不同的,这与遗传和外界环境的刺激相关。在种子的活力形成和萌发过程中,DNA甲基化状态也发生了复杂的变化,这种变化具有种属特异性。种子活力的遗传基础复杂,且受到环境因素的影响。种子经历逆境胁迫时,DNA甲基化状态会发生改变,种子活力水平也会下降,这可能是由于逆境胁迫相关基因的DNA甲基化状态发生变化引起的。
The seed vigor gradually formed in the mature period of development, with the decrease of water, the seed obtains the maximum vigor. During this period, many important physiological and biochemical reactions, such as the accumulation of nutrients, the passivation of enzymes and mRNA and so on, are ready for seed vigor maintenance and germination. There are 20%–3 0% of the nuclear genome of DNA cytosine in methylation status of plants, DNA methylation can regulate gene expression and maintain plant genome stability. The DNA methylation status of plants is different in different organs, different tissues and even different stages of development, which is related to the stimulation of heredity and external environment. In the process of seed vigor formation and germination, the DNA methylation status has also undergone complex changes, which are specific to the species. The genetic basis of seed vigor is complex and is strongly influenced by environmental factors. When seeds are experiencing adversity stress, the DNA methylation state will change, and seed vigor level will also decrease. This may be due to the change of DNA methylation state of stress related genes and the change of gene expression. Under stress, the methylation status of the seed DNA changes and the seed vigor level will decrease. This may be caused by changes in the DNA methylation status of the related genes.
The seed vigor gradually formed in the mature period of development, with the decrease of water, the seed obtains the maximum vigor. During this period, many important physiological and biochemical reactions, such as the accumulation of nutrients, the passivation of enzymes and mRNA and so on, are ready for seed vigor maintenance and germination. There are 20%–3 0% of the nuclear genome of DNA cytosine in methylation status of plants, DNA methylation can regulate gene expression and maintain plant genome stability. The DNA methylation status of plants is different in different organs, different tissues and even different stages of development, which is related to the stimulation of heredity and external environment. In the process of seed vigor formation and germination, the DNA methylation status has also undergone complex changes, which are specific to the species. The genetic basis of seed vigor is complex and is strongly influenced by environmental factors. When seeds are experiencing adversity stress, the DNA methylation state will change, and seed vigor level will also decrease. This may be due to the change of DNA methylation state of stress related genes and the change of gene expression. Under stress, the methylation status of the seed DNA changes and the seed vigor level will decrease. This may be caused by changes in the DNA methylation status of the related genes.
引文
Angelovici R,Galili G,Fernie AR,et al(2010).A bridge between maturation and germination.Trends Plant Sci,15(4):211-218
Bassel GW,Fung P,Chow TFF,et al(2008).Elucidating the germination transcriptional program using small molecules.Plant Physiol,147:143-155
Bennetzen JL,Springer PS(1994).The generation of mutator transposable element subfamilies in maize.Theor Appl Genet,87:657-667
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Cao X,Jacobsen SE(2002).Role of the arabidopsis DRMmethyltransferases in de novo DNA methylation and gene silencing.Curr Biol,12(13):1138-1144
Clerkx EJM,De Vries HB,Ruys GJ,et al(2004).Genetic differences in seed longevity of various Arabidopsis mutants.Physiol Plant,121:448-461
Fang YM,Song M(2006).Advances in seed vigor.Seed Sci Technol,(2):33-36(in Chinese)[方玉梅,宋明(2006).种子活力研究进展.种子科技,(2):33-36]
