2016～2017年北京市售保健食品中重金属监测结果分析与评价
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摘要
目的分析保健食品中重金属污染状况,评价北京市售保健食品重金属铅、总砷、总汞的总体水平。方法采用国家标准方法 ,对2016～2017年北京市售的1397批保健食品进行铅、总砷、总汞含量测定,采用Excel和SPSS 19.0进行数据统计,依据GB 16740-2014和产品质量标准判定,结合产品规格与食用方法 ,计算产品中重金属每周摄入量,用于安全评价。结果共检测1397批产品,总合格率为98.5%。铅、总砷、总汞合格率分别为98.9%、99.5%和99.8%;检出率分别为95.2%、85.5%和50.4%; 5种剂型保健食品中, 3种重金属元素含量均以茶剂最高,其差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001);1批胶囊剂中汞含量超标,但基本存在于胶囊壳中。筛选出39批婴幼儿保健食品,重金属含量均符合产品质量标准与国家标准要求。产品铅、总砷、总汞每周摄入量均符合粮农组织和世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)联合法典委员会要求。结论 2016～2017年北京市售保健食品中重金属整体监测情况良好,且无蓄积中毒的风险;茶剂产品的重金属含量较高,但考虑其冲泡方式的特殊性,实际重金属摄入量较低;另发现个别胶囊壳中汞含量超标,建议加强保健食品辅料、包材中重金属污染情况监测。
Objective To investigate and analyze the status of heavy metals pollution, and evaluate the general level of lead(Pb), arsenic(As) and mercury(Hg) in health food sold in Beijing. Methods The content of Pb, As and Hg in 1397 batches of health food from 2016 to 2017 was determined with methods from national standards, and was statistical analyzed with Excel and SPSS 19.0. According to GB 16740-2014 and product quality standards, and in combination with product specifications and edible methods, the weekly intake of heavy metals in products was calculated for safety evaluation. Results A total of 1397 batches of products were tested, with a total qualification rate of 98.5%. The qualified rates of lead, total arsenic and total mercury were 98.9%, 99.5% and 99.8%, respectively. The detection rate was 95.2%, 85.5% and 50.4%, respectively. Among the 5 dosage forms of health food, the contents of 3 heavy metals were the highest in tea, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001). The content of Hg in one batch of capsule exceeded the standard, but it is basically in the capsule shell. Totally 39 batches of baby and infant health food were selected, and the heavy metal content was in line with product quality standards and national standards. The weekly intake of lead, total arsenic and total mercury met the requirements of the joint FAO/WHO codex committee. Conclusion From 2016 to 2017, the overall monitoring of heavy metals in health food sold in Beijing was good, and there was no risk of accumulation poisoning. The heavy metal content of tea agent products is higher, but considering the particularity of its brewing method, the actual heavy metal intake is lower. In addition, excessive mercury content was found in some capsules, and it is suggested to strengthen monitoring of heavy metal pollution in health food accessories and packaging materials.
Objective To investigate and analyze the status of heavy metals pollution, and evaluate the general level of lead(Pb), arsenic(As) and mercury(Hg) in health food sold in Beijing. Methods The content of Pb, As and Hg in 1397 batches of health food from 2016 to 2017 was determined with methods from national standards, and was statistical analyzed with Excel and SPSS 19.0. According to GB 16740-2014 and product quality standards, and in combination with product specifications and edible methods, the weekly intake of heavy metals in products was calculated for safety evaluation. Results A total of 1397 batches of products were tested, with a total qualification rate of 98.5%. The qualified rates of lead, total arsenic and total mercury were 98.9%, 99.5% and 99.8%, respectively. The detection rate was 95.2%, 85.5% and 50.4%, respectively. Among the 5 dosage forms of health food, the contents of 3 heavy metals were the highest in tea, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001). The content of Hg in one batch of capsule exceeded the standard, but it is basically in the capsule shell. Totally 39 batches of baby and infant health food were selected, and the heavy metal content was in line with product quality standards and national standards. The weekly intake of lead, total arsenic and total mercury met the requirements of the joint FAO/WHO codex committee. Conclusion From 2016 to 2017, the overall monitoring of heavy metals in health food sold in Beijing was good, and there was no risk of accumulation poisoning. The heavy metal content of tea agent products is higher, but considering the particularity of its brewing method, the actual heavy metal intake is lower. In addition, excessive mercury content was found in some capsules, and it is suggested to strengthen monitoring of heavy metal pollution in health food accessories and packaging materials.
