鸢尾联合固定化菌剂净化河道水体的微生态过程
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摘要
应用高通量测序技术,以鸢尾为研究对象,通过分析其与固定化净水菌剂共同作用处理河道污水过程中水体微生物群落的变化过程,探索植物-微生物的相互作用和耦合效应。实验用水为河道污水,设置鸢尾、鸢尾+固定化净水菌、固定化净水菌和空白对照4个实验组,通过控制流速,在实验装置内进行动态模拟实验。结果显示,相较于进水,各个实验组出水中氨氮呈下降趋势,并在6 d后保持稳定,总氮去除效率较低。水体总有机碳同样呈下降趋势,并在3 d后保持稳定,但化学需氧量去除效率较低。水体细菌多样性丰富,涵盖10个门67个属,细菌群落呈动态变化过程,鸢尾和固定化净水菌均对其产生影响。氨氧化功能微生物主要集中在变形菌门,已知分类的种属相对丰度较低。反硝化功能微生物集中在变形菌门的6个属,群落存在动态变化过程。结果表明,鸢尾与固定化净水菌在水体净化过程中具有显著作用,对水体细菌群落变化产生影响,并存在着一定的协同作用,其中,固定化净水菌的作用强于鸢尾。
In order to explore the plant-microorganism interaction and coupling effects,high throughput sequencing technique was used to study the dynamic changes of microbial community in the river sewage by the coupling of Iris tectorum and immobilized water purification bacteria. The source water used in the experiment was river sewage. Four experimental groups were set up: Iris tectorum,Iris tectorum and immobilized water purification bacteria,immobilized water purification bacteria,and blank control. The dynamic simulation experiment was carried out in the experimental device by controlling the flow rate. The results demonstrated that,compared with the inflow water,the ammonia nitrogen in the outflow was on a downward trend,and remained stable after 6 days. The removal efficiency of total nitrogen was low. Total organic carbon in the water also presented a downturn trend and remained stable after 3 days.The removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand was low. The water was rich in bacterial diversity,covering 10 phyla and 67 genera. The bacterial communities presented a dynamic changing function,which was influenced both by Iris tectorum and immobilized water purification bacteria. Ammonia oxidizing functional microorganisms were mainly affiliated in Proteobacteria,with rather low relative abundance in the species of known classifications. Denitrification functional microorganisms mainly focused on 6 genera of Proteobacteria,whose communities also presented a dynamic changing process. The results showed that Iris tectorum and immobilized bacteria had a significant effect on the water purification process,and had a certain synergistic effect on the changes of bacterial community in water body,and the effect of immobilized water purification bacteria was stronger than that of Iris tectorum.
In order to explore the plant-microorganism interaction and coupling effects,high throughput sequencing technique was used to study the dynamic changes of microbial community in the river sewage by the coupling of Iris tectorum and immobilized water purification bacteria. The source water used in the experiment was river sewage. Four experimental groups were set up: Iris tectorum,Iris tectorum and immobilized water purification bacteria,immobilized water purification bacteria,and blank control. The dynamic simulation experiment was carried out in the experimental device by controlling the flow rate. The results demonstrated that,compared with the inflow water,the ammonia nitrogen in the outflow was on a downward trend,and remained stable after 6 days. The removal efficiency of total nitrogen was low. Total organic carbon in the water also presented a downturn trend and remained stable after 3 days.The removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand was low. The water was rich in bacterial diversity,covering 10 phyla and 67 genera. The bacterial communities presented a dynamic changing function,which was influenced both by Iris tectorum and immobilized water purification bacteria. Ammonia oxidizing functional microorganisms were mainly affiliated in Proteobacteria,with rather low relative abundance in the species of known classifications. Denitrification functional microorganisms mainly focused on 6 genera of Proteobacteria,whose communities also presented a dynamic changing process. The results showed that Iris tectorum and immobilized bacteria had a significant effect on the water purification process,and had a certain synergistic effect on the changes of bacterial community in water body,and the effect of immobilized water purification bacteria was stronger than that of Iris tectorum.
引文
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[19]王文君,黄道明.国内外河流生态修复研究进展[J].水生态学杂志,2012,33(4):142-146.WANG W J,HUANG D M.Research progress of river restoration research at home and abroad[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2012,33(4):142-146.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]吴振斌.水生植物与水体生态修复[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[21]郑李军,傅明辉.水葫芦根际细菌群落结构多样性分析[J].微生物学通报,2015,42(11):2115-2125.ZHENG L J,FU M H.Analysis of the diversity of bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere of Eichhornia crassipes[J].Microbiology,2015,42(11):2115-2125.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]何聃,任丽娟,邢鹏,等.沉水植物附着细菌群落结构及其多样性研究进展[J].生命科学,2014,26(2):161-168.HE D,REN L J,XING P,et al.Research progress of diversity and community structure of epiphytic bacteria on submerged macrophytes[J].Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences,2014,26(2):161-168.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]范立民,陈家长,吴伟,等.水葫芦栽培对池塘浮游细菌群落结构影响初探[J].上海海洋大学学报,2015,24(4):513-522.FAN L M,CHEN J Z,WU W,et al.Effect of water hyacinth planting on microbial community structures in water of a tilapia cultural pond[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2015,24(4):513-522.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]FUHRMAN J A.Microbial community structure and its functional implications[J].Nature,2009,459(7244):193-199.