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Flavell RB(1994).Inactivation of gene expression in plants as a on sequence of specific consequence duplication.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,91(9):3490-3496
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Bennetzen JL,Springer PS(1994).The generation of mutator transposable element subfamilies in maize.Theor Appl Genet,87:657-667
Cao LY,Zhu J,Ren LF,et al(2002).Mapping QTLs and epistasis for seedling vigor in rice(Oryza sativa L.).Acta Agron Sin,28:809-815(in Chinese with English abstract)[曹立勇,朱军,任立飞等(2002).水稻幼苗活力相关性状的QTLs定位和上位性分析.作物学报,28:809-815]
Cao X,Jacobsen SE(2002).Role of the arabidopsis DRMmethyltransferases in de novo DNA methylation and gene silencing.Curr Biol,12(13):1138-1144
Clerkx EJM,De Vries HB,Ruys GJ,et al(2004).Genetic differences in seed longevity of various Arabidopsis mutants.Physiol Plant,121:448-461
Fang YM,Song M(2006).Advances in seed vigor.Seed Sci Technol,(2):33-36(in Chinese)[方玉梅,宋明(2006).种子活力研究进展.种子科技,(2):33-36]
Finnegan EJ,Dennis ES(1993).Isolation and identification by sequence homology of a putative cytosine methyltransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana.Nucleic Acids Res,21(10):2383-2388
Flavell RB(1994).Inactivation of gene expression in plants as a on sequence of specific consequence duplication.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,91(9):3490-3496
Gallardo K,Job C,Groot SPC,et al(2002).Importance of methionine biosynthesis for Arabidopsis seed germination and seedling growth.Physiol Plant,116:238-247
Gao GZ,Chen B(2011).DNA methylation of seed in response to heat stress of Brassica rape L.Acta Agron Sin,10:1597-1604(in Chinese with English abstract)[高桂珍,陈碧云(2011).热胁迫过程中白菜型油菜种子DNA的甲基化.作物学报,10:1597-1604]
Gehring M,Bubb KL,Henikoff S(2009).Extensive demethylation of repetitive elements during seed development underlies gene imprinting.Science,324:1447-1451
Han ZP(2014).QTL localization of maize seed vigor and cloning of related genes(dissertation).Kaifeng:Henan Agricultural University(in Chinese with English abstract)[韩赞平(2014).玉米种子活力相关性状QTL定位及相关基因的克隆(学位论文).开封:河南农业大学]
Hsieh TF,Ibarra CA,Silva P,et al(2009).Genome-wide demethylation of Arabidopsis endosperm.Science,324,1451-1454
Huang Q,Li YX,Wei XJ,et al(2013).A review of seed deterioration and repair.Seed,32(4):40-44(in chinese)[黄情,李云霞,魏先杰等(2013).种子劣变与修复.种子,32(4):40-44]
Huang XM,Fu JR,Song SQ(2000).The contributing factors and induction of seed desiccation Tolerance.Plant Physiol J,36:464-469(in Chinese)[黄雪梅,傅家瑞,宋松泉(2000).种子脱水耐性的成因及人工诱导.植物生理学报,36:464-469]
Jeddeloh JA,Bender J,Richards EJ(1998).The DNAmethylation locus DDM1 is required for maintenance of gene silencing in Arabidopsis.Genes Dev,12:1714-1725
Jiang X,Li CY,Mao T(2005).Mapping of QTL controlling low-temperature germinability in rice.J Wuhan Bot Res,23(3):216-220(in Chinese with English abstract)[姜旋,李辰昱,毛婷(2005).水稻低温发芽性QTL的分子标记定位.武汉植物学研究,23(3):216-220]
Kapoor A,Agius F,Zhu JK(2005).Preventing transcriptional gene silencing by active DNA demethylation.FEBS Lett,579(26):5889-5898
Li CL,Lu M,Liu WG,et al(2012).Analysis of artificical aging maize seed vigor and physiological index related to genome DNA methylation variation.J Maize Sci,23(2):93-98(in Chinese with English abstract)[李春雷,路明,刘文国等(2012).人工老化玉米种子活力指标、生理指标与基因组DNA甲基化变异的研究.玉米科学,23(2):93-98]
Li QF,Yi JF,Li N,et al(1996).The study on the causes of seed deterioration and deterioration.J Inner Mongolia Coll Agric Animal Husbandry,17:59-65(in Chinese)[李青丰,易津房,丽宁等(1996).种子的劣变及劣变原因的研究.内蒙古农牧学院学报,17:59-65]
Li ZH,Wang JH(2015).Advances in research of physiological and molecular mechanism in seed vigor and germination.Sci Agric Sin,48(4):646-660(in Chinese with English abstract)[李振华,王建华(2015).种子活力与萌发的生理与分子机制研究进展.中国农业科学,48(4):646-660]
