黑龙江省现代与传统农业区域农村居民点格局差异分析
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摘要
为探寻黑龙江省现代农业区即垦区与传统农业区即农区农村居民点格局的差异及农业发展状态对居民点格局的影响,基于抚远市现代与传统农业区农村居民点的布局现状,运用空间统计分析与景观格局指数相结合的方法对两类农村居民点即聚居居民点与田间散居住宅进行定量化研究。结果表明:现代农业区与传统农业区聚居态主要农村居民点标准差椭圆的长短轴差值、形状指数以及居民点规模全局聚类值与显著性检验分别为:8 743.39与13 426.64 m、10.98与15.18、0.107 478与0.000 015、2.26与0.67,田间散居住宅的数量依次为1 742与487个现代农业区散居住宅核密度远高于传统农业区,表明二者的农村居民点格局存在显著的差异,现代农业区聚居态主要农村居民点规模呈现出全局高值的集聚特征,空间分布较为均匀,形状较为简单,其田间散居住宅密度较高分布较为密集,传统农业区聚居态主要农村居民点空间分布随机,形状相对复杂,其零星分布散居住宅;现代农业区水田种植比例与耕作半径较大耕作强度较高耕种期内农民选择在田块间建立散居住宅以提高耕作效率,即水田种植比例与耕作半径是导致现代与传统农业区田间散居住宅分布差异的主要因素;传统农业区的农田基础设施与田块特征尚不完善,而聚居态主要农村居民点布局对农业生产条件的依赖性较大,即农田基础设施与田块特征是造成现代与传统农业区聚居态主要农村居民点空间格局差异的关键因素。未来黑龙江省在进行农村居民点整治时应对现代与传统农业区进行分区整治,现代农业区应充分考虑耕地结构与耕作半径,传统农业区应注重农田基础设施与田块的特征,以实现黑龙江省现代与传统农业区土地的高效与集约利用。
In order to explore the differences between the rural residential area in the modern agricultural area of Heilongjiang Province and the rural area in the traditional agricultural area,and the impact of agricultural development status on the residential pattern,this study is based on the layout of rural residential areas in modern and traditional agricultural areas in Fuyuan City.By using the combination of spatial statistical analysis and landscape pattern index,quantitative research was conducted on two types of rural residential areas,namely,residential settlements and scattered houses in the field.The results show that the difference between the long and short axis of the standard deviation of the main rural residential areas in the modern agricultural area and the traditional agricultural area,the shape index,the global clustering value and significance of the settlement size are:8 743.39 and 13 426.64 m,10.98 and 15.1,0.107 478 and 0.000 015,2.26 and 0.67.The number of diasporas in the field are respectively 1 742 and 487.The nuclear density distribution map of diasporas in modern agricultural area is much higher than that in traditional agricultural area,indicating that there are significant differences in their of rural settlements patterns.The size of the main rural settlements in the districts of modern agriculture shows a global high-value clustering feature.Its spatial distribution is relatively uniform and shape is relatively simple.The density of scattered residential houses in the field is relatively dense.The spatial distribution of the main rural residential areas in the traditional agricultural areas is random.Its shape is relatively complicated,and its distribution is scattered and the proportion of paddy field planting in modern agricultural area is larger than that of farming tillage.The intensity of tillage is higher.Farmers choose to establish diasporas between fields to improve the efficiency of farming,that is,the ratio of paddy field planting and tillage radius is different in the distribution of diasporas between modern and traditional agricultural areas.The farmland infrastructure and field characteristics of the traditional agricultural areas are not perfect,and the layout of the main rural residential areas in the settlement state is highly dependent on the agricultural production conditions indicating that the farmland infrastructure and field characteristics are key factors caused the spatial pattern of the main rural settlements in the modern and traditional agricultural areas.In the future,Heilongjiang Province should manage modern and traditional agricultural areas in the process of renovating rural residential areas.In modern agricultural areas,the arable land structure and farming radius should be fully considered.In traditional agricultural areas,more attentions should be paid to the characteristics of farmland infrastructure and fields to realize efficient and intensive use of land in modern and traditional agricultural areas.