[2]王智,张志勇,韩亚平,等.滇池湖湾大水域种养水葫芦对水质的影响分析[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(11):3827-3832.WANG Z,ZHANG Z Y,HAN Y P,et al.Effects of large-area planting water hyacinth(Eichhornia crassipes)on water quality in the bay of Lake Dianchi[J].Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control,2012,6(11):3827-3832.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]任照阳,邓春光.生态浮床技术应用研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(S1):261-263.REN Z Y,DENG C G.Application of ecological floating bed technology[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Sciences,2007,26(S1):261-263.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]唐林森,陈进,黄茁.人工生物浮岛在富营养化水体治理中的应用[J].长江科学院院报,2008,25(1):21-24.TANG L S,CHEN J,HUANG Z.The development of artificial floating-island[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2008,25(1):21-24.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]徐亚同,史家樑,袁磊.上澳塘水体生物修复试验[J].上海环境科学,2000,19(10):480-484.XU Y T,SHI J L,YUAN L.Bioremediation test in Shang'ao River water[J].Shanghai Environmental Sciences,2000,19(10):480-484.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]黄民生,徐亚同,戚仁海.苏州河污染支流:绥宁河生物修复试验研究[J].上海环境科学,2003(6):384-388.HUANG M S,XU Y T,QI R H.In situ bioremediation of seriously polluted Sui-ning Creek[J].Shanghai Environmental Sciences,2003(6):384-388.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]姚晓丽,梁运祥.微生物技术改善河道水质的研究[J].环境科学与技术,2007,30(6):59-61.YAO X L,LIANG Y X.Improving water quality of rivers by microbial technology[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2007,30(6):59-61.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]毛雪慧,徐明芳,刘辉.复合固定化光合细菌及其处理养鱼水的效果[J].生态科学,2009,28(1):38-42.MAO X H,XU M F,LIU H.Immobilization technique of photosynthetic bacteria and its use in aquaculture wastewater remediation[J].Ecological Science,2009,28(1):38-42.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]王青松,柳永,王新,等.基于质构量化分析的净水菌胶囊制备及其性能研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2015,41(6):712-722.WANG Q S,LIU Y,WANG X,et al.Preparation and performance study of water purification bacteria-embedded solid capsules based on texture profile analysis[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture&Life Sciences),2015,41(6):712-722.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]闫秋月,柳永,王新,等.缓释碳源与净水菌胶囊组合脱氮净水性能研究[J].浙江农业学报,2017,29(4):651-659.YAN Q Y,LIU Y,WANG X,et al.Research on co-denitrification performance of slow-release organic carbon source and water purification bacteria-embedded solid capsules[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2017,29(4):651-659.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]于鲁冀,李廷梅,刘攀龙,等.微生物固定化技术在河流治理中的应用及研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2016,32(8):56-61.YU L J,LI T M,LIU P L,et al.Application of microbial immobilized technology in river pollution control and its research progress[J].Biotechnology Bulletin,2016,32(8):56-61.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]魏瑞霞,武会强,张锦瑞,等.植物浮床-微生物对污染水体的修复作用[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(1):68-74.WEI R X,WU H Q,ZHANG J R,et al.Remediation effects of plant floating bed-microorganism on contaminated water[J].Ecology and Environment,2009,18(1):68-74.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]李敏,段登选,许国晶,等.大薸-微生态制剂协同净化养殖池塘富营养化水体的效果[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(1):94-99.LI M,DUAN D X,XU G J,et al.Effects of Pista stratiotesprobiotics purifying eutrophied pond water[J].Journal of E-cology and Rural Environment,2015,31(1):94-99.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]BIDDLE J F,FITZ-GIBBON S,SCHUSTER S C,et al.Metagenomic signatures of the Peru Margin subseafloor biosphere show a genetically distinct environment[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2008,105(30):10583-10588.
[15]MEINHARDT K A,BERTAGNOLLI A,PANNU M W,et al.Evaluation of revised polymerase chain reaction primers for more inclusive quantification of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria[J].Environmental Microbiology Reports,2015,7(2):354-363.
[16]BRAKER G,ZHOU J,WU L,et al.Nitrite reductase genes(nir K and nirS)as functional markers to investigate diversity of denitrifying bacteria in Pacific Northwest marine sediment communities[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2000,66(5):2096-2104.
[17]HE Z,XU M,DENG Y,et al.Metagenomic analysis reveals a marked divergence in the structure of belowground microbial communities at elevated CO2[J].Ecology Letters,2010,13(5):564-575.
[18]FIERER N,HAMADY M,LAUBER C L,et al.The influence of sex,handedness,and washing on the diversity of hand surface bacteria[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2008,105(46):17994-17999.
[19]王文君,黄道明.国内外河流生态修复研究进展[J].水生态学杂志,2012,33(4):142-146.WANG W J,HUANG D M.Research progress of river restoration research at home and abroad[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2012,33(4):142-146.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]吴振斌.水生植物与水体生态修复[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[21]郑李军,傅明辉.水葫芦根际细菌群落结构多样性分析[J].微生物学通报,2015,42(11):2115-2125.ZHENG L J,FU M H.Analysis of the diversity of bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere of Eichhornia crassipes[J].Microbiology,2015,42(11):2115-2125.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]何聃,任丽娟,邢鹏,等.沉水植物附着细菌群落结构及其多样性研究进展[J].生命科学,2014,26(2):161-168.HE D,REN L J,XING P,et al.Research progress of diversity and community structure of epiphytic bacteria on submerged macrophytes[J].Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences,2014,26(2):161-168.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]范立民,陈家长,吴伟,等.水葫芦栽培对池塘浮游细菌群落结构影响初探[J].上海海洋大学学报,2015,24(4):513-522.FAN L M,CHEN J Z,WU W,et al.Effect of water hyacinth planting on microbial community structures in water of a tilapia cultural pond[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2015,24(4):513-522.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]FUHRMAN J A.Microbial community structure and its functional implications[J].Nature,2009,459(7244):193-199.