Liu J(2016).The study on the relationship between heat resistance and DNA methylation in wheat seedlings(dissertation).Beijing:China Agricultural University(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘建(2016).小麦苗期耐热性和DNA甲基化的关系研究(学位论文).北京:中国农业大学]
Liu J,Huang SZ,Fu J,et al(2001).Advances on relation between seed vigor and proteins.Chin Bull Bot,18(1):46-51(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘军,黄上志,傅家瑞等(2001).种子活力与蛋白质关系的研究进展.植物学通报,18(1):46-51]
Liu Y(2012).The study of DNA methylation changes of Cymbidium's ovary after fertilization(dissertation).Tianjin Agricultural University[刘阳(2012).大花蕙兰子房受精后不同时期DNA甲基化变化的研究(学位论文).天津:天津农学院]
Liu ZG,Zhang Y,Zhang YL(2008).Advances in research on wheat seed vigor.Anhui Agric Sci,36(1):86-88(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘志刚,张雁,张亚丽(2008).小麦种子活力研究进展.安徽农业科学,36(1):86-88]
Liu ZQ(1991).The role of plant hormones in grain development.Seeds,2:33-36(in Chinese)[刘仲齐(1991).植物激素在籽粒发育中的作用.种子,2:33-36]
Liu ZS(2015).Transcriptome profiling and differential homeologous genes expression analysis of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)seedlings euring erought stress,heat stress and their combination(dissertation).Beijing:China Agricultural University[刘振山(2015).小麦苗期干旱、高温和旱热共胁迫转录表达谱及ABD部分同源基因表达分化分析(学位论文).北京:中国农业大学]
Martienssen R(1996).Epigenetic Silencing of Mu Transposable Elements in Maize.In:Riggs A,Martienssen R,Russo V(eds).Epigenetic Mechanisms of Gene Regulation.NY:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,593-608
Miura K,Lin SY,Yano M,et al(2002).Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling seed longevity in rice(Oryza sativa L).Theo Appl Genet,104:981-986
Nakabayashi K,Okamoto M,Koshiba T,et al(2005).Genome-wide profiling of stored m RNA in Arabidopsis thaliana seed germination:epigenetic and genetic regulation of transcription in seed.Plant J,41:697-709
Qiao X(2011).Diversity analysis of DNA methylation during seed maturation and germination in barley(dissertation).Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural Uniersity(in Chinese with English abstract)[乔幸(2011).大麦种子成熟和萌发过程DNA甲基化多样性分析(学位论文).成都:四川农业大学]
Shen YZ(2011).Analysis of seed deterioration factors.Edu Forum,(20):243-243(in Chinese)[沈玉忠(2011).种子劣变因素的分析.教育学论坛,(20):243-243]
Shi YJ,Li QH,Liu XH(2013).Progress in studies of DNAmethylation and gene expression regulation.China Biotechnol,33(7):90-96(in Chinese with English abstract)[史玉杰,李庆贺,刘晓辉(2013).DNA甲基化与基因表达调控研究进展.中国生物工程杂志,33(7):90-96]
Steward N,Kusano T,Sano H(2000).Expression of ZmMET1.a gene encoding a DNA methyltransferase from maize,is associated not only with DNA replication in actively proliferating cells,but also with altered DNAmethylation status in cold-stressed quiescent cells.Nucleic Acids Res,28(17):3250-3259
Sun Q,Wang JH,Sun BQ(2007).Advances on seed vigor physiological and genetic mechanisms.Sci Agric Sin,40(1):48-53(in Chinese with English abstract)[孙群,王建华,孙宝启(2007).种子活力的生理和遗传机理研究进展.中国农业科学,40(1):48-53]
Teyssier E,Bernacchia G,Maury S(2008).Tissue dependent variations of DNA methylation and endoreduplication levels during tomato fruit development and ripening.Planta,228(3):391-399
Tricker PJ,George GJ,Rodríguez LCM,et al(2012).Low relative humidity triggers RNA-directed de novo DNAmethylation and suppression of genes controlling stomatal development.J Exp Bot,63:3799-3813
Varagona MJ,Purugganan M,Wessler SR(1992).Alternative splicing induced by insertion of retrotransposons into the maize waxy gene.Plant Cell,4(7):811-820
Wang D,Fu BY,Zhang LJ(2008).The plant’s epigenetic variation and response to environmental stress.Mol Plant Breeding,6:567-573(in Chinese with English abstract)[王迪,傅彬英,张立军(2008).植物表观遗传变化与环境压力研究进展.分子育种,6:567-573]
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