In order to explore the differences between the rural residential area in the modern agricultural area of Heilongjiang Province and the rural area in the traditional agricultural area,and the impact of agricultural development status on the residential pattern,this study is based on the layout of rural residential areas in modern and traditional agricultural areas in Fuyuan City.By using the combination of spatial statistical analysis and landscape pattern index,quantitative research was conducted on two types of rural residential areas,namely,residential settlements and scattered houses in the field.The results show that the difference between the long and short axis of the standard deviation of the main rural residential areas in the modern agricultural area and the traditional agricultural area,the shape index,the global clustering value and significance of the settlement size are:8 743.39 and 13 426.64 m,10.98 and 15.1,0.107 478 and 0.000 015,2.26 and 0.67.The number of diasporas in the field are respectively 1 742 and 487.The nuclear density distribution map of diasporas in modern agricultural area is much higher than that in traditional agricultural area,indicating that there are significant differences in their of rural settlements patterns.The size of the main rural settlements in the districts of modern agriculture shows a global high-value clustering feature.Its spatial distribution is relatively uniform and shape is relatively simple.The density of scattered residential houses in the field is relatively dense.The spatial distribution of the main rural residential areas in the traditional agricultural areas is random.Its shape is relatively complicated,and its distribution is scattered and the proportion of paddy field planting in modern agricultural area is larger than that of farming tillage.The intensity of tillage is higher.Farmers choose to establish diasporas between fields to improve the efficiency of farming,that is,the ratio of paddy field planting and tillage radius is different in the distribution of diasporas between modern and traditional agricultural areas.The farmland infrastructure and field characteristics of the traditional agricultural areas are not perfect,and the layout of the main rural residential areas in the settlement state is highly dependent on the agricultural production conditions indicating that the farmland infrastructure and field characteristics are key factors caused the spatial pattern of the main rural settlements in the modern and traditional agricultural areas.In the future,Heilongjiang Province should manage modern and traditional agricultural areas in the process of renovating rural residential areas.In modern agricultural areas,the arable land structure and farming radius should be fully considered.In traditional agricultural areas,more attentions should be paid to the characteristics of farmland infrastructure and fields to realize efficient and intensive use of land in modern and traditional agricultural areas.
引文
[1] 刘建生.农村居民点整治模式与布局优化研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:4-5
[2] 王曼曼,吴秀芹,吴斌,张宇清,董贵华.盐池北部风沙区乡村聚落空间格局演变分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(8):261-281Wang M M,Wu X Q,Wu B,Zhang Y Q,Dong G H.Evolution analysis of spatial pattern of rural settlements in sandy area of North Yanchi[J].Transaction of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(8):261-281 (in Chinese)
[3] 李孝坤,李忠峰,冯敏.重庆三峡库区乡村聚落空间分布探析[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(4):242-252Li X K,Li Z F,Feng M.Analysis of rural settlements spatial distribution pattern in chongqing three gorges reservoir area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(4):242-252 (in Chinese)
[4] 杨忍,刘彦随,龙花楼,王洋,张怡筠.中国村庄空间分布特征及空间优化重组解析[J].地理科学,2016,36(2):170-179Yang R,Liu Y S,Long H L,Wang Y,Zhang Y J.Spatial distribution characteristics and optimized reconstructing spatial distribution characteristics and optimized reconstructing analysis of rural settlement in China[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(2):170-179 (in Chinese)
[5] 陈永林,谢炳庚.江南丘陵区乡村聚落空间演化及重构:以赣南地区为例[J].地理研究,2016,35 (1):184-194Chen Y L,Xie B G.The spatial evolution and restructuring of rural settlements in Jiangnan hilly region:A case study in South Jiangxi[J].Geographical Research,2016,35 (1):184-194 (in Chinese)
