阴山山脉典型森林植被土壤酶活性与微生物数量的研究
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摘要
以阴山山脉6种典型森林植被土壤作为研究对象,利用传统稀释涂布平板法对微生物数量计数,并对土壤脲酶、亚硝酸还原酶和羟胺还原酶活性进行测定,探究其相关性。结果表明:不同植被的土壤酶活性和土壤微生物数量均呈显著差异性。脲酶活性中虎榛子最高,为84.90mgNH_3-N/g干土·24h;亚硝酸还原酶活性中白桦最高,为8.82mgNO_2-N/g干土·24h;羟胺还原酶活性中为杜松最高,是10.56mgNH_2OH/g土·5h。土壤微生物数量上都表现为细菌>固氮菌>真菌,均为虎榛子最高。相关性分析表明,土壤脲酶活性与三种微生物数量都呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),羟胺还原酶活性与细菌和固氮菌呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与真菌呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。总体研究结果证明:在阴山山脉森林土壤生态系统中,除真菌数量外,酶活性、细菌和固氮菌数量表现为落叶阔叶林>常绿针叶林,落叶阔叶灌丛>常绿针叶灌丛,落叶阔叶疏林<常绿针叶疏林,植被类型对土壤酶活性和土壤微生物数量的影响很大。
This study selected soil of six typical forest vegetations in the Yinshan Mountains as research objects, soil microorganisms quantity were counted using dilution plate method, and three soil enzyme activities were determined to explore their correlation. The results showed that: The soil enzyme activity and soil microorganisms quantity of different vegetations showed significant differences. The soil urease activity was the highest in the Ostryopsis davidiaha, which was 84.90mgNH_3-N/g dry soil·24 h; the highest nitrite reductase activity was 8.82mgNO_2-N/g soil dry·24 h in Betula platyphylla; the hydroxylamine reductase activity was the highest in Juniperus rigida, 10.56mg NH_2OH/g dry soil·5 h. The number of three soil microorganisms was represented by bacteria>nitrogen-fixing bacteria>fungi, which is the highest in Ostryopsis davidiaha. By the correlation analysis, there were significant positive correlations between soil urease activity and the number of bacteria, fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria(P<0.01). Hydroxylamine reductase activity was significantly positively correlated with bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria(P<0.01), and was positively correlated with fungi(P<0.05). The whole research results show that in addition to fungi quantity, the enzyme activity, bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria showed broadleaf forest>coniferous forest, broadleaf shrub>coniferous shrub, broadleaf woodland < coniferous woodland in the forest soil ecosystem of Yinshan Mountain. Vegetation types have a great influence on soil enzyme activity and soil microbial quantity.
This study selected soil of six typical forest vegetations in the Yinshan Mountains as research objects, soil microorganisms quantity were counted using dilution plate method, and three soil enzyme activities were determined to explore their correlation. The results showed that: The soil enzyme activity and soil microorganisms quantity of different vegetations showed significant differences. The soil urease activity was the highest in the Ostryopsis davidiaha, which was 84.90mgNH_3-N/g dry soil·24 h; the highest nitrite reductase activity was 8.82mgNO_2-N/g soil dry·24 h in Betula platyphylla; the hydroxylamine reductase activity was the highest in Juniperus rigida, 10.56mg NH_2OH/g dry soil·5 h. The number of three soil microorganisms was represented by bacteria>nitrogen-fixing bacteria>fungi, which is the highest in Ostryopsis davidiaha. By the correlation analysis, there were significant positive correlations between soil urease activity and the number of bacteria, fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria(P<0.01). Hydroxylamine reductase activity was significantly positively correlated with bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria(P<0.01), and was positively correlated with fungi(P<0.05). The whole research results show that in addition to fungi quantity, the enzyme activity, bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria showed broadleaf forest>coniferous forest, broadleaf shrub>coniferous shrub, broadleaf woodland < coniferous woodland in the forest soil ecosystem of Yinshan Mountain. Vegetation types have a great influence on soil enzyme activity and soil microbial quantity.
引文
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[9] 金红喜,何芳兰,李昌龙,等.玛曲沙化高寒草甸植被、土壤理化性质及土壤微生物数量研究[J].草业学报,2015,24(11):20-28.
[10] 铁展畅,阿不都克尤木,巴依木热杜夫·P·B,等.塔吉克斯坦不同土地利用方式对土壤微生物区系及活性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(5):177-184.
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[12] Barbi F,Prudent E,Vallon L,et al.Tree species select diverse soil fungal communities expressing different sets of lignocellulolytic enzyme-encoding genes[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2016,100:149-159.
[13] 牛艳芳,闫伟,陈立红.阿尔山白桦根际土壤固氮菌多样性及特性[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(5):101-105,120.
[14] 陈艳,何倩倩.玉溪市红塔区不同土地利用方式对土壤微生物数量及活性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(23):109-113.
[15] 关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1986:274-337.
[16] 郑莹莹.干湿交替对土壤氮素转化及生物学特性的影响[D].上海:东华大学,2013:1-76.
[17] 许光辉.土壤微生物分析方法手册[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:102-125.
[18] 张静,高云华,张池,等.不同土地利用方式下赤红壤生物学性状及其与土壤肥力的关系[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(12):3423-3430.