引文
[1]程益清,夏晶,李丽敏,等.上海市2011~2015年保健食品中铅、砷、汞污染状况分析及评价[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2016,(07):2587-2591.Cheng YQ, Xia J, Li LM, et al. Analysis and evaluation of Pb, As and Hg in health food in Shanghai from 2011 to 2015[J]. J Food Saf Qual, 2016,7(7):2587-2591.
[2]付玉生,李永利,王爱月,等.2008-2011年河南省保健食品铅、砷、汞污染状况分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2013, 25(2):173-175.Fu YS, Li YL, Wang AY, et al. Analysis of Pb, Hg and As in health foods in Henan province from 2008 to 2011[J]. Chin J Food Hyg, 2013, 25(2):173-175.
[3]曹民,闫革彬,姜永丽.北京市某区2003-2006年生产的保健食品铅、砷含量调查[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2008, 20(4):332-333.Cao M, Yan GB, Jiang YL. Survey on contents of lead and arsenic in health foods in one district of Beijing from 2003 to 2006[J]. Chin J Food Hyg, 2008, 20(4):332-333.
[4]姚智卿.铅对人体健康的危害[J].微量元素与健康研究,2011, 28(5):67-68.Yao ZQ. Lead on human health[J]. Stud J Trace Elem Health, 2011, 28(5):67-68.
[5]王秀红,边建朝.微量元素砷与人体健康[J].国外医学(医学地理分册),2005,(3):101-105.Wang XH, Bian JC. The trace element arsenic and human health[J].Foreign Med Sci, 2005,(3):101-105.
[6]许韫,李积胜.汞对人体健康的影响及其防治[J].国外医学(卫生学分册),2005, 32(5):278-281.Xu Y, Li JS. Effects of mercury on human health and its prevention[J].Foreign Med Sci, 2005, 32(5):278-281.
[7]游勇,鞠荣.重金属对食品的污染及其危害[J].环境,2007,(2):102-103.You Y, Ju R. Heavy metal pollution in food and its harm[J]. Environment,2007,(2):102-103.
[8] GB 16740-2014食品安全国家标准保健食品[S].GB 16740-2014 National food safety standard-Health food[S].
[9] GB 5009.12-2010食品安全国家标准食品中铅的测定[S].GB 5009.12-2010 National food safety standard-Determination of lead infoods[S].
[10] GB 5009.12-2017食品安全国家标准食品中铅的测定[S].GB 5009.12-2017 National food safety standard-Determination of lead in foods[S].
[11] GB 5009.11-2014食品安全国家标准食品中总砷及无机砷的测定[S].GB 5009.11-2014 National food safety standard-Determination of total arsenic and abio-arsenic in foods[S].
[12] GB 5009.17-2014食品安全国家标准食品中总汞及有机汞的测定[S].GB 5009.17-2014 National food safety standard-Determination of total mercury and organic-mercury in foods[S].
[13] GB 10765-2010食品安全国家标准婴儿配方食品[S].GB 10765-2010 National food safety standard-Infant formula[S].
[14] GB 10767-2010食品安全国家标准较大婴儿和幼儿配方食品[S].GB 10767-2010 National food safety standard-Older infant and young children formula[S].
[15]赵丹宇,郑云雁,李晓瑜.食品添加剂与污染物[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2003.Zhao DY, Zheng YY, Li XY. Food additives and contaminants[M].Beijing:Standards Press of China, 2003.