[6] 邓南荣,张金前,冯秋扬,程炯,韦素琼.东南沿海经济发达区农村居民点景观格局变化研究[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(3):984-989Deng N R,Zhang J Q,Feng Q Y,Chen J,Wei S Q.Landscape pattern changes of rural residential areas in economically developed coastal areas of southeast China[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2009,18(3):984-989 (in Chinese)
[7] 张建,程久苗,范树平,陈丹丹.农村居民点用地变化驱动力研究综述[J].地域研究与开发,2010,29(3):106-109Zhang J,Cheng J M,Fan S P,Chen D D.Review on the researches of the land-use driving force of rural residential areas[J].Areal Research and Development,2010,29(3):106-109 (in Chinese)
[8] 任平,洪步庭,刘寅,周介铭.基于RS与GIS的农村居民点空间变化特征与景观格局影响研究[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3331-3340Ren P,Hong B T,Liu Y,Zhou J M.A study of spatial evolution characteristics of rural settlements and influences of landscape patterns on their distribution using GIS and RS[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(12):3331-3340 (in Chinese)
[9] 刘志玲,张爱琴.农村居民点用地发展驱动力分析:以安徽省为例[J].农村经济,2006(3):30-32Liu Z L,Zhang A Q.Analysis on the driving force of rural residential land development:Taking Anhui Province as an example[J].Rural Economy,2006(3):30-32 (in Chinese)
[10] 周飞,陈士银,钟来元,吴明发.湛江市农村居民点用地面积变化驱动力分析[J].资源开发与市场,2008,2(2):104-106Zhou F,Chen S Y,Zhong L Y,Wu M F.Analysis on area change of rural residential land and its driving forces in Zhanjiang City[J].Resource Development &Market,2008,24(2):104-106 (in Chinese)
[11] 郎义华,邱道持,魏薇,姜廷宪,周林,谭力.农村居民点用地演变及驱动力分析:以重庆市九龙坡区为例[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2007,32(3):146-150Lang Y H,Qiu D C,Wei W,Jiang T X,Zhou L,Tan L.Analysis on the countryside residential land`s change and driving mechanism:Taking the Jiulongpo District of Chongqing Municipality as an example[J].Journal of Southwest China Normal University:Natural Science,2007,32(3):146-150 (in Chinese)
[12] 李晓刚,欧明豪,许恒周.农村居民点用地动态变化及驱动力分析:以青岛市为例[J].国土资源科技管理,2006,23(3):27-32Li X G,Ou M H,Xu H Z.An analysis of dynamic change and forces of rural residential land:A case study of Qingdao City[J].Land and Resources Science and Technology Management,2006,23(3):27-32 (in Chinese)
[13] 姜广辉,张凤荣,陈军伟,段增强,苏子友.基于Logistic回归模型的北京山区农村居民点变化的驱动力分析[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(5):81-87Jiang G H,Zhang F R,Chen J W,Duan Z Q,Su Z Y.Analysis of the driving forces of change of rural residential areas in Beijing mountainous areas based on Logistic regression model[J].Transaction of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2007,23(5):81-87 (in Chinese)
[14] 陈阳,李伟芳,任丽燕,李加林,马仁锋.空间统计视角下的农村居民点分布变化及驱动因素分析:以鄞州区滨海平原为例[J].资源科学,2014,36(11):2273-2281Chen Y,Li W F,Ren L Y,Li J L,Ma R F.Changes in the distribution of rural residential land on a coastal plain[J].Resource Science,2014,36(11):2273-2281 (in Chinese)
[15] 赵作权.地理空间分布整体统计研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(1):1-8Zhao Z Q.Research Progress of the overall statistics of geographical distribution[J].Progress in Geography,2009,28(1):1-8 (in Chinese)
[16] 赵璐.中国经济格局时空演化趋势[J].城市发展研究,2013,20(7):14-18Zhao L.China’s economic pattern of temporal and spatial evolution[J].Urban Development Research,2013,20(7):14-18 (in Chinese)
[17] 鄂施璇,雷国平,宋戈.松嫩平原粮食主产区农村居民点格局及影响因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(18):234-240E S X,Lei G P,Song G.Analysis on pattern and influence factors of rural settlements in grain main production area of Songnen Plain[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(18):234-240 (in Chinese)
[18] 张晓玉.垦区与农区耕地配置模式对比研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2015Zhang X Y.Comparative study on allocation patterns of the cultivated land in reclamation area and agricultural area[D].Haerbin:Northeast Agriculture University,2015 (in Chinese)
[2] 王曼曼,吴秀芹,吴斌,张宇清,董贵华.盐池北部风沙区乡村聚落空间格局演变分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(8):261-281Wang M M,Wu X Q,Wu B,Zhang Y Q,Dong G H.Evolution analysis of spatial pattern of rural settlements in sandy area of North Yanchi[J].Transaction of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(8):261-281 (in Chinese)
[3] 李孝坤,李忠峰,冯敏.重庆三峡库区乡村聚落空间分布探析[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(4):242-252Li X K,Li Z F,Feng M.Analysis of rural settlements spatial distribution pattern in chongqing three gorges reservoir area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(4):242-252 (in Chinese)