[19] 张焱华,吴敏,何鹏,等.土壤酶活性与土壤肥力关系的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(34):11139-11142.
[20] 郑伟,黄卫红,韩建刚.崇明东滩湿地沉积物反硝化酶活性对干湿交替过程的响应研究[J].土壤通报,2013,44(1):122-127.
[21] 张静.陕北农牧交错带荒漠化土地植被恢复重建过程土壤效应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010:1-112.
[22] 马媛,李钢铁,梁田雨,等.浑善达克沙地榆树生长状况与根际土壤微生物的关系研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(9):184-188.
[23] 陈维,刘俊龙,佘诚棋,等.安徽中南部5种主要森林类型土壤微生物数量分析[J].安徽林业科技,2013,39(1):3-6.
[24] 刘雷.内蒙古大青山四个树种根围土壤微生物多样性和群落结构研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2017:1-69.
[25] 陈莉莉,王得祥,于飞,等.松栎混交林土壤微生物数量与土壤酶活性及土壤养分关系的研究[J].土壤通报,2014,45(1):77-84.
[26] 严海元,辜夕容,申鸿.森林凋落物的微生物分解[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(9):1827-1835.
[27] 张俊忠.我国林地土壤微生物研究进展[J].现代园艺,2013(8):199-199.
[28] 张胜男,闫德仁,袁立敏.森林土壤微生物分布及其功能特征研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2018(5):1-12.
[2] 孔昭宸,杜乃秋.内蒙古自治区几个考古地点的孢粉分析在古植被和古气候上的意义[J].植物生态学报,1981,5(3):193-202.
[3] 盖山林.举世罕见的珍贵古代民族文物-绵延二万一千平方公里的阴山岩画[J].内蒙古社会科学(汉文版),1980(2):27-39.
[4] 冯林.内蒙古森林[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1989:4-51.
[5] 齐云龙.大青山古路板不同林型土壤AM真菌多样性及其分布特征的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2012:1-76.
[6] 秦纪洪,张文宣,王琴,等.亚高山森林土壤酶活性的温度敏感性特征[J].土壤学报,2013,50(6):1241-1245.
[7] 李建平,欧江,宋小艳,等.马尾松人工林林窗土壤有效氮和氮转化酶活性的季节动态[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(9):2598-2604.
[8] 阮长林,吴浩浩,徐星凯,等.不同浸提剂提取的森林土壤溶解性有机质比较[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(11):1-7.
[9] 金红喜,何芳兰,李昌龙,等.玛曲沙化高寒草甸植被、土壤理化性质及土壤微生物数量研究[J].草业学报,2015,24(11):20-28.
[10] 铁展畅,阿不都克尤木,巴依木热杜夫·P·B,等.塔吉克斯坦不同土地利用方式对土壤微生物区系及活性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(5):177-184.
[11] Bardgett R D,Van der Putten W H.Belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functioning[J].Nature,2014,515:505-511.
[12] Barbi F,Prudent E,Vallon L,et al.Tree species select diverse soil fungal communities expressing different sets of lignocellulolytic enzyme-encoding genes[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2016,100:149-159.
[13] 牛艳芳,闫伟,陈立红.阿尔山白桦根际土壤固氮菌多样性及特性[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(5):101-105,120.
[14] 陈艳,何倩倩.玉溪市红塔区不同土地利用方式对土壤微生物数量及活性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(23):109-113.
[15] 关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1986:274-337.
[16] 郑莹莹.干湿交替对土壤氮素转化及生物学特性的影响[D].上海:东华大学,2013:1-76.
[17] 许光辉.土壤微生物分析方法手册[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:102-125.
[18] 张静,高云华,张池,等.不同土地利用方式下赤红壤生物学性状及其与土壤肥力的关系[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(12):3423-3430.
[19] 张焱华,吴敏,何鹏,等.土壤酶活性与土壤肥力关系的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(34):11139-11142.
[20] 郑伟,黄卫红,韩建刚.崇明东滩湿地沉积物反硝化酶活性对干湿交替过程的响应研究[J].土壤通报,2013,44(1):122-127.
[21] 张静.陕北农牧交错带荒漠化土地植被恢复重建过程土壤效应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010:1-112.
[22] 马媛,李钢铁,梁田雨,等.浑善达克沙地榆树生长状况与根际土壤微生物的关系研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(9):184-188.
[23] 陈维,刘俊龙,佘诚棋,等.安徽中南部5种主要森林类型土壤微生物数量分析[J].安徽林业科技,2013,39(1):3-6.
[24] 刘雷.内蒙古大青山四个树种根围土壤微生物多样性和群落结构研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2017:1-69.
[25] 陈莉莉,王得祥,于飞,等.松栎混交林土壤微生物数量与土壤酶活性及土壤养分关系的研究[J].土壤通报,2014,45(1):77-84.
[26] 严海元,辜夕容,申鸿.森林凋落物的微生物分解[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(9):1827-1835.
[27] 张俊忠.我国林地土壤微生物研究进展[J].现代园艺,2013(8):199-199.
[28] 张胜男,闫德仁,袁立敏.森林土壤微生物分布及其功能特征研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2018(5):1-12.
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