[16]王小骊,张永志,王钢军,等.蔬菜中有害重金属元素污染研究进展[J].浙江农业学报,2004, 16(5):15-18.Wang XL, Zhang YZ, Wang GJ, et al. Advance of study on harmful heavy metal pollution on vegetables[J]. Acta Agric Zhejiangensis, 2004, 16(5):15-18.
[17] GB 16740-1997保健(功能)食品通用标准[S].GB 16740-1997 General standard for health(functional)foods[S].
[2]付玉生,李永利,王爱月,等.2008-2011年河南省保健食品铅、砷、汞污染状况分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2013, 25(2):173-175.Fu YS, Li YL, Wang AY, et al. Analysis of Pb, Hg and As in health foods in Henan province from 2008 to 2011[J]. Chin J Food Hyg, 2013, 25(2):173-175.
[3]曹民,闫革彬,姜永丽.北京市某区2003-2006年生产的保健食品铅、砷含量调查[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2008, 20(4):332-333.Cao M, Yan GB, Jiang YL. Survey on contents of lead and arsenic in health foods in one district of Beijing from 2003 to 2006[J]. Chin J Food Hyg, 2008, 20(4):332-333.
[4]姚智卿.铅对人体健康的危害[J].微量元素与健康研究,2011, 28(5):67-68.Yao ZQ. Lead on human health[J]. Stud J Trace Elem Health, 2011, 28(5):67-68.
[5]王秀红,边建朝.微量元素砷与人体健康[J].国外医学(医学地理分册),2005,(3):101-105.Wang XH, Bian JC. The trace element arsenic and human health[J].Foreign Med Sci, 2005,(3):101-105.
[6]许韫,李积胜.汞对人体健康的影响及其防治[J].国外医学(卫生学分册),2005, 32(5):278-281.Xu Y, Li JS. Effects of mercury on human health and its prevention[J].Foreign Med Sci, 2005, 32(5):278-281.
[7]游勇,鞠荣.重金属对食品的污染及其危害[J].环境,2007,(2):102-103.You Y, Ju R. Heavy metal pollution in food and its harm[J]. Environment,2007,(2):102-103.
[8] GB 16740-2014食品安全国家标准保健食品[S].GB 16740-2014 National food safety standard-Health food[S].
[9] GB 5009.12-2010食品安全国家标准食品中铅的测定[S].GB 5009.12-2010 National food safety standard-Determination of lead infoods[S].
[10] GB 5009.12-2017食品安全国家标准食品中铅的测定[S].GB 5009.12-2017 National food safety standard-Determination of lead in foods[S].
[11] GB 5009.11-2014食品安全国家标准食品中总砷及无机砷的测定[S].GB 5009.11-2014 National food safety standard-Determination of total arsenic and abio-arsenic in foods[S].
[12] GB 5009.17-2014食品安全国家标准食品中总汞及有机汞的测定[S].GB 5009.17-2014 National food safety standard-Determination of total mercury and organic-mercury in foods[S].
[13] GB 10765-2010食品安全国家标准婴儿配方食品[S].GB 10765-2010 National food safety standard-Infant formula[S].
[14] GB 10767-2010食品安全国家标准较大婴儿和幼儿配方食品[S].GB 10767-2010 National food safety standard-Older infant and young children formula[S].
[15]赵丹宇,郑云雁,李晓瑜.食品添加剂与污染物[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2003.Zhao DY, Zheng YY, Li XY. Food additives and contaminants[M].Beijing:Standards Press of China, 2003.
[16]王小骊,张永志,王钢军,等.蔬菜中有害重金属元素污染研究进展[J].浙江农业学报,2004, 16(5):15-18.Wang XL, Zhang YZ, Wang GJ, et al. Advance of study on harmful heavy metal pollution on vegetables[J]. Acta Agric Zhejiangensis, 2004, 16(5):15-18.
[17] GB 16740-1997保健(功能)食品通用标准[S].GB 16740-1997 General standard for health(functional)foods[S].