[4] 杨忍,刘彦随,龙花楼,王洋,张怡筠.中国村庄空间分布特征及空间优化重组解析[J].地理科学,2016,36(2):170-179Yang R,Liu Y S,Long H L,Wang Y,Zhang Y J.Spatial distribution characteristics and optimized reconstructing spatial distribution characteristics and optimized reconstructing analysis of rural settlement in China[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(2):170-179 (in Chinese)
[5] 陈永林,谢炳庚.江南丘陵区乡村聚落空间演化及重构:以赣南地区为例[J].地理研究,2016,35 (1):184-194Chen Y L,Xie B G.The spatial evolution and restructuring of rural settlements in Jiangnan hilly region:A case study in South Jiangxi[J].Geographical Research,2016,35 (1):184-194 (in Chinese)
[6] 邓南荣,张金前,冯秋扬,程炯,韦素琼.东南沿海经济发达区农村居民点景观格局变化研究[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(3):984-989Deng N R,Zhang J Q,Feng Q Y,Chen J,Wei S Q.Landscape pattern changes of rural residential areas in economically developed coastal areas of southeast China[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2009,18(3):984-989 (in Chinese)
[7] 张建,程久苗,范树平,陈丹丹.农村居民点用地变化驱动力研究综述[J].地域研究与开发,2010,29(3):106-109Zhang J,Cheng J M,Fan S P,Chen D D.Review on the researches of the land-use driving force of rural residential areas[J].Areal Research and Development,2010,29(3):106-109 (in Chinese)
[8] 任平,洪步庭,刘寅,周介铭.基于RS与GIS的农村居民点空间变化特征与景观格局影响研究[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3331-3340Ren P,Hong B T,Liu Y,Zhou J M.A study of spatial evolution characteristics of rural settlements and influences of landscape patterns on their distribution using GIS and RS[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(12):3331-3340 (in Chinese)
[9] 刘志玲,张爱琴.农村居民点用地发展驱动力分析:以安徽省为例[J].农村经济,2006(3):30-32Liu Z L,Zhang A Q.Analysis on the driving force of rural residential land development:Taking Anhui Province as an example[J].Rural Economy,2006(3):30-32 (in Chinese)
[10] 周飞,陈士银,钟来元,吴明发.湛江市农村居民点用地面积变化驱动力分析[J].资源开发与市场,2008,2(2):104-106Zhou F,Chen S Y,Zhong L Y,Wu M F.Analysis on area change of rural residential land and its driving forces in Zhanjiang City[J].Resource Development &Market,2008,24(2):104-106 (in Chinese)
[11] 郎义华,邱道持,魏薇,姜廷宪,周林,谭力.农村居民点用地演变及驱动力分析:以重庆市九龙坡区为例[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2007,32(3):146-150Lang Y H,Qiu D C,Wei W,Jiang T X,Zhou L,Tan L.Analysis on the countryside residential land`s change and driving mechanism:Taking the Jiulongpo District of Chongqing Municipality as an example[J].Journal of Southwest China Normal University:Natural Science,2007,32(3):146-150 (in Chinese)
[12] 李晓刚,欧明豪,许恒周.农村居民点用地动态变化及驱动力分析:以青岛市为例[J].国土资源科技管理,2006,23(3):27-32Li X G,Ou M H,Xu H Z.An analysis of dynamic change and forces of rural residential land:A case study of Qingdao City[J].Land and Resources Science and Technology Management,2006,23(3):27-32 (in Chinese)
[13] 姜广辉,张凤荣,陈军伟,段增强,苏子友.基于Logistic回归模型的北京山区农村居民点变化的驱动力分析[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(5):81-87Jiang G H,Zhang F R,Chen J W,Duan Z Q,Su Z Y.Analysis of the driving forces of change of rural residential areas in Beijing mountainous areas based on Logistic regression model[J].Transaction of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2007,23(5):81-87 (in Chinese)
[14] 陈阳,李伟芳,任丽燕,李加林,马仁锋.空间统计视角下的农村居民点分布变化及驱动因素分析:以鄞州区滨海平原为例[J].资源科学,2014,36(11):2273-2281Chen Y,Li W F,Ren L Y,Li J L,Ma R F.Changes in the distribution of rural residential land on a coastal plain[J].Resource Science,2014,36(11):2273-2281 (in Chinese)
[15] 赵作权.地理空间分布整体统计研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(1):1-8Zhao Z Q.Research Progress of the overall statistics of geographical distribution[J].Progress in Geography,2009,28(1):1-8 (in Chinese)
[16] 赵璐.中国经济格局时空演化趋势[J].城市发展研究,2013,20(7):14-18Zhao L.China’s economic pattern of temporal and spatial evolution[J].Urban Development Research,2013,20(7):14-18 (in Chinese)
[17] 鄂施璇,雷国平,宋戈.松嫩平原粮食主产区农村居民点格局及影响因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(18):234-240E S X,Lei G P,Song G.Analysis on pattern and influence factors of rural settlements in grain main production area of Songnen Plain[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(18):234-240 (in Chinese)
[18] 张晓玉.垦区与农区耕地配置模式对比研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2015Zhang X Y.Comparative study on allocation patterns of the cultivated land in reclamation area and agricultural area[D].Haerbin:Northeast Agriculture University,2015 (in Chinese)
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